List of state leaders in the 1st century

Herod the Great, client King under Rome (37–4 BC)
Herod Archelaus, client Ethnarch of Judaea under Rome (4 BC–6 AD)
Herod Antipas, client Tetrarch of Galilee under Rome (4 BC–39 AD)
Philip the Tetrarch (or Herod Philip II), client Tetrarch of Iturea, Trachonitis, and Batanaea under Rome (4 BC–34 AD)
Salome I, client Toparch of Jabneh under Rome (4 BC–10 AD)
Herod Agrippa I

client King of Batanaea under Rome (37–41)
client King of Galilee under Rome (40–41)
client King of all Judaea under Rome (41–44)

Herod of Chalcis, client Tetrarch of Chalcis under Rome (41–48)
Herod Agrippa II

client Tetrarch of Chalcis under Rome (48–53)
client Tetrarch of Batanaea under Rome (53–c.92)

Aristobulus of Chalcis

Client king of Armenia Minor under Rome (55–72)
Client tetrarch of Chalcis under Rome (57–92)

Kingdom of Pontus (complete list) –

Pythodorida, client queen under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
Polemon II, client King under Rome (38–64)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Bosporan Kingdom (complete list) –

Aspurgus, client King under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
Mithridates III, client King under Rome (38–46)
Cotys I, client King under Rome (46–63)
Incorporated as a part of the Roman Province of Moesia Inferior (63–68)
Rhescuporis I, client King under Rome (68–90)
Sauromates I, client King under Rome (90–123)

Dacia (complete list) –

Comosicus, King (44 BC–28 AD)^[11]
Scorilo, King (c.28–68 AD)^[11]
Duras, King (68–87)^[12]
Decebalus, King (87–106)^[13]^[14]

Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

Rhoemetalces I, client King of Thrace under Rome (12 BC–12 AD)
Rhescuporis II, client King of western Thrace under Rome (12–19)
Cotys III, client King of eastern Thrace under Rome (12–18)
Rhoemetalces II, client King of Thrace under Rome (19–38)
Rhoemetalces III, client King of Thrace under Rome (38–46)

Europe: British Isles

Brigantes –

Cartimandua, Queen (43–69)
Venutius, King (?–c.52, 69–?)
Vellocatus, King (c.52–c.69)

Cantiaci –

Vodenos, King (?–15)
Eppillus, King (15–?)

Catuvellauni (complete list) –

Tasciovanus, King (c.20 BC–9 AD)
Cunobelinus, King (9–40 AD)
Togodumnus, King (?–43)
Caratacus, King (?–c.50)

Corieltauvi –

Volisios, King (c.45)
Dumnocoveros, Sub-king under Volisios (c.45)
Dubnovellaunus, Sub-king under Volisios (c.45)
Cartivelios, Sub-king under Volisios (c.45)

Iceni –

Can, King (?–25)
Antedios, King (25–40s)
Prasutagus, King (47–60)
Boudica, Queen (60–61)

Regnenses –

Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus, King (43–?)

Europe: Central

Marcomanni (complete list) –

Maroboduus, King (9 BC–19 AD)

Europe: Southcentral

Roman Empire: Principate (complete list) –

Augustus/ Octavian, Principate, Emperor (27 BC–14 AD)
Tiberius, Principate, Emperor (14–37)
Gaius "Caligula", Emperor (37–41)
Claudius, Emperor (41–54)
Nero, Emperor (54–68)
Galba, Emperor (68–69)
Otho, Emperor (69)
Vitellius, Emperor (69)
Vespasian, Emperor (69–79)
Titus, Emperor (79–81)
Domitian, Emperor (81–96)
Nerva, Emperor (96–98)
Trajan, Emperor (98–117)

See also: List of Roman consuls

Europe: West

Atrebates (complete list) –

Tincomarus, client King of Thrace under Rome (c.20 BC–7 AD)
Eppillus, client King of Thrace under Rome (8–15)
Verica, client King of Thrace under Rome (15–40)

Batavians –

Gaius Julius Civilis, Leader (?–c.70)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Kingdom of Armenia (complete list) –

Ariobarzanes II, client King under Rome (2 BC–4 AD)
Artavasdes III, client King under Rome (4–6)
Tigranes V, client King under Rome (6–12)
Interregnum under Parthia
Artaxias III, client King under Rome (18–35)
Arsaces I, client King under Parthia (35)
Orodes, client King under Parthia (35, 37–42)
Mithridates, client King under Rome (35–37, 42–51)
Rhadamistus, client King under Rome (51–53, 53–54)
Tiridates I, client King under Rome (53)

Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli) (complete list) –

Arshak II, King (20 BC–1 AD)
Pharasmanes I, the Great, King (1–58 AD)
Mihrdat I, King (58–106)

References

^ Rajesh Kumar Singh (2013). Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes. Hari Sena. pp. 15–16. ISBN 9788192510750.
^ ^a ^b Salomon, Richard (1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman". Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 116, no. 3. University of Washington. p. 418. JSTOR 605147.
^ [1]^{[dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b [2]^{[dead link‍]}
^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XII and XIII.
^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XIV and XV.
^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Late Kamnaskires Successors types 1, 2 and 3.
^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Phraates I, II and III.
^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Orodes III and IV.
^ According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires-Orodes I and II.
^ ^a ^b Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 72, "At least two of his successors Comosicus and Scorillo/Corilus/Scoriscus became high priests and eventually Dacian, Kings"
^ Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47
^ De Imperatoribus Romanis [3]. Retrieved 2007-11-08. "In the year 88, the Romans resumed the offensive. The Roman troops were now led by the general Tettius Julianus. The battle took place again at Tapae but this time the Romans defeated the Dacians. For fear of falling into a trap, Iulianus abandoned his plans of conquering Sarmizegetuza and, at the same time, Decebalus asked for peace. At first, Domitian refused this request, but after he was defeated in a war in Pannonia against the Marcomanni (a Germanic tribe), the emperor was obliged to accept the peace."
^ De Imperatoribus Romanis [4]. Retrieved 2007-11-08.

[RKS_2013-1] Rajesh Kumar Singh (2013). Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes. Hari Sena. pp. 15–16. ISBN 9788192510750.

[silver-2] Salomon, Richard (1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman". Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 116, no. 3. University of Washington. p. 418. JSTOR 605147.

[3] [1]^{[dead link‍]}

[referenceworks.brillonline.com-4] [2]^{[dead link‍]}

[5] According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XII and XIII.

[6] According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XIV and XV.

[7] According to Pakzadian, 2007: Late Kamnaskires Successors types 1, 2 and 3.

[8] According to Pakzadian, 2007: Phraates I, II and III.

[9] According to Pakzadian, 2007: Orodes III and IV.

[10] According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires-Orodes I and II.

[Dacia_2007,_page_72-11] Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 72, "At least two of his successors Comosicus and Scorillo/Corilus/Scoriscus became high priests and eventually Dacian, Kings"

[Dacia_2007,_page_47-12] Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47

[13] De Imperatoribus Romanis [3]. Retrieved 2007-11-08. "In the year 88, the Romans resumed the offensive. The Roman troops were now led by the general Tettius Julianus. The battle took place again at Tapae but this time the Romans defeated the Dacians. For fear of falling into a trap, Iulianus abandoned his plans of conquering Sarmizegetuza and, at the same time, Decebalus asked for peace. At first, Domitian refused this request, but after he was defeated in a war in Pannonia against the Marcomanni (a Germanic tribe), the emperor was obliged to accept the peace."

[14] De Imperatoribus Romanis [4]. Retrieved 2007-11-08.

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v t e Lists of state leaders by century
3rd millennium	21st 2000s 2010s 2020s current
2nd millennium	11th HRE 12th HRE 13th HRE 14th HRE 15th HRE SA 16th HRE SA 17th HRE SA 18th HRE SA 19th 1801–1850 1851–1900 HRE SA 20th 1901–1950 1951–2000 SA
1st millennium	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th century HRE
1st millennium BC	10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st century BC
2nd millennium BC	20th 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th century BC
4th–3rd millennia BC	4th–3rd millennia BC