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Vietnamese people in Russia

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Vietnamese people in Russia
Total population
150,000
Regions with significant populations
Moscow, Vladivostok, Saint Petersburg, and other large cities[1]
Languages
Vietnamese, Russian[2]
Religion
Predominantly Mahayana Buddhism[3][4]
, minority others
Related ethnic groups
Vietnamese people

Vietnamese people in Russia form the 72nd-largest ethnic minority community in Russia according to the 2022 census. With a population of 150,000 , they are one of the smaller groups of overseas Vietnamese.[5][6] Unofficial estimates put their population as high as 100,000 to 150,000.[7] However, the real number of Vietnamese in Russia is often hard to analyze, due to large number of illegal Vietnamese immigrants living underground across Russia and due to the nature of the Vietnamese–Russian relations.[8]

Most Vietnamese people in Russia have backgrounds as workers and political students being sent by North Vietnam during the Soviet Union, although the first Vietnamese immigrants happened to be the early students-turned war soldiers serving the Soviet Army during the World War II,[9] and are petty entrepreneurs in the retail industry; with Russia's 2007 reform of rules for retail markets, which put restrictions on the proportion of immigrant-owned shops and require Russian-language proficiency examinations as a condition of being granted a work permit and a business licence, many Vietnamese will have to close their businesses and find other lines of work, probably as manual labourers.[2] Students also form another important group; Ho Chi Minh himself studied in Moscow in the 1920s, along with other senior members of the Communist Party of Vietnam.[10] They were followed by an estimated total of 50,000 Vietnamese who studied in Russia during the Cold War.[11] Academic exchange between the two countries continued even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union; as of 2006, roughly 4,000 Vietnamese students were studying in Russian universities; the Russian government provides scholarships to 160 of them.[12] Notable Vietnamese students who have studied in Russia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union include Quynh Nguyen, a pianist from Hanoi who received a scholarship to Moscow's Gnessin State Musical College.[13]

Vietnamese ethnic distribution

Most Vietnamese live in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Almost two-thirds reside in Moscow, concentrated in the southern part of the city, near the Akademicheskaya Metro station, where authorities have erected a statue of Ho Chi Minh.[5][14] Other large communities can be found in Vladivostok and Saint Petersburg, though the community in Moscow is the most well-established and has the highest proportion of long-term residents (those who have been living there for more than 5 years).[1] Assessments of their proficiency in the Russian language vary as well; the Census recorded that roughly 80% could speak Russian, while one article in Vietnamese state-run media claimed that "many Vietnamese find it unnecessary to learn Russian. In fact, many hardly speak the language at all."[5][2] The Census also recorded that virtually all can speak Vietnamese.[15]

There have been a growing number of Vietnamese living in Siberia.[16]

There have also been reports about the increasing Vietnamese population in North Caucasus, in particular the Russian republic of Chechnya. This has led to skepticism and suspicion from local Chechens about a Vietnamization attempt of Chechnya, and has several times resulted with ethnic clashes that left several Chechens killed, resulting with deportation of several Vietnamese.[17] The Vietnamese are also increasing their presence in neighboring Dagestan.[18] In 2013, a fight between Vietnamese and Ingush workers broke out after accusation of maltreatment from both sides in the city of Malgobek, resulting with deaths of several Vietnamese.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Mazirin, V.M. (2004). "Вьетнамцы в России: образ жизни, проблемы, перспективы (Vietnamese in Russia: ways of living, problems, perspectives)" (PDF). Индокитай: тенденции развития (Indochina: Trends in development) (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow State University. pp. 159–179. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  2. ^ a b c "Vietnamese in Russia waiting to be examined". VietnamNet Bridge. 2006-12-18. Archived from the original on 2007-01-11. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  3. ^ "Vietnamese Buddhist associations in Russia". World Buddhist Directory. Buddha Dharma Education Association. 2006. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
  4. ^ "Đạo tràng Phật tích Moscow mừng Đại lễ Phật đản", Voice of Vietnam, 2012-05-26, retrieved 2013-07-22
  5. ^ a b c Население по национальности и владению русским языком по субъектам Российской Федерации (Microsoft Excel) (in Russian). Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
  6. ^ "Cộng đồng người Việt Nam ở nước ngoài" (in Vietnamese). Quê Hương. 2005-03-09. Archived from the original on 2006-12-24. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  7. ^ Blagov, Sergei (2000-02-08). "Russian rhetoric fails to boost business". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 2000-09-25. Retrieved 2007-02-22.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  8. ^ Ivakhniouk, Irina (2004). "Illegal Migration: Russia". European Security. 13 (1–2): 35–53. doi:10.1080/09662830490484791. S2CID 154325939.
  9. ^ "Vietnamese soldiers are honoured for fighting in Russia's Great Patriotic War". VNExplorer. 2020-06-10. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  10. ^ Quinn-Judge, Sophie (2002). Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years: 1919-1941. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-658-4. (Page 125)
  11. ^ "Visit to Vietnam pays dividends for Putin". The Jamestown Foundation Monitor. 7 (44). 2001-03-05. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  12. ^ "Russia and Vietnam relations to become more steady". Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper. 2006-06-09. Archived from the original on 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  13. ^ "Pianist Quynh Nguyen: Hãy nhớ tên cô" (in Vietnamese). VietNamNet. 2006-09-17. Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  14. ^ Vo Hoai Nam (2007-02-22). "Feeling warm by Uncle Ho's statue in Moscow". Archived from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  15. ^ Владение языками (кроме русского) населением отдельных национальностей по республикам, автономной области и автономным округам Российской Федерации (in Russian). Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on November 4, 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
  16. ^ "Người Việt ở Siberia gồng mình trước khó khăn". baotintuc.vn (in Vietnamese). 2016-02-15. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  17. ^ Узел, Кавказский (2013-11-13). "Chechnya deports six illegal Vietnamese migrants". Caucasian Knot (in Latin). Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  18. ^ "Нелегалов из Вьетнама задержали в Махачкале". www.sevkavportal.ru. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  19. ^ "Кавполит: Драка в Ингушетии неожиданно выявила остроту проблемы гастарбайтеров на Кавказе". Эхо Москвы (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-03-23.
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