November 2023 Ohio Issue 1

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Issue 1
November 7, 2023 (2023-11-07)
Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety
Results
Choice
 Votes %
Yes 2,186,962 56.62%
No 1,675,728 43.38%
Total votes 3,862,690 100.00%
Yes      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% No      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
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The 2023 Ohio reproductive rights initiative,[1] officially titled "The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety", and listed on the ballot as Issue 1,[2] was a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment that was adopted on November 7, 2023, by a majority of 56.6% of voters. It codified reproductive rights in the Ohio Constitution, including contraception, fertility treatment, whether to continue one's own pregnancy, and miscarriage care, restoring Roe v. Wade-era access in Ohio and protecting "the right to abortion up to the point of fetal viability" while permitting restrictions after.[a][3]

In 2019, the Ohio legislature passed a near-total ban on abortion, without exceptions for the health of the mother, rape, incest, or minors. This statute became active after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. During the time it was in place, multiple children fled the state for abortions after being raped.[4] One of these cases involved a ten-year-old girl from Columbus, Ohio who traveled to Indiana to get the procedure, generating nationwide attention and becoming a central campaign issue.[4] A state court put the ban on hold while a challenge alleging it violated the Ohio Constitution was heard.[5] Issue 1 was seen as determining whether Ohio's statute would remain; several members of the "no" campaign had called for bans on forms of birth control that prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg and in vitro fertilization if it fails.[6][7]

The "yes" campaign drew support from Ohio medical organizations,[8] doctors,[8] economists,[9] trade unions,[10] editorial boards,[10] reproductive rights groups,[10] and several religious organizations.[11] They argued that a "yes" vote would further limited government, protect bodily autonomy and religious liberty, while preventing interference with patient-physician privacy.[7] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, alongside other professional associations of doctors, campaigned for Issue 1.[7][12] In late August 2023, former President Donald Trump condemned six-week abortion bans, including Ohio's, as going "too far" and a "terrible thing and terrible mistake".[13][14] The "no" campaign mainly drew support from fundamentalist Protestants.[b][11]

A socially conservative state,[16] Ohio voted for Donald Trump over Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election,[16] so the results of the referendum were widely expected to be a bellwether on whether there is a unified American consensus on abortion rights; voters have supported the "pro-choice" side along both bipartisan and overwhelming margins in referendums conducted since the overturning of Roe v. Wade in 2022.[17][18] Polling has indicated that Republican voters have become significantly more supportive of legalized abortion since the 2016 presidential election. Analysts attributed this to Donald Trump's influence and an ongoing realignment within the party on social issues, with Republican voters increasingly placing emphasis on issues such as political correctness rather than Christian right positions on issues such as abortion.[19][7]

The result of the referendum was widely seen as establishing a national consensus in favor of broad abortion rights, marking a continued trend in ballot measures since the Dobbs decision.[20][21] Among those between 18 and 29 years old, an estimated 77% voted for Issue 1, including a majority of Republicans.[22] Many conservative political analysts and commentators called a continued alliance with the anti-abortion movement "untenable" and an "electoral disaster", and urged the party to adopt a more pro-choice stance on the issue.[23] Exit polling indicated that 61-36% of Ohioians believe abortion should be "mostly legal".[24]

Text

Be it Resolved by the People of the State of Ohio that Article I of the Ohio Constitution is amended to add the following Section:

Article I, Section 22. The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety

A. Every individual has a right to make and carry out one's own reproductive decisions, including but not limited to decisions on:

  1. contraception;
  2. fertility treatment;
  3. continuing one's own pregnancy;
  4. miscarriage care; and
  5. abortion

B. The State shall not, directly or indirectly, burden, penalize, prohibit, interfere with, or discriminate against either:

  1. An individual's voluntary exercise of this right or
  2. A person or entity that assists an individual exercising this right

unless the State demonstrates that it is using the least restrictive means to advance the individual's health in accordance with widely accepted and evidence-based standards of care.

However, abortion may be prohibited after fetal viability. But in no case may such an abortion be prohibited if in the professional judgment of the pregnant patient's treating physician it is necessary to protect the pregnant patient's life or health.

C. As used in this Section:

  1. "Fetal viability" means "the point in a pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the pregnant patient's treating physician, the fetus has a significant likelihood of survival outside the uterus with reasonable measures. This is determined on a case-by-case basis."
  2. "State" includes any governmental entity and any political subdivision.

D. This Section is self-executing.

Background

The number of abortion clinics in Ohio has substantially decreased.

2022 Ohio child-rape and Indiana abortion case

Main article: 2022 Ohio child-rape and Indiana abortion case

In 2019, the Ohio legislature passed a near-total ban on abortion, without exceptions for the health of the mother, rape, incest, or minors.

This current statute became briefly active after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, which overturned Roe v. Wade and allowed states, including Ohio, to impose unlimited limitations on abortion access. During the time it was in place, multiple children fled the state for abortions after being raped.[4] The most notable case involved a ten-year-old girl from Columbus, Ohio, United States, who traveled to Indiana on June 30, 2022 to get an abortion because current statutory law in Ohio does not provide an exception those who became pregnant because of rape. Her case drew national attention and commentary from public figures, due in part to its proximity to the June 24, 2022, decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Dobbs.[5][25][26][27]

Her rapist was arrested by July 13. Before this arrest was made public, Ohio politicians who oppose legal abortion access called the story a hoax; Ohio's attorney general Dave Yost said, "Every day that goes by, the more likely that this is a fabrication."[28] After news of the arrest validated the Star's story, these sources did not apologize for claiming the story was a hoax.[29] Jim Bopp, the general counsel for the National Right to Life Committee, said in an interview that the girl should have been forced to bear the child under law, and that "She would have had the baby, and as many women who have had babies as a result of rape, we would hope that she would understand the reason and ultimately the benefit of having the child."[30] In September 2022, shortly after Ohio's 6-week abortion ban went into effect, a woman made national news when she almost bled to death after an Ohio hospital refused to treat her miscarriage.[31] Presently, "a state court put the ban on hold again while a challenge alleging it violates the state constitution plays out".[5]

Ballot measure submission

On February 21, 2023, Ohioans for Reproductive Freedom, the group leading support for the initiative, filed the amendment's language with the office of Ohio Attorney General, Dave Yost,[32] who certified it on March 2, sending it to the Ohio Ballot Board,[33] who further certified the proposed amendment on March 13, permitting supporters to begin collecting signatures.[3] On July 5, supporters filed 709,786 signatures, nearly 300,000 more than the minimum number required. Ohio Secretary of State, Frank LaRose, certified the petition on July 25, 2023, after certifying 495,938 valid signatures, more than the approximately 410,000 required.[34]

Attempt to change threshold

The Ohio Republican Party tried to thwart this constitutional amendment by attempting to change the rules so as to increase to 60% the threshold required for referendum passage in an August 8 special election, known as August 2023 Ohio Issue 1. The voters of Ohio rejected this change 57%-43%, keeping the threshold for passage at 50%+1.[35]

Ballot challenge rejected

On August 11, the Ohio Supreme Court unanimously rejected a lawsuit filed July 28 that would keep the initiative off the ballot.[36][37]

Campaign

The "for" campaign drew support from Ohio scientific and medical communities,[38][39] economists,[9] trade unions,[10] editorial boards,[10] human rights,[10] and many religious organizations. They have argued that a "yes" vote would limit government, protect bodily autonomy and religious liberty, and prevent interference with personal medical decisions, including another situation similar to the aforementioned abortion case.[7] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, alongside other professional associations of physicians, will prominently campaign for the citizen-initiated constitutional amendment.[7] "The main force behind the ballot initiative" has been physicians and other groups in medicine.[8]

While several Ohio's Catholic dioceses condemned the measure, many Catholic voters are expected to vote for "yes", along with several dissenting groups, including Catholics for Choice.[40]

Controversies

Comments by Ohio Right to Life activist Lizzie Marbach

Lizzie Marbach Twitter
@LizzieMarbach

"King of kings" has always been a political statement. We just took that for granted in the western world and bought into the silly myth of neutrality in the public square.

August 23, 2023

Lizzie Marbach Twitter
@LizzieMarbach

The use of birth control, IVF, & other unnatural means of "family planning" has brainwashed us into believing that WE are the authors of when life begins. This belief has caused so much evil and ultimately led to the death of over 60 million babies due to abortion.

September 11, 2023

The "against" campaign has suffered from intense infighting after comments made by Lizzie Marbach.[41] A fundamentalist Protestant who was communications director for Ohio Right To Life, she labeled a depiction of Our Lady of Guadalupe in a Catholic Church as "idolatry", implied that non-Christians would go to hell, and repeatedly called for an end to the separation of church and state.[41] Marbach has since proceeded to describe the "against" campaign as a means of enacting fundamentalist Protestant supremacy in law,[42] and called for restrictions or bans on birth control and in vitro fertilization if the referendum fails. After comments described as anti-Jewish and anti-Catholic, she was fired in mid-August 2023.[41] Jewish Republican congressmen Max Miller (OH-7) responded to Marbach on Twitter that "this is one of the most bigoted tweets I have ever seen" and to "delete it, Lizzie." The conversation continued with Miller stating that "God says that Jewish people are the chosen ones, but yet you say we have no hope. Thanks for your pearl of wisdom today" and that "religious freedom in the United States applies to every religion".[43] Several Catholic anti-abortion activists urged opponents of the measure to not cast a ballot, or, cast one intentionally spoiled as a protest vote in the wake of the controversy, stating that the "against" campaign was furthering anti-Catholicism.[41]

Ballot wording and misleading campaign advertisements

Proponents of the amendment initially suggested that the amendment appear in full on voters' ballots in November. However, the Ohio Ballot Board substituted its own summary wording to appear before voters. The summary, written by Ohio Secretary of State and Republican Senate candidate Frank LaRose and approved by the Ballot Board's Republican majority, received criticism for its allegedly biased language, including substituting the word "unborn child" for the medically accurate term "fetus" and omitting reference to other rights the proposed amendment would protect, including contraception, miscarriage care, and fertility treatment. Abortion rights groups sued to have the full text of the amendment presented on the ballot, but the Republican majority on the Ohio Supreme Court sided with the Ballot Board, allowing the contentious language to appear in the ballot summary.[44]

The Ballot Board's summary received criticism from medical groups as well as some voices opposed to legal abortion access, who have described it as deliberately deceiving voters to vote "no" under false pretexts.[45] National conservative columnist Jude Russo wrote that "[we] have failed to persuade the American people. Simply put: Lawyerly tricks (and tricky lawyers) are losers. Asking the commons to cede power voluntarily is a loser"[46] and that "a rush of [intentionally] badly-worded state referenda is not a program."[47] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology stated: "The language used to discuss abortion has a profound impact on how people form their opinions about reproductive health care, and the emotionally charged language that will now be presented to voters is neither clinically nor legally sound."[45]

Advertisements from the "against" campaign falsely claiming that the referendum would take away parental rights and force transgender surgery on children has received widespread criticism from legal experts who described it as misleading and baseless.[48] Constitutional law expert Jonathan Entin writes:[48]

The opponents are saying, "Well, but there's this language that says 'including but not limited to'..." But that's bogus.

and:[48]

If you drink too much alcohol, if you ingest certain drugs, if you drive too fast — all of those things could have shorter or longer term implications for your ability to reproduce... That doesn't mean that speed limits and drug laws and alcohol regulations are somehow going to be affected by this amendment if it's adopted.

Anti-abortion Catholic columnist Mary Pezzulo criticized the advertisements: "They’re claiming that the constitutional amendment will somehow lead to children being allowed to get gender transition surgery without their parents knowing or being able to stop it. Again, this is nonsense. Children can’t get elective medical procedures without a parent’s consent. And the proposed amendment says absolutely nothing about gender transition." and that "they’re lying to get people to vote against Issue One."[49] She went on to state:[49]

Opposing abortion is supposed to be all about the personhood of the unborn baby. Why are we [lying] about parents’ rights [being taken away]?

Endorsements

Yes
U.S. Executive Branch officials
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
Statewide officials
  • Marc Dann, 47th Attorney General of Ohio (2007–2008) (Democrat)[55]
State Senators
State House members
  • Willis Blackshear Jr., state representative from the 38th district (2021–present) (Democrat)[57]
  • Jeffrey Crossman, former state representative from the 15th district (2019–2022) and Democratic nominee in the 2022 Ohio Attorney General election (Democrat)[55]
  • Michele Grim, state representative from the 43rd district (2023–present) (Democrat)[58]
  • Darrell Opfer, former state representative from the 53rd district (1993–1999) (Democrat)[59]
  • Allison Russo, Minority Leader of the Ohio House of Representatives (2022–present) and state representative from the 7th district (2023–present) and the 24th district (2019–2022) (Democrat)[60]
  • Anita Somani, state representative from the 11th district (2023–present) (Democrat)[61]
  • Casey Weinstein, state representative from the 34th district (2019–present) (Democrat)[62]
Local officials
Individuals
Organizations
Newspapers
No
U.S. Executive Branch officials
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
Statewide officials
  • Ken Blackwell, 48th Secretary of State of Ohio (1999–2007) and 43rd Treasurer of Ohio (1994–1999) (Republican)[83]
  • Mike DeWine, 70th Governor of Ohio (2019–present), 50th Attorney General of Ohio (2011–2019), former U.S. Senator from Ohio (1995–2007), 59th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1991–1994), and former U.S. Representative from OH-7 (1983–1991) (Republican)[82]
  • Keith Faber, 33rd Auditor of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican)[82]
  • Jon Husted, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (2019–present) and 50th Secretary of State of Ohio (2011–2019) (Republican)[82]
  • Frank LaRose, 51st Secretary of State of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican)[84]
  • Dave Yost, 51st Attorney General of Ohio (2019–present) and 32nd Auditor of Ohio (2011–2019) (Republican)[82]
State Senators
State House members
  • Adam Bird, state representative from the 63rd district (2023–present) and the 66th district (2021–2022) (Republican)[62]
  • Gary Click, state representative from the 88th district (2021–present) (Republican)[88]
  • Jim Hoops, state representative from the 81st district (2018–present; 1999–2006) (Republican)[89]
  • Melanie Miller, state representative from the 67th district (2023–present) (Republican)[86]
  • Bill Seitz, Majority Leader of the Ohio House of Representatives (2017–present), state representative from the 30th district (2017–present; 2001–2007), and former state senator from the 8th district (2007–2016) (Republican)[90]
  • Jason Stephens, 106th Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives (2023–present) and state representative from the 93rd district (2019–present) (Republican)[91]
Local officials
Individuals
Organizations
Newspapers
Declined to endorse
Newspapers

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[c] 		Margin
of error 		For Against Undecided
Data for Progress October 31–November 2, 2023 582 (LV) ± 4% 57% 40% 3%
Ohio Northern University October 16–19, 2023 668 (RV) ± 3.8% 60% 40% N/A
Baldwin Wallace University Community Research Institute October 9–11, 2023 569 (RV) ± 4.5% 58% 34% 8%
Fallon Research & Communications, Inc. August 22–25, 2023 501 (RV) ± 4.37% 55% 35% 10%
Ohio Northern University July 17–26, 2023 675 (LV) ± 3.7% 54% 30% 16%
USA Today/Suffolk University July 9–12, 2023 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 58% 32% 10%
Scripps News/YouGov June 20–22, 2023 500 (LV) ± 5.95% 58% 23% 20%
Baldwin Wallace University Community Research Institute September 30–October 3, 2022 856 (RV) ± 2.8% 59% 27% 14%
  1. ^ The referendum would allow an abortion ban after fetal viability, with the narrow exceptions of "the pregnant patient’s life or health".
  2. ^ Several Catholic dioceses in Ohio have also opposed the referendum. However, along with several dissenting Catholic organizations, many Catholic voters are expected to support Issue 1.[15]
  3. ^ Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear

Financial contributions

Primary Campaign Committees[103]
Committee Position Contributions Expenditures
Ohioans United for Reproductive Rights Support $39,200,000 $26,200,000
Protect Women Ohio Oppose $27,000,000 $24,300,000
Major Donors to Registered Committees[103][104][failed verification]
Donors Position Contributions
The Concord Fund/Judicial Crisis Network Oppose $25,000,000
Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America Oppose $12,500,000
Protect Women Ohio Action Fund Inc Oppose $9,700,000
Sixteen Thirty Fund Support $5,500,000
Ohioans for Reproductive Freedom PAC[105][failed verification] Support $8,500,000
Open Society Policy Center Support $3,500,000
Catholic Dioceses of Ohio Oppose $2,200,000
American Civil Liberties Union Support $2,200,000
Fairness Project Support $2,400,000
Lynn Schusterman Support $1,500,000
Planned Parenthood Action Fund Support $1,500,000
Knights of Columbus Oppose $1,000,000
Michael Bloomberg Support $1,000,000
Gwendolyn Sontheim Meyer Support $1,000,000
Abigail Wexner Support $1,000,000

Reaction

Conservative commentator Sean Hannity urged Republicans to adopt a "safe, legal, and rare" framework on abortion.[23]

See also

References

  1. ^ Tebben, Susan (August 24, 2023). "Split ballot board approves reproductive rights amendment summary written by Ohio Sec. of State". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  2. ^ Smith, Julie Carr (August 24, 2023). "Backers blast approved ballot language for Ohio's fall abortion amendment as misleading". Associated Press. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  3. ^ a b Walsh, Maeve (March 13, 2023). "Abortion rights amendment certified by Ohio Ballot Board". WCMH-TV. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c Sherman, Carter (September 27, 2023). "Ohio supreme court battle over six-week abortion ban begins". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Burnett, Sara; Fernando, Christine (August 9, 2023). "Ohio vote shows enduring power of abortion rights at ballot box, giving Democrats a path in 2024". ABC News. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  6. ^ Balmert, Jessie (September 24, 2023). "Why Ohio abortion opponents aren't banning abortion before Issue 1 vote". Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Bazelon, Emily (September 12, 2023). "The Surprising Places Where Abortion Rights Are on the Ballot, and Winning". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
  8. ^ a b c Weiner, Stacy; Ziegler, Mary (September 21, 2023). "Abortion in America: From Roe to Dobbs and beyond". AAMC. Retrieved September 23, 2023. In Ohio, the main force behind the ballot initiative was physicians who said we are not willing to practice medicine under this regime and we think voters support us.
  9. ^ a b Schladen, Marty (August 29, 2023). "Economists: Abortion protections will lead to better outcomes for Ohio women". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Wines, Michael (August 8, 2023). "What's at Stake in Ohio's Referendum on Amending the State Constitution". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 11, 2023.
  11. ^ a b Walsh, Maeve (July 17, 2023). "Ohio religious groups divided on abortion, Issue 1". WCMH-TV. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  12. ^ Jaramillo, Cassandra (July 31, 2023). "Doctors Emerge as Political Force in Battle Over Abortion Laws in Ohio and Elsewhere". ProPublica. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  13. ^ Editorial Board (September 17, 2023). "Trump's Terrible Abortion Comments". National Review. Retrieved October 25, 2023. Florida, Ohio, Georgia, and Iowa all have the sort of pro-life laws that Trump is now condemning.
  14. ^ Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie (September 17, 2023). "'A Terrible Mistake': Trump Criticizes DeSantis on Abortion Ban". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
  15. ^ Horn, Dan (September 15, 2023). "Catholic Church gave $900K to fight Ohio's abortion rights amendment". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Archived from the original on September 18, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  16. ^ a b Lerer, Lisa; Goldmacher, Shane (November 4, 2023). "Will Abortion Dominate the 2024 Elections? Tuesday Will Offer Clues". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  17. ^ "Ohio's abortion rights ballot measure could provide insights into 2024 elections". PBS NewsHour. November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  18. ^ Bazelon, Emily (September 12, 2023). "The Surprising Places Where Abortion Rights Are on the Ballot, and Winning". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  19. ^ Cohn, Nate (August 10, 2023). "It's Not Reagan's Party Anymore". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  20. ^ Knowles, Hannah (November 7, 2023). "Abortion rights advocates win major victories in Ohio, Kentucky". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  21. ^ "Abortion rights win big in 2023 off-year elections". Axios. November 7, 2023.
  22. ^ "Exit polls for Ohio ballot measure election results 2023 | CNN Politics". CNN. November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  23. ^ a b Luciano, Michael (November 8, 2023). "Hannity Resigns Himself to Abortion Rights Victory in Ohio: 'If We're Really Gonna Be Honest About This…'". Mediaite. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  24. ^ Filer, Christine; Langer, Gary; De Jong, Allison (November 7, 2023). "Ohio voters broadly support abortion access, early exit poll of ballot measure shows". ABC News. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  25. ^ Hauser, Christine (July 5, 2023). "Man Gets Life Sentence in Rape of Child Who Traveled for Abortion". The New York Times. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  26. ^ Bruner, Bethany; Trombly, Monroe; Cook, Tony (July 13, 2022). "Arrest made in rape of Ohio girl that led to Indiana abortion drawing international attention". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  27. ^ Bushard, Brian (July 22, 2022). "Ohio Man Indicted For Raping 9-Year-Old Who Was Forced To Travel To Indiana For Abortion". Forbes. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  28. ^ Bischoff, Laura (July 14, 2022). "Ohio AG Dave Yost cast doubt on 10-year-old rape victim case, now 'rejoices' at arrest". USA Today. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  29. ^ Robertson, Katie (July 14, 2022). "Facts Were Sparse on an Abortion Case. But That Didn't Stop the Attacks". The New York Times. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  30. ^ Messerly, Megan; Wren, Adam (July 14, 2022). "National Right to Life official: 10-year-old should have had baby". Politico. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  31. ^ Simmons-Duffin, Selena (November 15, 2022). "Her miscarriage left her bleeding profusely. An Ohio ER sent her home to wait". NPR. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  32. ^ Staver, Anna; Balmert, Jessie (February 21, 2023). "Abortion in Ohio: What does proposed constitutional amendment say?". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  33. ^ Donaldson, Sarah (March 2, 2023). "Petition for proposed abortion rights amendment gets certified by Ohio attorney general". WCMH-TV. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  34. ^ Burlij, Terence; Forrest, Jack (July 25, 2023). "Abortion rights amendment qualifies for November ballot in Ohio | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  35. ^ Raman, Sandhya (August 9, 2023). "Ohio voters reject push to hinder abortion rights amendment". Roll Call. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  36. ^ Pelzer, Jeremy (August 11, 2023). "Ohio's GOP-controlled Supreme Court rejects legal challenge to proposed abortion-rights amendment". cleveland.com. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  37. ^ Wildow, Samantha (August 11, 2023). "Ohio Supreme Court denies challenge to abortion amendment, clearing way for November vote". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  38. ^ Miller, Hayley E.; Fraz, Farsam; Zhang, Jiaqi; Henkel, Andrea; Leonard, Stephanie A.; Maskatia, Shiraz A.; El-Sayed, Yasser Y.; Blumenfeld, Yair J. (September 1, 2023). "Abortion Bans and Resource Utilization for Congenital Heart Disease: A Decision Analysis". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 142 (3): 652–659. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005291. ISSN 1873-233X. PMID 37535962.
  39. ^ Smith, Wesley J. (August 21, 2023). "Medical Journal Opposes Abortion Restrictions in the Name of Containing Health-Care Costs". National Review. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  40. ^ Wonnell, Gabrielle. "Catholic: 'Abortion stigma' is real in the church. Forced pregnancy is worse". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  41. ^ a b c d Tobias, Andrew (August 22, 2023). "What Ohio Right to Life's firing of a top staffer shows about the challenges facing the anti-abortion movement: Analysis". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  42. ^ Marbach, Lizzie (August 23, 2023). "The Political Implications". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved September 11, 2023.
  43. ^ Kaplan, Josh (August 16, 2023). "Jewish congressmen attack former Trump staffer over controversial Jesus tweet". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  44. ^ "Ohio Supreme Court approves abortion rights amendment Ballot Board summary for voters with one tweak". Ohio Capitol Journal. September 20, 2023.
  45. ^ a b Meegan, Molly (August 29, 2023). "ACOG Condemns the Politically Charged Language in the Ohio Ballot Initiative Summary". The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  46. ^ Russo, Jude (August 11, 2023). "Why the Pro-Life Movement Is Losing". The American Conservative. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  47. ^ Russo, Jude (September 7, 2023). "This Year's Abortion Numbers Are a Wake-Up Call". The American Conservative. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  48. ^ a b c Trau, Morgan (April 10, 2023). "Fact Check: Ohio abortion amendment says nothing about transgender or parental rights, contrary to ad's claims". News 5 Cleveland WEWS. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  49. ^ a b Pezzulo, Mary (September 13, 2023). "Ohio's Abortion Amendment: Why is the Pro-life Movement Lying?". Steel Magnificat. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  50. ^ Hancock, Laura (October 19, 2023). "Barack Obama tells Ohioans to vote 'yes' on Issue 1, the abortion amendment". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  51. ^ a b Tebben, Susan (August 10, 2023). "Local, national groups praise Issue 1 defeat, buckle up for November fight". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
  52. ^ "Both sides weigh in on Ohio Issue 1". WBNS-TV. October 23, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
  53. ^ a b Gaynor, Gerren Keith (August 9, 2023). "Ohio vote on Issue 1 continues to signal abortion as winning issue for Democrats". TheGrio. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
  54. ^ a b c Ollstein, Alice Miranda; Fernandez, Madison (October 29, 2023). "Abortion referendum offers Ohio Democrats a playbook for '24". Politico. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  55. ^ a b Dann, Marc; Crossman, Jeffrey A. (October 25, 2023). "Former Ohio AG and AG candidate issue rebuttal to Issue 1 legal analysis put out by current AG". The Athans Messenger. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
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External links

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