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The Yale Club of New York City, founded 1897, the largest gentlemen's club in the world

The following is a list of notable traditional gentlemen's clubs in the United States, including those that are now defunct. Historically, these clubs were exclusively for men,[1] but most (though not all) now admit women.

On exclusivity and assimilation into the upper class

Christopher Doob wrote in his book Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society: “The most exclusive social clubs are in the oldest cities – Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C. Others, which are well respected, have developed in such major cities as Pittsburgh, Chicago, and San Francisco. The most exclusive social clubs are two in New York City – the Links and the Knickerbocker (Allen 1987,25)” [2]

Doob further explains: “Personal wealth has never been the sole basis for attaining membership in exclusive clubs. The individual and family must meet the admissions committee’s standards for values and behavior. Old money prevails over new money as the Rockefeller family experience suggests. John D. Rockefeller, the family founder and the nation’s first billionaire, joined the Union League Club, a fairly respectable but not top-level club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., belonged to the University Club, a step up from his father; and finally his son John D. Rockefeller, III, reached the pinnacle with his acceptance into the Knickerbocker Club (Baltzell 1989, 340).” [2]

E. Digby Baltzell explains in his book Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class: “The circulation of elites in America and the assimilation of new men of power and influence into the upper class takes place primarily through the medium of urban clubdom. Aristocracy of birth is replaced by an aristocracy of ballot. Frederick Lewis Allen showed how this process operated in the case of the nine “Lords of Creation” who were listed in the New York Social Register as of 1905: ‘The nine men who were listed [in the Social Register] were recorded as belonging to 9.4 clubs apiece,’ wrote Allen. ‘Though only two of them, Morgan and Vanderbilt, belonged to the Knickerbocker Club (the citadel of Patrician families) [indeed, both already belonged to old prominent families], Stillman and Harriman joined these two in the membership of the almost equally fashionable Union Club; Baker joined these four in the membership of the Metropolitan Club of New York (Magnificent, but easier of access to new wealth); John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, and Rogers, along with Morgan and Baker were listed as members of the Union League Club (the stronghold of Republican respectability); seven of the group belonged to the New York Yacht Club. Morgan belonged to nineteen clubs in all; Vanderbilt, to fifteen; Harriman, to fourteen.’ Allen then goes on to show how the descendants of these financial giants were assimilated into the upper class: ‘By way of footnote, it may be added that although in that year [1905] only two of our ten financiers belonged to the Knickerbocker Club, in 1933 the grandsons of six of them did. The following progress is characteristic: John D. Rockefeller, Union League Club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., University Club; John D. Rockefeller 3rd, Knickerbocker Club. Thus is the American aristocracy recruited.'” [3]

History

The traditional gentlemen's club originated in London (in particular the St. James's area) in the 18th century as a successor to coffeehouses.[1] Today, these clubs also continue to operate in the United States. The five oldest existing American clubs are the South River Club in South River, Maryland (c.1690/1700), the Schuylkill Fishing Company in Andalusia, Pennsylvania (1732), the Old Colony Club in Plymouth, Massachusetts (1769), The Philadelphia Club in Philadelphia (1834), and the Union Club of the City of New York in New York City (1836).[1] The Boston Club, of New Orleans, named after the card game and not the city, is the oldest southern club, founded in 1841 and recently celebrated its 175th Anniversary (2016).[4] The five oldest existing clubs west of the Mississippi River are the Pacific Club in Honolulu (1851), the Pacific-Union Club (1852), Olympic Club (1860), and Concordia-Argonaut Club (1864), all in San Francisco, and the Arlington Club in Portland, Oregon (1867).

Present day

While most major American cities today have at least one gentlemen's club, they are most prevalent in older cities, especially those on the East Coast.[1] As detailed below, only thirteen American cities have five or more such clubs: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. Also as detailed below, New York City contains more than any other American city, including the Yale Club of New York City, the largest traditional gentlemen's club in the world.[5] Throughout the country, though, many clubs have reciprocal relationships with the older clubs in London, with each other, and with other gentlemen's clubs around the world.

A few American gentlemen's clubs maintain separate "city" and "country" clubhouses, essentially functioning as both a traditional gentlemen's club in one location and a country club in another: the Piedmont Driving Club in Atlanta, the Wisconsin Club in Milwaukee,[6] the New York Athletic Club in New York City, the Union League of Philadelphia, the Missouri Athletic Club in St. Louis, and the Olympic Club in San Francisco. Similarly, the Jonathan Club in Los Angeles functions as a traditional gentlemen's club in one location and a beach club in another.

Because the term "gentlemen's club" is commonly used in the United States to refer euphemistically to strip clubs, traditional gentlemen's clubs often are referred to as "men's clubs" or "city clubs" (as opposed to country clubs) or simply as "private social clubs" or just "private clubs". For other meanings and nuances of the word "club", see club.

List

Alabama

  • Birmingham
    • The Birmingham Athletic Club (1886–1926), became insolvent[7]
    • The Birmingham Athletic Club (1999–2009), became insolvent[8]
    • The Club (1951)[9][10]
    • The Phoenix Club (1883–1926), moved to Shades Mountain and became a country club[11]
    • The Southern Club (1883-1931), became insolvent[12]
  • Mobile
    • The Athelstan Club (1875)[13]
    • The Bienville Club (1967–2013), became insolvent[14]
    • The International Trade Club (1966-2009), became insolvent[15]
  • Tuscaloosa
    • The University Club of the University of Alabama (1944)[16][17]

Alaska

Arizona

  • The University Club of Arizona State University
    The University Club of Arizona State University

Arkansas

California

  • San Jose
    • The Metropolitan University Club (1936-1990), created from merger of previous Metropolitan Social & Athletic Club (1936) and University Club of San Jose (1957), became insolvent[66]
    • The Sainte Claire Club (1895)[66][67]
    • The Silicon Valley Athletic Club (1981), until 2012 called the San Jose Athletic Club[66][68][69]
  • The Sainte Claire Club
    The Sainte Claire Club
  • The University Club of Santa Barbara
    The University Club of Santa Barbara

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

  • Wilmington
    • The Wilmington Club (1855)[99]
    • The University Club of Wilmington (1924-1958), merged with the Wilmington Whist Club to become the University and Whist Club[99]
    • The University and Whist Club (1891)[99][100]
  • The Wilmington Club
    The Wilmington Club

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

  • The Oglethorpe Club
    The Oglethorpe Club

Hawaii

  • Honolulu
    • The Commercial Club (1906-1963), became insolvent[148]
    • The Pacific Club (1851)[148][149]
    • The University Club of Honolulu (1905-1930), merged into the Pacific Club[148]
    • Outrigger Canoe Club (1908)

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

  • Bloomington
    • The University Club of Indiana University (1958)[170]
  • Evansville
    • The Evansville Petroleum Club (1948-2006), became insolvent[171]
  • Fort Wayne
    • The Summit Club (~1967-2008), became insolvent[172]
  • Indianapolis
    • The Antelope Club (1947) [173]
    • The Columbia Club (1889)[174]
    • The Indianapolis Athletic Club (1920-2004), became insolvent[175]
    • The Indianapolis Press Club (1934-2004), became insolvent, but still operates a charitable foundation[176]
    • IUPUI University Club (1988) [177]
    • The University Club of Indianapolis (1893)[178]
    • The Marion Club (1888-1928), became insolvent and sold clubhouse [179]
  • New Albany
    • The Calumet Club (1919-1932), ceased existence but held reunions up until 1975[180]
  • South Bend
    • The Summit Club (1967-2012), became insolvent[181]

Iowa

  • Des Moines
    • The Des Moines Club (1909-2002), merged with the Embassy Club to become the Des Moines Embassy Club[184]
    • The Des Moines Embassy Club (1909), formed in 2002 from the merger of the Embassy Club and Des Moines Club[184][185]
    • The Embassy Club (1946-2002), merged with the Des Moines Club to become the Des Moines Embassy Club[184]
  • Iowa City
    • The University Club of Iowa City (1917-2018)[186][187]

Kansas

Kentucky

  • Owensboro
    • The Campbell Club (1959) - Permanently closed on December 21, 2018 [205]
  • The Campbell Club
    The Campbell Club

Louisiana

  • The City Club of Baton Rouge
    The City Club of Baton Rouge
  • The Boston Club
    The Boston Club
  • The Chess, Checkers, & Whist Club (1883-1932)
    The Chess, Checkers, & Whist Club (1883-1932)
  • The Harmony Club (1896-1930)
    The Harmony Club (1896-1930)
  • Shreveport
    • The Cambridge Club (1982-2009), became insolvent[223]
    • The Petroleum Club of Shreveport (1948)[224][225]
    • The Shreveport Club (1946)[223][226]
    • The University Club of Shreveport (1979-2011), became insolvent[223]

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

  • The Kitchi Gammi Club
    The Kitchi Gammi Club
  • The University Club of Saint Paul
    The University Club of Saint Paul

Mississippi

Missouri

  • The Whittemore House Club
    The Whittemore House Club
  • The Benton Club
    The Benton Club
  • The Missouri Athletic Club
    The Missouri Athletic Club
  • The Racquet Club of St. Louis
    The Racquet Club of St. Louis
  • The St. Louis Club (1899–1925)
    The St. Louis Club (1899–1925)
  • The University Club of St. Louis (1917–1974)
    The University Club of St. Louis (1917–1974)

Montana

The Montana Club's 1905 building

Nebraska

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

  • The Toledo Club
    The Toledo Club

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

  • The University Club of State College
    The University Club of State College

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

  • The Fort Worth Club
    The Fort Worth Club

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

  • The Spokane Club
    The Spokane Club

Wisconsin

  • The Madison Club
    The Madison Club

Wyoming

  • Casper
    • The Casper Petroleum Club (1949-2016), closed permanently on October 1, 2016 [602][603]

See also

Further reading

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Whitaker's Almanack 2008. A&C Black. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7136-8554-1.
  2. ^ a b Doob, Christopher (27 August 2015). Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society. ISBN 9781317344216.
  3. ^ Digby Baltzell, E. (31 December 2011). Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class. ISBN 9781412830751.
  4. ^ https://specialcollections.tulane.edu/archon/?p=collections/findingaid&id=44
  5. ^ a b Yale Club of New York City - About the Club
  6. ^ a b Tom Daykin, "Brynwood joins Wisconsin Club: Private clubs will share name, facilities purchase is possible," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Oct. 20, 2009)
  7. ^ "The Birmingham Athletic Club, Birmingham's Premier Sports Venue of the Early 1900s," Jefferson County Historical Association Newsletter (July 2013)
  8. ^ Michael Tomberlin, "High-end club ordered to pay bank," Birmingham News (Nov. 18, 2009)
  9. ^ The Club (Birmingham) (official site) Archived 2008-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Hannah Wolfson, "Conflict over changes continues at The Club," Birmingham News (Jan. 25, 2008)
  11. ^ Bham Wiki, "Phoenix Club" (retrieved Mar. 24, 2014)
  12. ^ T.H. Benners, Jr., "Birmingham's Southern Club," 19 Alabama Review 233-37 (July 1966)
  13. ^ http://athelstanclub.org/subpage.asp?pageID=64
  14. ^ Michael Brannon, "Bienville Club to close its doors," FOX10TV.com (May 28, 2013) Archived June 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Kaija Wilkinson, "Mobile's International Trade Club closes after 40-plus years," Mobile Press-Register (Apr. 30, 2009)
  16. ^ University Club of the University of Alabama (official site)
  17. ^ "University Club," Tuscaloosaparanormal.com (retrieved June 19, 2013)
  18. ^ Petroleum Club of Anchorage (official site) Archived 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Dermot Cole, "North to the Future: The Alaska Story 1959–2009" (Epicenter: 2008)
  20. ^ a b Andrew Johnson, "Arizona Club may close its facilities at the top of Chase Tower", Arizona Republic (Aug. 25, 2009)
  21. ^ Lynn Ducey, "Arizona Club closing at Chase, seeking partnership," Phoenix Business Journal (Aug. 25, 2009)
  22. ^ University Club of Phoenix (official site)
  23. ^ University Club of Arizona State University (official site)
  24. ^ City of Tempe Historic Preservation, "Administration/Science Building (University Club)" (Retrieved June 19, 2013) Archived June 24, 2013, at archive.today
  25. ^ Mountain Oyster Club (official site)
  26. ^ Richard Ducote, "Downtown Institution Moves East," Arizona Daily Star (May 14, 2003)
  27. ^ Little Rock Club (official site)
  28. ^ David Margolick, "Elizabeth and Hazel: Two Women of Little Rock" (Yale: 2011)
  29. ^ Petroleum Club of Bakersfield (official site)
  30. ^ James Burger, "Bakersfield, Calif., Petroleum Club to Move Location," Bakersfield Californian (Aug. 14, 2002)
  31. ^ Berkeley Faculty Club (official site)
  32. ^ "NPS #82004641: Approved NRHP nomination of the Berkeley Faculty Club," Nps.gov (retrieved June 19, 2013)
  33. ^ "Gabriel Dillard, "After 50 years, The Downtown Club in Fresno closes," Fresno Business Journal (Feb. 6, 2013)". Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
  34. ^ Long Beach Petroleum Club (official site)
  35. ^ "Iconic Petroleum Club honored," Long Beach Press-Telegram (July 7, 2008)
  36. ^
      • The Hollywood Athletic Club (1928-1955)
    Stephen Ceasar, "Members-only Regency Club to close after 30 years," Los Angeles Times (Feb. 25, 2011)
  37. ^ E.S. Bates, "What's Inside Counts," Los Angeles Times (Aug. 24, 1992)
  38. ^ Pacheco Club (official site)
  39. ^ Christine Delsol, "Citrus tints fall colors in Fresno County," San Francisco Chronicle (Nov. 26, 2006)
  40. ^ Pacific Club (official site)
  41. ^ Andrew Edwards, "Pacific Club Torn Down," Daily Pilot (Jan. 04, 2006)
  42. ^ Belleveue Club (official site)
  43. ^ "Bellevue Club marks 80 years," Alameda Times-Star (Feb. 26, 2009)
  44. ^ Debra Levi Holtz, "Oakland City Club Going, Going ... Closure, Auction Attest to Changing Society," San Francisco Chronicle (Aug. 24, 2000)
  45. ^ Stanford Faculty Club (official site)
  46. ^ Nancy Rue, "Pascal's Wager" (Random House: 2011)
  47. ^ University Club of Palo Alto (official site)
  48. ^ John Reid, "Maddy," Palo Alto Daily News (May 20, 2011)
  49. ^ Janette Williams, "The end of an era," Pasadena Star-News (Mar. 9, 2007)
  50. ^ University Club of Pasadena (official site)
  51. ^ Jesse Katz, "Move to Admit Women Splits Claremont Club: Time Poaches on a Male Preserve," Los Angeles Times (Mar. 15, 1987)
  52. ^ Sutter Club (official site)
  53. ^ Allen Pierleoni, "Counter Culture: The exclusive Sutter Club," Sacramento Bee (Sept. 7, 2012) Archived 2012-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ^ Faculty Club (San Diego) (official site)
  55. ^ "Faculty Club Celebrates Staff with April Membership Promotion," States News Service (Mar. 27, 2012)
  56. ^ University Club of San Diego (official site)
  57. ^ Roger Showley, "University Club: The ultimate in networking central," San Diego Union-Tribune (Feb. 23, 2011)
  58. ^ Cercle de l'Union (official site)
  59. ^ Lawrence Kinnaird, "History of the Greater San Francisco Bay Region" (Lewis Historical Publishing: 1966)
  60. ^ City Club of San Francisco (official site)
  61. ^ Rebecca Cook, "Posh City Clubs Loosen Their Ties to Stay Alive," Los Angeles Times (July 28, 2002)
  62. ^ Concordia-Argonaut Club (official site)
  63. ^ "S.F.'s Concordia Argonaut Club Board Urges Admitting Women," Los Angeles Times (June 17, 1987)
  64. ^ Villa Taverna (official site)
  65. ^ Catherine Bigelow, "Villa Taverna club celebrates 50 years," San Francisco Chronicle (Sept. 13, 2009)
  66. ^ a b c Dave O'Brian, "View from the Top: A Pricey, Private Club Aims to Make San Jose Silicon Valley's Capital," San Jose Mercury News (Nov. 12, 1990)
  67. ^ "Buena Vista Neighborhood Association, "San Jose: Then and Now", retrieved 08-17-2011". Archived from the original on 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
  68. ^ Silicon Valley Athletic Club (official site)
  69. ^ Sal Pizarro, "'Man Jose' No More: Events Target Women" (July 29, 2012)
  70. ^ "Faculty Club (Santa Barbara)". Archived from the original on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
  71. ^ "The wild, wondrous imagination of Charles W. Moore," Smithsonian (June 1, 1984)
  72. ^ Santa Barbara Club (official site)
  73. ^ "Santa Barbara Club," Santa Barbara Independent (retrieved July 1, 2013)
  74. ^ a b Elena Gray-Blanc, "Private, But Not Exclusive," Santa Barbara Independent (Apr. 12, 2008) (retrieved July 1, 2013)
  75. ^ University Club of Santa Barbara (official site)
  76. ^ Michael Fitzgerald, "Elegant Stockton men's club recalls another era," San Joaquin Record (June 23, 2010)
  77. ^ "Leigh Johnsen, "The Yosemite Club Closes Its Doors," sanjoaquinhistory.org (Jan. 19, 2011) (retrieved July 1, 2013)". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  78. ^ El Paso Club (official site)
  79. ^ Dave Philipps, "El Paso Club votes to deny women entry," Colorado Springs Gazette (July 11, 2011)
  80. ^ The Cactus Club, "100, the Cactus Club Centennial, 1911-2011" (Club Press 2011) men only; serving lunch daily
  81. ^ Denver Athletic Club (official site)
  82. ^ Henry Dubroff, "Prestigious Denver Club to Close," Denver Post (Mar. 14, 1995)
  83. ^ Denver Petroleum Club (official site) Archived 2013-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
  84. ^ Howard Pankratz, "Petroleum Club eager to build on history," Denver Post (Sept. 10, 2007)
  85. ^ Denver Press Club (official site)
  86. ^ "The Denver Press Club," The Denver History Minute (Aug. 26, 2013)
  87. ^ University Club of Denver (official site)
  88. ^ Gary Massaro, "University Club Opens to Women," Denver Rocky Mountain News (Dec. 21, 1990)
  89. ^ Field Club of Greenwich (official site)
  90. ^ Roger Bullard, "A Century at the Field Club of Greenwich: 1908–2008" (Capital Offset: 2008)
  91. ^ a b Graduate Club (official site)
  92. ^ "Two venerable New Haven social clubs merging," Hartford Business Journal (Sept. 19, 2012)
  93. ^ a b Paul Bass, "Q, Grad Clubs Merging; A New Power Lunch Era," New Haven Independent (Sept. 19, 2012)
  94. ^ New Haven Lawn Club (official site)
  95. ^ Quinnipiack Club (official site)
  96. ^ Thames Club (official site)
  97. ^ Kathleen Edgecomb, "Thames Club carries on in style," Associated Press (Feb. 1, 2009)
  98. ^ Ann Marie Somma, "Hartford Club Reinventing Itself," Hartford Business Journal (May 29, 2012)
  99. ^ a b c Bob Yearick, "Welcome to the Club," Delaware Today (Dec. 14, 2010)
  100. ^ University and Whist Club (official site)
  101. ^ Army and Navy Club (DC) (official site)
  102. ^ City Tavern Club (Washington, D.C.) (official site)
  103. ^ The George Town Club (official site) Archived 2012-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
  104. ^ Alix Pianin, "George Town Club Leaders Recruit Young Professionals," Georgetown Current (Feb. 20, 2013)
  105. ^ Glover, Charles C., III (1962) "A Brief History of the Metropolitan Club" Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C. vols 60-62 pp. 266–277
  106. ^ "The University Club," DCConfidential.com (Mar. 7, 2008) (retrieved July 2, 2013)
  107. ^ "Home - Sulgrave Club". www.sulgraveclub.org. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  108. ^ University Club of Washington, D.C. (official site)
  109. ^ Carla Hall, "One for The Women: University Club Amends Membership Bylaws," Washington Post (June 21, 1984)
  110. ^ https://www.facebook.com/david.montgomery.5682944. "From ladies' club to luxury apartments: The Washington Club bids Dupont Circle farewell". Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-10-24. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help); External link in |last= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  111. ^ River Club (Jacksonville) (official site)
  112. ^ Christopher Calnan, "River Club project in Jacksonville, Fla., to double initial cost," Florida Times-Union (Oct. 7, 2004)
  113. ^ [1]
  114. ^ Bankers Club (Miami) (official site)
  115. ^ Ted Reed, "Bankers Club the First to Let Everybody In," Miami Herald (Apr. 16, 1990)
  116. ^ a b c d e Yudislaidy Fernandez, "Downtown Miami social clubs making adjustments in tough economy," MiamiTodayNews.com (Aug. 6, 2009)
  117. ^ Ted Reed, "Elegant Brickell Club Shuts Down," Miami Herald (June 17, 1995)
  118. ^ Oscar Pedro Musibay, "Miami City Club shutters," South Florida Business Journal (Jan. 21, 2011)
  119. ^ Ted Reed, "University Club: The One with No Women Members," Miami Herald (Apr. 16, 1990)
  120. ^ Laura Layden, "Church buys Collier Athletic Club," Naplesnews.com (Nov. 18, 2010)
  121. ^ University Club of Orlando (official site)
  122. ^ Beth Kassab, "University Club tweaks its image," Orlando Sentinel (Nov. 16, 2009)
  123. ^ "North Palm's private City Club quietly closes," Palm Beach Post (Jan. 29, 2010)
  124. ^ Kevin McQuaid, "Sarasota's University Club closes its doors," Sarasota Herald-Tribune (June 22, 2009)
  125. ^ Surf Club (official site)
  126. ^ Andres Viglucci, "Renovation of Surf Club, where Winston Churchill painted, goes to Surfside Commission Monday," Miami Herald (Oct. 14, 2012)
  127. ^ Governor's Club (official site)
  128. ^ "Take a peek inside the mysterious Governor's Club," Tallahassee Democrat (July 6, 2010)
  129. ^ Tampa Club (official site)
  130. ^ Amy Scherzer, "Tampa Club gets new look," St Petersburg Times (Nov. 17, 2006)
  131. ^ University Club of Tampa (official site)
  132. ^ Susan H. Thompson, "University Club's Glass Ceiling is Gone," Tampa Tribune (May 5, 2000)
  133. ^ Cherokee Town and Country Club (official site)
  134. ^ "Atlanta's Most Prestigious Private Clubs," Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Apr. 23, 1989)
  135. ^ Georgian Club (official site)
  136. ^ Jeff Levick, "Rhoden develops city's first suburban club," Atlanta Business Chronicle (June 17, 1991)
  137. ^ Peachtree Club (official site)
  138. ^ Pamela Howell, "Peachtree Club opens in midtown community," Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Apr. 6, 1989)
  139. ^ Pinnacle Club (official site)
  140. ^ "Damon Cline, "Pinnacle Club sees resurgence as it turns 35," Augusta Chronicle (Aug. 4, 2002)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  141. ^ Skippy Davis, "Coming of age: City Club of Macon has come a long way since it opened 9 years ago," Macon Telegraph (May 7, 2001)
  142. ^ Linda S. Morris, "City Club of Macon closes," Macon Telegraph (June 12, 2008)
  143. ^ Chatham Club (official site)
  144. ^ Phinizy Spalding, Harvey H. Jackson, "Oglethorpe in Perspective: Georgia's Founder After Two Hundred Years" (University of Alabama: 2006)
  145. ^ Oglethorpe Club (official site)
  146. ^ Visit Historic Savannah, "Historic Oglethorpe Club," retrieved 08-17-2011
  147. ^ "Becoming Southern: the Jews of Savannah, Georgia, 1830-70," American Jewish History (Dec. 30, 2008)
  148. ^ a b c C. S. Papacostas, "Ha'Alelea Lawn's Fate" ASCE-Hawaii (May 2013)
  149. ^ Pacific Club (official site)
  150. ^ Arid Club (official site)
  151. ^ "A new classic: Inside the transformation of Boise's historic Arid Club," Idaho Statesman (Feb. 5, 2009)
  152. ^ Shia Kapos, "Taking Names: Casino Club names Sarah Potter as new executive director" Crain's Chicago Business (Dec. 14, 2009)
  153. ^ Katie Parsons, "Rundown Chicago Athletic Association Building To Be Hotel," Chicago Chamber of Commerce (July 23, 2012) Archived January 19, 2013, at archive.today
  154. ^ Cliff Dwellers (official site)
  155. ^ Bilow, Irving C. and Barnard, Harry (1969) The Standard Club's First Hundred Years 1869-1969 Standard Club of Chicago, Chicago, OCLC 2653953
  156. ^ Holton, Lisa (2008) "For Members Only: A History and Guide to Chicago's Oldest Private Clubs" Lake Claremont Press, Chicago, ISBN 978-1-893121-28-7
  157. ^ Decatur Club (official site)
  158. ^ Dayle Cochran Irwin, "The Decatur Club 1883–2003" (Club Press: 2003)
  159. ^ [2]
  160. ^ Dupage Club (official site)
  161. ^ "The DuPage Club," West Suburban Living Magazine (2013) (retrieved July 2, 2013)
  162. ^ Creve Coeur Club (official site)
  163. ^ "Holling Makes History," Peoria Journal Star (July 9, 2002)
  164. ^ University Club of Rockford (official site)
  165. ^ Paul Anthony Arco, "University Club: A 'Hidden Gem' Celebrates 100 Years," Northwest Quarterly (Fall 2011) (retrieved July 2, 2013)
  166. ^ Sangamo Club (official site)
  167. ^ Julie Cellini, "Changing times at the Sangamo Club: The formerly male-only group names its first female president," Springfield State Journal-Register (July 9, 2000)
  168. ^ Michigan Shores Club (official site)
  169. ^ Kerrie Kennedy, "Your Club or Mine?" Sheridan Road Magazine (Vol. 5, Issue 3) (retrieved July 2, 2013)
  170. ^ University Club of Indiana University (official site)
  171. ^ Bill Medley, "Petroleum Club was once the place to be in Evansville," Indiana Economic Digest (Mar. 16, 2006)
  172. ^ [3]
  173. ^ [4][permanent dead link‍]
  174. ^ Columbia Club (Indianapolis) (official site)
  175. ^ Tom Murphy, "Winona, IAC close," Indianapolis Business Journal (Dec. 27, 2004)
  176. ^ http://www.indianapolismonthly.com/news-opinion/indianapolis-press-club-photos/
  177. ^ [5]
  178. ^ Robert W. Greenleaf, "The University Club of Indianapolis: Its Origin, History and Lore" (University Club of Indianapolis: 1963)
  179. ^ https://historicindianapolis.com/at-your-leisure-the-marion-political-party/
  180. ^ [6]
  181. ^ ""South Bend Summit Club suspending operations indefinitely," WNDU News (May 29, 2012)". Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
  182. ^ Bill Wundram, "Davenport Club returns — sort of," Quad City Times (Dec. 03, 2009)
  183. ^ Outing Club (official site)
  184. ^ a b c J. Boeckman, "Embassy Club readies friendly new home in WDM," Des Moines Register (Aug. 30, 2010)
  185. ^ Des Moines Embassy Club (official site)
  186. ^ University Club of Iowa City
  187. ^ Katie Sims, "Local club embraces area newbies," Daily Iowan (July 17, 2009) (retrieved July 2, 2013)
  188. ^ Hutchinson Town Club (official site)
  189. ^ "New manager looks to enhance Town Club," Hutchinson News (June 13, 2012)
  190. ^ Top of the Tower Club (official site)
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  495. ^ The Charleston Club, A Sketch of the Charleston Club: 1852-1948 (1948)
  496. ^ a b Palmetto Club (official site)
  497. ^ a b Andrew Shain, "Summit, Palmetto dining clubs to merge," Columbia State (Sept. 2, 2010)
  498. ^ Poinsett Club (official site)
  499. ^ Taft Matney, "The Poinsett Club: Embracing Tradition, Moving Ahead" Talk Greenville (Jan. 5, 2007)
  500. ^ City Club of Rock Hill (official site)
  501. ^ Julie Graham, "City Club of Rock Hill," Rock Hill Herald (Dec. 25, 2005)
  502. ^ Piedmont Club (Spartanburg, SC) (official site)
  503. ^ Lori Roberts, "Piedmont Club opened in 1941 to city's men," Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Dec. 30, 1990)
  504. ^ Mountain City Club (official site)
  505. ^ John Shearer, The Mountain City Club - A History (Chattanooga: 1998)
  506. ^ Walden Club (official site)
  507. ^ Ben Benton, "Protesters occupy Chestnut Street in Chattanooga," Chattanooga Times (Oct. 27, 2011)
  508. ^ "Racquet Club of Memphis (official site)". Archived from the original on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  509. ^ a b "Historic Memphis Buildings," Historic-Memphis.com (retrieved June 18, 2013)
  510. ^ "Crescent Club acquires Summit Club membership," Memphis Business Journal (Oct. 27, 2003)
  511. ^ University Club of Memphis (official site)
  512. ^ Lela Garlington, "Jury Awards Damages in Tip Suit: University Club Must Pay $500,000," Memphis Commercial Appeal (Oct. 8, 1996)
  513. ^ Nashville City Club (official site)
  514. ^ "Views, vibe put Nashville City Club high above the rest," Nashville Tennessean (Aug. 26, 2011)
  515. ^ University Club of Nashville (official site)
  516. ^ "Chef's eclectic upbringing seasons University Club menu," Nashville Tennessean (July 11, 2012)
  517. ^ Bill Whitaker, "Petroleum Club’s heyday just a memory now," Abilene Reporter-News (Jan. 10, 2000) Archived 2014-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
  518. ^ Amarillo Club (official site)
  519. ^ Jim McBride, "Rise to the top: Amarillo Club goes from cellar to top of city skyline," Amarillo Globe-News (Nov. 22, 2007)
  520. ^ Austin Club (official site)
  521. ^ Campus Club (Austin, TX) (official site)
  522. ^ Joshua Winata, "U. Texas Campus Club to relocate," Daily Texan (Nov. 1, 2006)
  523. ^ (The University of Texas Club)
  524. ^ (The Headliner's Club of Austin)
  525. ^ Beaumont Club (official site) Archived 2011-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  526. ^ Heather Nolan, "New management hopes to grow The Beaumont Club," Beaumont Enterprise (Dec. 15, 2007)
  527. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  528. ^ "Corpus Christi Town Club tosses a big, fun party," Corpus Christi Caller-Times (Dec. 27, 2009)
  529. ^ City Club (Dallas) (official site)
  530. ^ Candace Carlisle, "Prime Dallas skyscraper vistas are worth every penny," Dallas Business Journal (July 27, 2012)
  531. ^ Dallas Petroleum Club (official site)
  532. ^ Diana Elizabeth Kendall, Members Only: Elite Clubs and the Process of Exclusion (Rowman & Littlefield: 2008)
  533. ^ Faculty Club of Southern Methodist University (official site)
  534. ^ "Renovated Facility Serves Faculty and Alumni," SMU Magazine (Aug. 7, 2007)
  535. ^ Park City Club (Dallas) (official site)
  536. ^ Steve Brown, "Partnership buys tower in North Dallas," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 13, 2006)
  537. ^ "In the Know: Keeping up with Bush," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 6, 2009)
  538. ^ El Paso Club (Texas) (official site)
  539. ^ "A new vista for El Paso Club," El Paso Inc. (Nov. 21, 2010)
  540. ^ City Club of Fort Worth (official site)
  541. ^ a b c Jennifer Casseday-Blair and Paul K. Harral, "Members Only," Fort Worth Magazine (Apr. 25, 2013)
  542. ^ Fort Worth Club (official site)
  543. ^ Petroleum Club of Fort Worth (official site)
  544. ^ Coronado Club (official site)
  545. ^ Mimi Swarz, "The gospel according to Matthew," Texas Monthly (Vol. 36, Issue 2: Feb. 1, 2008)
  546. ^ Petroleum Club of Houston (official site)
  547. ^ Bruce Nichols, "Petroleum Club back in the swing: City's economy brings new life, members to downtown destination," Dallas Morning News (Apr. 24, 2006)
  548. ^ Summit Club (Longview, TX) (official site)
  549. ^ Mike Elswick, "Summit Club opening set for early 2013," Longview News-Journal (Aug. 19, 2012)
  550. ^ Walt Nett, "Members vote to disband Lubbock Club, liquidate assets," Lubbock Avalanche-Journal (Aug. 10, 2010)
  551. ^ Petroleum Club of Midland (official site)
  552. ^ Peter H. King, "No love for Obama in the oil fields," Los Angeles Times (Dec. 22, 2008)
  553. ^ Argyle Club (official site)
  554. ^ a b c d e Robert Wynne, "Membership in city's exclusive clubs has its price as well as its privileges," San Antonio Light (July 8, 1990)
  555. ^ Club Giraud (official site)
  556. ^ Petroleum Club of San Antonio (official site)
  557. ^ David Hendricks, "Big changes coming next year for historic buildings downtown," San Antonio Express-News (July 6, 2005)
  558. ^ Edmund Tijerina, "A new private club is coming to the Majestic Building -- again," San Antonio Express-News (July 15, 2007)
  559. ^ Judith McGinnis, "Changes in business end Wichita Club," Wichita Falls TimesRecordNews (June 20, 2010)
  560. ^ David Clifton, "California Group Buys University Club Building in Salt Lake City," Salt Lake Tribune (July 18, 1995)
  561. ^ Mike Donoghue, "Ethan Allen Club to see the end of an era," Burlington Free Press (Nov. 27, 2010)
  562. ^ Colonnade Club (official site)
  563. ^ Arthur Kyle Davis, The Colonnade Club of the University of Virginia: 75th Anniversary, 1907-1982 (University of Virginia: 1982)
  564. ^ Carolyn Shapiro, "Longtime downtown Norfolk business club closes," Virginian-Pilot (Feb. 28, 2007)
  565. ^ Virginia Club (official website)
  566. ^ Tony Wharton, "Gentlemen's Club: After 57 Years, The Virginia Club is Being Forced to Leave Selden Arcade, but its New Home in the Old Southern Bank is a Nice Fit," Virginia Pilot and Ledger-Star (Jan. 25, 1997)
  567. ^ "2300 Club is dead". 23 July 2017.
  568. ^ "2300 Club (official site)". Archived from the original on 2016-10-30. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
  569. ^ a b Alissa M. Poole, "The Club Scene: Downtown is a hub of member-based gathering," Richmond Magazine (Oct. 2007)
  570. ^ http://www.richmond.com/business/local/bull-bear-club-to-close-at-end-of-month/article_46c1cdd4-8717-5386-9ca8-3abd416daadb.html
  571. ^ Bull and Bear Club (official site)
  572. ^ Aaron Kremer, "Priceless memories linger," Richmond Times-Dispatch (June 25, 2006)
  573. ^ "The Shenandoah Club - Roanoke, VA - About Us". www.theshenandoahclub.com.
  574. ^ Town Center City Club (official site)
  575. ^ Matthew Jones, "Board Crafts City Club for a New Downtown," Virginian Pilot (June 21, 2003)
  576. ^ Irene Bowers, "Elegance, Luxury, Manners Matter with Club," Virginia Beach Beacon (Mar. 14, 2013)
  577. ^ Fauquier Club of Warrenton, Va, Officers, incorporators, charter, constitution, by-laws, and members (Williams & Wilkins Co.: 1906)
  578. ^ Marvine Howe, "Virginia's Foothills, The Tranquil Piedmont," New York Times (May 12, 1991)
  579. ^ "National Register of Historic Places: Warrenton Historic District," Virginia Dept. of Historic Resources (Oct. 13, 1983)
  580. ^ a b Harbor Club (official site)
  581. ^ a b Keith Ervin, "Harbor Club is Booming: Private Facility Drawing Younger, Less Traditional Eastside Business Clientele," Seattle Times (Nov. 6, 1997)
  582. ^ Bellevue Club (official website)
  583. ^ Julie Schaeffer, "When Fitness and Hospitality Combine," New American Luxury (Dec. 2012) Archived 2013-07-17 at archive.today
  584. ^ College Club of Seattle (official website)
  585. ^ a b c Sherry Grindeland, "Seattle's Exclusive Clubs Try to Boost Waning Memberships," Seattle Times (Mar. 26, 2002)
  586. ^ Celeste Louise Smith and Julie D. Pheasant-Albright, Private Clubs of Seattle, p. 7, Arcadia (Images of America series), 2009. ISBN 978-0-7385-7072-3.
  587. ^ University of Washington Club (official site)
  588. ^ Peter Kelley, "The UW Club, past, present and future," University of Washington Magazine (Oct. 7, 2010)
  589. ^ Spokane Athletic Club (official site)
  590. ^ Mike McLean, "Spokane Club at crossroads," Spokane Journal of Business (May 9, 2013)
  591. ^ Tom Sowa, "Spokane Club working to stem tide of defections and reinvent itself," Spokane Spokesman-Review (July 4, 2010)
  592. ^ La Crosse Club (official site)
  593. ^ Susan T. Hessel, Leisure with Dignity: A History of the La Crosse Club (La Crosse: 1997)
  594. ^ Madison Club (official site)
  595. ^ Doug Moe, "Book Marks Madison Club Milestone," Wisconsin State Journal (Mar. 25, 2009)
  596. ^ University Club of the University of Wisconsin (official site)
  597. ^ Phil Haslanger, "Gathering Place," Madison Capital Times (Nov. 22, 1997)
  598. ^ Milwaukee Club (official site)
  599. ^ H. Russell Zimmerman, The Milwaukee Club: Centennial, 1882-1982 (Milwaukee: 1982)
  600. ^ Wisconsin Club (official site)
  601. ^ Nick Halter, "Wisconsin Club spruces up: $2.2 million renovation will help it compete in option-filled market," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (June 20, 2008)
  602. ^ Casper Petroleum Club (official site)
  603. ^ Jesse McKinley, "An Oil City Fears for Its Future," New York Times (June 4, 2010)
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