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UEFA Conference League

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UEFA Conference League
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Organising bodyUEFA
Founded2021; 3 years ago (2021)
(rebranded in 2024)
RegionEurope
Number of teams36 (league phase)
184 (total)
Qualifier forUEFA Europa League
Related competitionsUEFA Champions League (1st tier)
UEFA Europa League (2nd tier)
Current championsGreece Olympiacos (1st title)
Most successful club(s)Greece Olympiacos
Italy Roma

England West Ham United

(1 title each)
Websiteuefa.com/uefaconferenceleague
2024–25 UEFA Conference League

The UEFA Conference League (previously known as the UEFA Europa Conference League), abbreviated as UECL,[1] is an annual football competition organised since 2021 by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) for eligible European football clubs. It is the third tier of continental club football in Europe, behind the second-tier Europa League, and the first-tier Champions League.

Introduced in 2021 as the UEFA Europa Conference League, the competition was initially intended as the bottom level of the Europa League. The competition is primarily contested by teams from lower-ranked UEFA member associations.[2] No teams qualify directly for the league phase: instead the teams eliminated in the Europa League play-off round qualify, with the rest coming from the Conference League qualifying and play-off rounds. The winners of the competition qualify for the following season's Europa League, unless they also qualify for the Champions League via their domestic league position.[3]

From the 2024–25 season, the competition was rebranded to the UEFA Conference League, and the group stage was replaced with an expanded league phase.

Roma were the inaugural winners of the competition, having beaten Feyenoord 1–0 in the 2022 final. The current holder of the title is Olympiacos.

History

[edit]
Winners UEFA Conference League
Season Winner
2021–22 Italy Roma
2022–23 England West Ham United
2023–24 Greece Olympiacos
The UEFA Europa Conference League trophy on display in Rome

UEFA had reportedly considered adding a third-tier competition since at least 2015, believing that a bottom-level tournament could act as a means of giving clubs from lower-ranked UEFA member countries a chance of progressing beyond their customary elimination from the Champions League and Europa League.[4] In mid-2018, talk of an announcement intensified, with news sources claiming an agreement had already been reached for the competition to be launched and that the 48-team Europa League group stage would be split in two, with the lower half forming the nucleus of what would be the new event.[5]

On 2 December 2018, UEFA announced that the competition – provisionally known as "Europa League 2" or just "UEL2" – was to be launched as part of the 2021–24 three-year competition cycle, with UEFA adding that the new tournament would bring "more matches for more clubs and more associations".[3]

The original official name of the competition, "UEFA Europa Conference League", was announced on 24 September 2019.[6]

On 24 May 2021, UEFA revealed the competition's trophy and brand identity. The Europa Conference League Trophy stands 57.5 cm (22.6 in) tall and weighs 11 kg (24 lb).[7]

The first goal in the then-named Europa Conference League qualifiers was scored on 6 July 2021 by Mosta player Evo Chris in a 2021–22 qualifying round match against Spartak Trnava.[8] The first goal in the then-named Europa Conference League group stage was scored on 14 September 2021 by Maccabi Tel Aviv player Stipe Perica in a 2021–22 group stage match against Alashkert.[9] On 30 September 2021, the competition's first hat-trick was scored by Harry Kane for Tottenham Hotspur in a group stage match against NS Mura. Kane came on as a 59th minute substitute at 2–1 before scoring three goals within 20 minutes of each other to finish off the game (5–1).[10]

On 5 May 2022, Feyenoord and Roma became the first teams ever to reach the Europa Conference League final, ending with Roma being crowned the inaugural champions.[11]

On 3 November 2022, West Ham United became the first side to win all six of their Europa Conference League group stage matches, picking up wins against FCSB, Silkeborg and Anderlecht.[12] They went on to win the competition by defeating Fiorentina 2–1 in the 2023 final, in the process becoming the first side to finish the competition undefeated, with 12 wins and one draw.

On 28 June 2023, UEFA announced that the competition would be renamed to the UEFA Conference League from the 2024–25 season onwards. According to UEFA, removing 'Europa' from the name of the competition would enable further development as a stand-alone competition in their research amongst fans and commercial partners.[13][14] In the same season, the 32-team group stage was replaced with a 36-team league phase, in line with similar changes made to the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

In the 2024 final, Olympiacos beat Fiorentina 1–0, becoming the first Greek club to win a major European competition.[15]

A match between CSKA Sofia and Roma in the inaugural 2021–22 season

Trophy

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UEFA Conference League trophy

The Conference League trophy, designed by Pentagram, is made from brass, with galvanic steel and silver plating. It features 32 hexagonal columns, to represent the 32 teams in the original group stage, curving upwards in a manner intended to resemble a football curling through the air towards the goal.[16]

Format

[edit]

Qualification

[edit]
See caption
A map of UEFA associations whose teams have reached the league phase or group stage of the UEFA Conference League
  UEFA member association that has been represented in the league phase or group stage
  UEFA member association that has not been represented in the league phase or group stage

Similar to the UEFA Champions League, qualification to the Conference League is split into two paths – separating champions and non-champions – and contains three rounds plus a play-off.[17] However, unlike the Champions League, the Champions Path will only be contested by teams eliminated from Champions League qualifying and consequently relegated either directly into the Conference League[note 1] or via a second relegation from the UEFA Europa League as a result of two straight eliminations.[note 2][17]

The association ranking based on the UEFA country coefficients is used to determine the number of participating teams in main path qualification for each association:[note 3][17]

  • Nations ranked 1 to 5 have one team;
  • Nations ranked 6 to 15 have two teams;
  • Nations ranked 16 to 50 have three teams;
  • Nations ranked 51 to 55 have two teams;
  • Liechtenstein does not have a domestic league and will provide the winner of the Liechtenstein Football Cup irrespective of their coefficient ranking.

Based on this reorganisation, no association benefits from more berths to continental football than they had before the 2021–24 competition cycle, with the tournament essentially being the lower orders of the previous Europa League tournament split off into a secondary tournament.

League phase and knockout phase

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The format involves a league phase and a knockout phase consisting of preliminary knockout play-offs, followed by a round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals and final (all of the knockout games except the final are played over two legs). The top eight teams from the league phase receive a bye to the round of 16, while the teams ranked 9th to 24th contest the knockout play-offs with the winners advancing to the round of 16. The teams ranked 25th to 36th in the league phase and the losers of the play-offs are eliminated from the competition.[18]

The final is played at a neutral venue. The winner of the competition is entitled to participate in the UEFA Europa League league phase the following season. The competition's matches are usually played on Thursdays.[3]

Distribution (from 2021–22 to 2023–24)

[edit]

All qualification berths are based on UEFA's default assumption that each association will submit one domestic cup winner as its highest-ranked qualifier after those eligible to enter the Europa League, and will define its remaining entrants by their league position in the previous year. England allocates its lowest-ranked qualification place to the winners of the EFL Cup or, if they already qualified for the Champions League or Europa League, to the sixth or seventh placed in the Premier League.

Distribution (from 2024–25)

[edit]

[19]

Teams entering in this round Teams advancing from previous round Teams transferred from Champions League Teams transferred from Europa League
First qualifying round
(58 teams)
  • 17 domestic cup winners from associations 39–55
  • 21 domestic league runners-up from associations 34–55 (except Liechtenstein)
  • 20 domestic league third-placed teams from associations 30–50 (except Liechtenstein)
Second qualifying round
Champions
(16 teams)
  • 16 teams eliminated from Champions League first qualifying round
Non-champions
(88 teams)
  • 5 domestic cup winners from associations 34–38
  • 18 domestic league runners-up from associations 16–33
  • 17 domestic league third-placed teams from associations 13–29
  • 9 domestic league fourth-placed teams from associations 7–15
  • 1 domestic league fifth-placed team from association 6
  • 29 winners from the first qualifying round
  • 9 teams eliminated from Europa League first qualifying round
Third qualifying round
Champions
(8 teams)
  • 8 winners from the second qualifying round for champions
Non-champions
(52 teams)
  • 44 winners from the second qualifying round for non-champions
  • 8 teams eliminated from Europa League second qualifying round
Play-off round
Champions
(10 teams)
  • 4 winners from the third qualifying round for champions
  • 6 teams eliminated from Europa League third qualifying round for champions
Non-champions
(38 teams)
  • 5 domestic league sixth-placed teams from associations 1–5 (EFL Cup winners for England)
  • 26 winners from the third qualifying round for non-champions
  • 7 teams eliminated from Europa League third qualifying round for non-champions
League phase
(36 teams)
  • 5 winners from the play-off round for champions
  • 19 winners from the play-off round for non-champions
  • 12 teams eliminated from Europa League play-off round

Changes will be made to the access list above if the Conference League title holder qualifies for the tournament via their domestic leagues.

  • If the Conference League title holders qualify for the league phase via their domestic league's standard berth allocation, the best-ranked club in the qualifying rounds enter the league phase, without leapfrogging, then clubs of associations in the UEFA coefficient ranking are promoted to later qualifying rounds, and teams of the highest-ranked associations in earlier rounds are also promoted accordingly.
  • If the Conference League title holders qualify for the qualifying rounds via their domestic league, their spot in the qualifying rounds is vacated, and teams of the highest-ranked associations in earlier rounds are promoted accordingly.

Prize money

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Similar to the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League, the prize money received by the clubs is divided into fixed payments based on participation and results, and variable amounts that depend on the value of their TV market.[20]

For the 2024–25 season, League Phase participation in the Conference League was awarded a base fee of €3,170,000. A victory in the group pays €400,000 and a draw €133,000. Teams which placed in the top 8 of the League Phase earned €400,000 and progressed automatically to the Round of 16. Teams which placed between 9th and 24th qualified for the knockout round play-offs and earned €200,000. Reaching the knock-out stage triggered additional bonuses: €800,000 for the round of 16, €1,300,000 for the quarter-finals and €2,500,000 for the semi-finals. The losing finalists received €4,000,000 and the champions received €7,000,000.[21]

  • First qualifying round elimination: €150,000 + €175,000 per qualifying round played
  • Second qualifying round elimination: €350,000 + €175,000 per qualifying round played
  • Third qualifying round elimination: €550,000 + €175,000 per qualifying round played
  • Play-off round elimination: €750,000 + €175,000 per qualifying round played
  • Qualified to League Phase: €3,170,000
  • Match won in League Phase: €400,000
  • Match drawn in League Phase: €133,000
  • 1st–8th in League Phase: €400,000
  • 9th–24th in League Phase: €200,000
  • Round of 16: €800,000
  • Quarter-final: €1,300,000
  • Semi-final: €2,500,000
  • Runner-up: €4,000,000
  • Champion: €7,000,000

Additionally, each domestic champion not qualifying for the League Phase of any tournament received an additional €260,000.

Each club which qualifies for the League Phase will also receive a bonus payment based on their league ranking. The total amount initially available for the league ranking bonus is €18,648,000 divided into 666 equal shares of €28,000. As €400,000 is available for each match played in the league phase, for every draw in the League Phase, €133,000 is unallocated and is added to the total league ranking bonus fund, increasing the value of each share. The team that finishes 1st in the League Phase receives 36 shares, with the amount of shares received falling by 1 for each subsequent position, with the 36th place team receiving a single share.

Records and statistics

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Performances by club

[edit]
Performance in the UEFA Conference League by club
Club Winners Runners-up Years won Years runner-up
Italy Roma 1 0 2022
England West Ham United 1 0 2023
Greece Olympiacos 1 0 2024
Italy Fiorentina 0 2 2023, 2024
Netherlands Feyenoord 0 1 2022

Performances by nation

[edit]
Performance in finals by nation
Nation Winners Runners-up Total
 Italy 1 2 3
 England 1 0 1
 Greece 1 0 1
 Netherlands 0 1 1

Number of participating clubs of the Conference League

[edit]

The following is a list of clubs that have played or will be playing in the Conference League league phase (group stage prior to the 2024–25 season).

Nation No. Clubs Seasons
Belgium Belgium (5) 4 Gent 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25
1 Anderlecht 2022–23
1 Club Brugge 2023–24
1 Genk 2023–24
1 Cercle Brugge 2024–25
Czech Republic Czech Republic (5) 2 Slavia Prague 2021–22, 2022–23
1 Jablonec 2021–22
1 Slovácko 2022–23
1 Viktoria Plzeň 2023–24
1 Mladá Boleslav 2024–25
Cyprus Cyprus (5) 2 Omonia 2021–22, 2024–25
1 Anorthosis 2021–22
1 Apollon Limassol 2022–23
1 APOEL 2024–25
1 Pafos 2024–25
Denmark Denmark (4) 2 Copenhagen 2021–22, 2024–25
1 Randers 2021–22
1 Silkeborg 2022–23
1 Nordsjælland 2023–24
Turkey Turkey (4) 2 İstanbul Başakşehir 2022–23, 2024–25
1 Sivasspor 2022–23
1 Fenerbahçe 2023–24
1 Beşiktaş 2023–24
England England (4) 1 Tottenham Hotspur 2021–22
1 West Ham United 2022–23
1 Aston Villa 2023–24
1 Chelsea 2024–25
Germany Germany (4) 1 Union Berlin 2021–22
1 1. FC Köln 2022–23
1 Eintracht Frankfurt 2023–24
1 1. FC Heidenheim 2024–25
Netherlands Netherlands (3) 3 AZ 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24
1 Feyenoord 2021–22
1 Vitesse 2021–22
Switzerland Switzerland (3) 2 Basel 2021–22, 2022–23
2 Lugano 2023–24, 2024–25
1 St. Gallen 2024–25
Israel Israel (3) 2 Maccabi Tel Aviv 2021–22, 2023–24
1 Maccabi Haifa 2021–22
1 Hapoel Be'er Sheva 2022–23
Serbia Serbia (3) 2 Partizan 2021–22, 2022–23
1 Čukarički 2023–24
1 TSC 2024–25
Austria Austria (3) 2 LASK 2021–22, 2024–25
1 Austria Wien 2022–23
1 Rapid Wien 2024–25
Slovenia Slovenia (3) 2 Olimpija Ljubljana 2023–24, 2024–25
1 Mura 2021–22
1 Celje 2024–25
Poland Poland (3) 2 Legia Warsaw 2023–24, 2024–25
1 Lech Poznań 2022–23
1 Jagiellonia Białystok 2024–25
France France (3) 1 Rennes 2021–22
1 Nice 2022–23
1 Lille 2023–24
Armenia Armenia (3) 1 Alashkert 2021–22
1 Pyunik 2022–23
1 Noah 2024–25
Slovakia Slovakia (2) 3 Slovan Bratislava 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24
1 Spartak Trnava 2023–24
Italy Italy (2) 3 Fiorentina 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25
1 Roma 2021–22
Norway Norway (2) 2 Bodø/Glimt 2021–22, 2023–24
2 Molde 2022–23, 2024–25
Romania Romania (2) 2 CFR Cluj 2021–22, 2022–23
1 FCSB 2022–23
Ukraine Ukraine (2) 2 Zorya Luhansk 2021–22, 2023–24
1 Dnipro-1 2022–23
Greece Greece (2) 2 PAOK 2021–22, 2023–24
1 Panathinaikos 2024–25
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan (2) 2 Astana 2023–24, 2024–25
1 Kairat 2021–22
Scotland Scotland (2) 2 Heart of Midlothian 2022–23, 2024–25
1 Aberdeen 2023–24
Bulgaria Bulgaria (2) 1 CSKA Sofia 2021–22
1 Ludogorets Razgrad 2023–24
Spain Spain (2) 1 Villarreal 2022–23
1 Real Betis 2024–25
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina (2) 1 Zrinjski Mostar 2023–24
1 Borac Banja Luka 2024–25
Iceland Iceland (2) 1 Breiðablik 2023–24
1 Víkingur Reykjavík 2024–25
Finland Finland (1) 3 HJK 2021–22, 2023–24, 2024–25
Kosovo Kosovo (1) 2 Ballkani 2022–23, 2023–24
Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland (1) 2 Shamrock Rovers 2022–23, 2024–25
Sweden Sweden (1) 2 Djurgårdens IF 2022–23, 2024–25
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (1) 1 Qarabağ 2021–22
Estonia Estonia (1) 1 Flora 2021–22
Gibraltar Gibraltar (1) 1 Lincoln Red Imps 2021–22
Latvia Latvia (1) 1 RFS 2022–23
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (1) 1 Vaduz 2022–23
Lithuania Lithuania (1) 1 Žalgiris 2022–23
Croatia Croatia (1) 1 Dinamo Zagreb 2023–24
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands (1) 1 2023–24
Hungary Hungary (1) 1 Ferencváros 2023–24
Belarus Belarus (1) 1 Dinamo Minsk 2024–25
Moldova Moldova (1) 1 Petrocub Hîncești 2024–25
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland (1) 1 Larne 2024–25
Portugal Portugal (1) 1 Vitória de Guimarães 2024–25
Wales Wales (1) 1 The New Saints 2024–25

Season in Bold: Team qualified for knockout phase

Most goals

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As of 29 May 2024[22]
Players taking part in the 2024–25 UEFA Conference League are highlighted in bold.
Players still active but not in this year's Conference League are highlighted in italics.
The table below does not include goals scored in the qualification phase of the competition.
Rank Player Goals Apps Ratio Years Club(s) (Goals/Apps)
1 Israel Eran Zahavi 12 14 0.86 2021– PSV Eindhoven (4/6), Maccabi Tel Aviv (8/8)
Brazil Arthur Cabral 20 0.6 2021– Basel (5/6), Fiorentina (7/14)
Greece Vangelis Pavlidis 21 0.57 2021– AZ
4 Morocco Ayoub El Kaabi 11 9 1.22 2023– Olympiacos
5 Nigeria Gift Orban 10 11 0.91 2022– Gent
Nigeria Cyriel Dessers 13 0.77 2021– Feyenoord
7 England Tammy Abraham 9 13 0.69 2021– Roma
Belgium Hugo Cuypers 16 0.56 2022– Gent
Serbia Aleksandar Čavrić 20 0.45 2021– Slovan Bratislava
10 Cape Verde Ricardo Gomes 8 16 0.5 2021– Partizan
France Gaëtan Laborde 17 0.47 2021– Rennes (5/7), Nice (3/10)
Norway Amahl Pellegrino 19 0.42 2021– Bodø/Glimt
Czech Republic Antonín Barák 22 0.36 2022– Fiorentina

Other records

[edit]


Awards

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Starting from the first edition of the competition, UEFA introduced an award that will presumably now be called the UEFA Conference League Player of the Season award, having previously been the UEFA Europa Conference League Player of the Season award prior to the renaming of the league.

The jury is composed of the coaches of the clubs which participate in the league phase (group stage prior to 2024-25 season) of the competition, together with 55 journalists selected by the European Sports Media (ESM) group, one from each UEFA member association.

Pellegrini, the first winner of the Player of the Season award in 2022
Winners
Season Player Club
UEFA Europa Conference League Player of the Season
2021–22 Italy Lorenzo Pellegrini Italy Roma
2022–23 England Declan Rice England West Ham United
2023–24 Morocco Ayoub El Kaabi Greece Olympiacos
UEFA Conference League Player of the Season
2024–25

In the same season, UEFA also introduced what will likely now be called the UEFA Conference League Young Player of the Season award (previously the UEFA Europa Conference League Young Player of the Season').

Winners
Season Player Club
UEFA Europa Conference League Young Player of the Season
2021–22 Colombia Luis Sinisterra Netherlands Feyenoord
2022–23 France Andy Diouf Switzerland Basel
2023–24 Brazil Igor Thiago Belgium Club Brugge
UEFA Conference League Young Player of the Season
2024–25

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ From Champions League first qualifying round to Conference League second qualifying round.
  2. ^ From Champions League second qualifying round to Europa League third qualifying round, and then to Conference League play-off round.
  3. ^ Excluding three relegations from Europa League third qualifying round out of five runners-up from associations 10–15 and three cup winners from associations 13–15.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Distribution to clubs from the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA Conference League and the UEFA Super Cup for the 2024–27 cycle (2024/25 season). Payments for the qualifying phases. Solidarity payments for non-participating clubs" (PDF). UEFA Circular Letter. Union of European Football Associations. 22 March 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024. We are pleased to provide you with information about the distribution of commercial revenues from the 2024/25 UEFA Champions League (UCL), UEFA Europa League (UEL) and UEFA Conference League (UECL) and the 2024 UEFA Super Cup (SCUP).
  2. ^ "'Europa League 2': Uefa confirms new tournament from 2021". BBC Sport. 2 December 2018. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "UEFA Executive Committee approves new club competition". UEFA.com (Press release). Union of European Football Associations. 2 December 2018. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  4. ^ "Uefa ponders third competition beneath Champions League and Europa League". The Guardian. Associated Press. 16 September 2015. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  5. ^ "Uefa set to introduce third European club competition from 2021–22". The Guardian. PA Media. 11 September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  6. ^ "Format change for 2020/21 UEFA Nations League". UEFA.com (Press release). Union of European Football Associations. 24 September 2019. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  7. ^ "UEFA Europa Conference League – What Do the Winners Get?". UEFA. 1 September 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  8. ^ "Mosta vs Spartak Trnava – stats, H2H, lineups". FotMob. 6 July 2021. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  9. ^ "Who Scored the First Goals in UEFA's Competitions?". UEFA Europa Conference League. Union of European Football Association. 14 September 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  10. ^ "Harry Kane marvels at bonus Europa Conference League hat-trick | Football News". Sky Sports. 1 October 2021. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  11. ^ "Hein the GOAT Vanhaezebrouck: 'A serial winner who has brought Gent to life'". BBC Sport. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  12. ^ Magee, Will (3 November 2022). "West Ham Score Three to Beat FCSB, Secure Perfect Europa Conference League Run and Top Group". eurosport.co.uk. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  13. ^ Burrows, Ben (28 June 2023). "UEFA Europa Conference League to be renamed". The Athletic. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  14. ^ "UEFA Europa Conference League to be renamed UEFA Conference League next season | UEFA Europa Conference League". UEFA.com. 28 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  15. ^ Grez, Matias (30 May 2024). "Olympiacos makes Greek history with victory over Fiorentina in Conference League final". CNN. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  16. ^ "UEFA Europa Conference League trophy – what do the winners get?". UEFA.com. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  17. ^ a b c "UEL2 Access List 2021–24" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 2 December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  18. ^ "Champions League, Europa League and Conference League league phase draws: All you need to know about the European Club Football Season Kick-off in Monaco". uefa.com. UEFA.
  19. ^ "UEFA approves final format and access list for its club competitions as of the 2024/25 season". Return to Play. UEFA. 10 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022.
  20. ^ "uefadirect 7/09" (PDF). p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2020.
  21. ^ "Distribution to clubs from the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA Conference League and the UEFA Super Cup for the 2024–27 cycle (2024/25 season). Payments for the qualifying phases. Solidarity payments for non-participating clubs" (PDF). UEFA.com (Press release). Union of European Football Associations. 22 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  22. ^ "Conference League » All-time Topscorers » rank 1 - 50". WorldFootball.net. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  23. ^ "Football API - stats and data". Statorium. 8 November 2024.
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