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Shamkir (city)

Coordinates: 40°49′47″N 46°01′08″E / 40.82972°N 46.01889°E / 40.82972; 46.01889
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40°49′47″N 46°01′08″E / 40.82972°N 46.01889°E / 40.82972; 46.01889

Shamkir
Şəmkir
Shamkir is located in Azerbaijan
Shamkir
Shamkir
Coordinates: 40°49′47″N 46°01′08″E / 40.82972°N 46.01889°E / 40.82972; 46.01889
Country Azerbaijan
DistrictShamkir
Established1944
Elevation
450 m (1,480 ft)
Population
 (2010)[1]
 • Total
67,200
Time zoneUTC+4 (AZT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+5 (AZT)
Area code+994 241
WebsiteOfficial website

Şəmkir is a city in and the capital of Shamkir District in western Azerbaijan, located in the northern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, on the coast of the Chagirchay River on Tbilisi-Yevlakh highway, about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) from Dallar railway station. It is the eighth largest city in Azerbaijan by population.

Etymology

One theory is that the name derives from the dialectal Azerbaijani word sham, meaning a place covered in green.[2][3]

History

Pottery dish of the 16th or 15th century BCE, found during excavations near Shamkir

The historical Shamkur (also known as Shamkhor and Shamkir[2]) has been known since the 5th century as a merchant and craft center of Persia.[3] In 652, the city was seized by Arabs.[4] In 737, Khazars settled in Shamkir after the Arabian commander Mervan's campaign to the Volga.[4] In 752, the city was destroyed by the Sabir people, who lived nearby and rebelled against the Arabs.[4] In 854, the Muslim Khazars took refuge in Shamkir.[4] Later, the city was under the reign of Ganja amirs from the Kurdish dynasty of Shaddadids.[4] In the 12th century and in the beginning of the 13th century, Shamkir was under the Georgian reign.[4] In 1195, the Georgian Queen Tamar's commanders destroyed the troops of Azerbaijan's Atabey Abu-Bakr, who was from Seljuk dynasty of the Ildegizids.[4] In 1235, Shamkir was destroyed by Mongols.[4] From the first quarter of the 16th century till the beginning of the 19th century Shamkir was governed by hereditary rulers of Azerbaijani (Qizilbash) tribe called Shamsaddinli-Zulgadar.[4] In 1803, during the military actions against Ganja Khanate, Shamkir was taken up by Russian troops and annexed to Russia.[4]

In 1817–1818, colony of Germans resettled from Wurttemberg, was established on the site of Shamkir under the name Annenfeld.[2] On September 3, 1826, during the Russo-Iran war, the Shah's guard consisting of 10,000 soldiers was destroyed near Annenfeld.[4] In 1915, Assyrians from Turkey and Iran were resettled here and still lived here as of the 1930s.[5]

Annenfeld in the early 20th century

Following World War I, Annenfeld was given the Russian name of Annino (Template:Lang-ru).[2] In 1938, it was granted urban-type settlement and renamed Shamkhor (Шамхор), after the nearby railway station and the historical Shamkir.[2][3] In 1944, two years after the German population was deported as part of the population transfer in the Soviet Union, it was granted town status.[3] In 1991, the name was changed to Shamkir.[2]

Economy

There are cognac and wine plants and also a plant of local industry functioning in the city.

Transportation

Public transport

Shamkir has a large urban transport system, mostly managed by the Ministry of Transportation.

Sports

The city has one professional football team, Shamkir, currently competing in the second-flight of Azerbaijani football, the Azerbaijan First Division.[6] The club has two Azerbaijani league titles.

As of 2014, city's home of Shamkir Chess a category 22 event and one of the highest rated tournaments of all time.[7]

Notable people

Further information: Category:People from Shamkir

Some of the city's many prestigious residents include: poets Molla Vali Vidadi and Ahmad Javad, footballer Javid Imamverdiyev and archer Zinyat Valiyeva.

Twin towns and Sister cities

Shamkir is twinned with:

References

Notes

  1. ^ The state statistical committee of the Azerbaijan Republic
  2. ^ a b c d e f Pospelov, pp. 27–28
  3. ^ a b c d Kotlyakov, entry on "Shamkir"
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Soviet Historical Encyclopedia, entry on "Shamkhor" Template:Ru icon
  5. ^ Краткая история появления в России ассирийскиx поселений. HOLY APOSTOLIC CATHOLIC ASSYRIAN CHURCH OF THE EAST.
  6. ^ ФК "Шамкир" возвращается в профессиональный футбол (in Russian). Retrieved August 19, 2011.
  7. ^ "Carlsen beats Nakamura for perfect 2/2 start in the Gashimov Memorial". www.theweekinchess.com. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  8. ^ "Azerbaijan`s Shamkir, Lithuania`s Siauliai to become sister cities". azertag.az. Retrieved February 10, 2015.

Sources

  • Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.) Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.
  • "Словарь современных географических названий" (Dictionary of Modern Geographic Names). Под. ред. В. М. Котлякова (ed. V. M. Kotlyakov), 2006.
  • "Советская историческая энциклопедия" (Soviet Historical Encyclopedia). Под ред. Е. М. Жукова (ed. Ye. M. Zhukov), 1973–1982.

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