1960 in Israel
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Events in the year 1960 in Israel.
Incumbents
- Prime Minister of Israel – David Ben-Gurion (Mapai)
- President of Israel – Yitzhak Ben-Zvi
- Chief of General Staff - Haim Laskov
- Government of Israel - 9th Government of Israel
Events
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- 31 January – Operation Tawfiq (פעולת תאופיק): The first Israeli retribution operation initiated after the Suez Crisis. The operation is carried out by Golani forces on the Syrian village of Tawfiq, in response to attacks on Israelis in Tel Katzir. Tawfiq was designated by the IDF as the center of many Syrian attacks and as a result it was decided that the destruction of the village was vital. During the operation, the village is conquered and destroyed while being attacked by Syrian artillery. Six Syrian and three Israeli soldiers are killed during the operation and seven Israeli soldiers are wounded.
- 15 February – War threatened to break out between Israel and the Egypt (at that time partners with Syria in the United Arab Republic), after the UAR's President Nasser received inaccurate information that Israeli troops were massing at Israel's border with Syria. Nasser then sent a major portion of the Egyptian army to Israel's border with Egypt, and Israel then began Operation Rottem. The two sides halted war preparations after discovering the misunderstanding, and both sides stood down on 1 March.[1]
- February/March - The Rotem Crisis.
- 14 March – West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer met with Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, the first time a German leader had conferred with a leader of the Jewish state. Two weeks earlier, the two countries had secretly negotiated German financial and military aid to Israel.[2]
- 21 March – In Buenos Aires, Ricardo Klement brought a bouquet of flowers to his wife at their home at 16 Garibaldi Street, confirming to Mossad agents that the Argentine businessman was, as they suspected, Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann. The Israeli intelligence service was aware that Eichmann had married on 21 March 1935, while Eichmann was unaware that he had been found after 15 years on the run. The architect of Germany's "Final Solution" genocide, Eichmann eluded capture after the end of World War II.[3]
- 11 May – In Buenos Aires, four Mossad agents abduct the fugitive Nazi war criminal, Adolf Eichmann, in order that he could be taken to Israel and put on trial.[4]
- 21 May – An El Al flight took off from Buenos Aires at 12:05 a.m., with kidnapped Nazi fugitive Adolf Eichmann safely on board, to face trial for the Holocaust in Israel.[4]
- 22 May – Adolf Eichmann arrived in Israel at 7:35 a.m., roughly 24 hours after he had been spirited out of Argentina.[5]
- 23 May – Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion of Israel surprised the Knesset at 4:00 p.m., with the announcement that, "Israeli Security Services captured one of the greatest Nazi criminals, Adolf Eichmann... Eichmann is already in detention in Israel, and will soon be put on trial here."[6]
- 3 June – Argentina demanded that Israel return Adolf Eichmann, and then asked for reparations for Eichmann's seizure by Mossad agents in Buenos Aires. On 2 August, the dispute was resolved by Israel keeping Eichmann, but acknowledging that Argentina's fundamental rights had been infringed upon.[7][7]
- 6 June - The Israeli Air Force receives its first Fouga Magister jets.
- 16 June - The Soreq Nuclear Research Center becomes operational.[8]
- 20 July – The Czech-born scientist Kurt Sitte, who was the head of the Physics Department at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, is arrested for espionage.
- 25 July – the Knesset passes the Israel Lands Law (חוק יסוד: מקרקעי ישראל).
Israeli–Palestinian Conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1960 include:
Notable Palestinian militant operations against Israeli targets
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The most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1960 include:
- 26 April - Armed Palestinian Arab militants killed a resident of Ashkelon south of the city.
Notable Israeli military operations against Palestinian militancy targets
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The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1960 include:
Unknown dates
- The founding of the kibbutz Ein Hatzeva.
- The founding of the kibbutz Even Menachem.
Notable births
- 13 March – Erez Gerstein, commander of the Golani Brigade and Lebanon Liaison Unit, killed by a roadside bomb in Lebanon (died 1999).
- 1 May – Adam, Israeli singer and actor.
- 6 August – Emmanuel Rosen, Israeli journalist, political analyst and media personality.
- 26 August – Avi Kushnir, Israeli entertainer, actor and TV host.
- 22 September – Isaac Herzog, Israeli politician.
- 17 October – Dan Toren, Israeli singer and actor.
Notable deaths
- 13 March – Yosef Zvi HaLevy (born 1874), Russian (Lithuania)-born Israeli rabbi and judge.
- 24 May – Avraham Arnon (born 1887), Russian (Belarus)-born Israeli educator.
- 19 September – Zecharia Glosca (born 1894), Yemeni-born Israeli politician.
- 15 October – Ya'akov Moshe Toledano (born 1880), Israeli politician and rabbi.
- 20 November – Ya'akov Cohen (born 1881), Russian (Belarus)-born Israeli poet.
Major public holidays
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See also
References
- ^ Hemda Ben-Yehuda and Shmuel Sandler, The Arab-Israeli Conflict Transformed: Fifty Years of Interstate and Ethnic Crises (State University of New York Press, 2002), p185
- ^ Michael Wolffsohn, Eternal Guilt?: Forty Years of German-Jewish-Israeli Relations (Columbia University Press, 1993), p23
- ^ Ephraim Kahana, Historical Dictionary of Israeli Intelligence (Scarecrow Press 2006),3
- ^ a b Ephraim Kahana, Historical Dictionary of Israeli Intelligence (Scarecrow Press 2006), p84
- ^ David Cesarani, Becoming Eichmann: Rethinking the Life, Crimes, and Trial of a "Desk Murderer" (Da Capo Press, 2007), p234
- ^ Tim Cole, Selling the Holocaust: From Auschwitz to Schindler (Routledge, 2000), p49; "Israelis Capture Top Nazi", Pacific Stars and Stripes, 24 May 1960, p1
- ^ a b "Chronology June 1960", The World Almanac and book of facts, 1961 (New York World-Telegram, 1960), pp172–175
- ^ http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_Heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?parm=vBYWe2hZWfl%2BpACJ%2B7JOJ%2BQs6PBaRZQiCtQkoYBDaPsy7%2F0s7VTfzMVft57aTjpkYw%3D%3D&mode=image&href=DAV%2f1960%2f07%2f05&page=1&rtl=true
External links
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