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Ya-Sin

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Surah 36 of the Quran
يٰسٓ‎
Yā`Sīn
Yāʾ Sīn
ClassificationMeccan
PositionJuzʼ 22 to 23
No. of verses83
Quran
History
Manuscripts
Divisions
Content
Reading
Translations
Exegesis
Characteristics
Related
Double-page with illuminated frames marking the start of Chapter Ya-Sin in a Malay Qur’an manuscript from Patani. Despite the special significance of Chapter Ya-sin in lives of all Muslims, "this is the only Southeast Asian Qur’an manuscript known in which the beginning of Surat Yasin is marked with illuminated frames".[1] 2nd half of the 19th century. British Library

Yā Sīn[2] (also Yaseen; Template:Lang-ar, yāsīn; the letters 'Yāʼ' and 'Sīn') is the 36th chapter of the Quran. It has 83 verses (āyāt). It is regarded an earlier "Meccan surah". Some scholars maintain that verse 12 is from the Medinan period.[3] While the surah begins in Juz' 22, most of it is in Juz' 23.

The surah begins with the eponymous (muqatta'at) Arabic letters: يس (yā sīn).[4] The meaning of the letters Ya Sin, while being primarily unknown, is debated amongst Muslim religious academics. One of the interpretations is "O human being!" referring to Muhammad since the verses that follow are translated as "By the Qur´an, full of Wisdom, Thou art indeed one of the messengers".[5] Tafsir al-Jalalayn, a Sunni beginners exegesis (tafsir), concludes, "God knows best what He means by these [letters]."[6]

The surah focuses on establishing the Qur'an as a divine source, and it warns of the fate of those who mock God's revelations and are stubborn. The surah tells of the punishments that plagued past generations of nonbelievers as a warning to present and future generations. Additionally, the surah reiterates God's sovereignty as exemplified by His creations through signs from nature.

The surah ends with arguments in favor of the existence of resurrection and God's sovereign power.

Summary

  • 1-3 God swears that Muhammad is a prophet
  • 4-5 The Quran given to warn the Makkans
  • 6-9 The greater part of the people of Makkah reprobate
  • 10-11 Muhammad's preaching only profitable to secret believers
  • 12 The dead shall be raised; all their deeds are registered
  • 13-14 Two, then three, apostles were sent to a village, it doesn’t mention their names.
  • 15-18 They are rejected as impostors and threatened with stoning
  • 19 The apostles warn the people impending divine judgments
  • 20-26 A certain believer is put to death by the infidels
  • 27-28 The persecutors are suddenly destroyed
  • 29 Men generally reject God's messengers
  • 30 The lessons of the past are forgotten
  • 31-33 The doctrine of the resurrection asserted and illustrated
  • 34-44 God's power and goodness manifested by his works
  • 45-46 Unbelievers unmoved by either fear or the signs of the Quran
  • 47-48 They scoff at almsgiving and the resurrection
  • 49-53 The resurrection trumpet and the judgment-day shall surprise the unbelievers
  • 54 God's judgment shall be according to works
  • 55-65 The rewards of the righteous and the punishment of the wicked
  • 66-68 God deals with the wicked as he pleaseth
  • 69-70 Muhammad not a poet; the Quran is the word of God
  • 71-73 God manifest in his works of benevolence
  • 74-75 Idolaters will find their trust in idols vain
  • 76 The Prophet not to grieve at the hard speeches of the idolaters; God knoweth all
  • 77-81 The Creator of all things able to raise the dead to life
  • 82 God says Be, and it is
  • 83 Praise be to the Sovereign Creator and raiser of the dead [7]

Heart of the Quran

17th century Indian talisman with the text of the sura in micro-calligraphed, Khalili Collection of Islamic Art

It has been proposed that yā sīn is the "heart of the Quran".[8] The meaning of “the heart” has been the basis of much scholarly discussion. The eloquence of this surah is traditionally regarded as representative of the miraculous nature of the Qur'an.[9] It presents the essential themes of the Qur'an, such as the sovereignty of God, the unlimited power of God as exemplified by His creations, Paradise, the ultimate punishment of nonbelievers, resurrection, the struggle of believers against polytheists and nonbelievers, and the reassurance that the believers are on the right path, among others.[10] Yā Sīn presents the message of the Qur'an in an efficient and powerful manner, with its quick and rhythmic verses. This surah asserts that Muhammad was not a poet, rather he was the greatest and the Last Messenger of Allah (the "Seal of the Prophets").

Virtues

It is recorded in Sunan al-Darimi that Muhammad said that "If anyone recites Yaseen at the beginning of the day, their needs for that day will be fulfilled.”[11] In another narration, this Sūrah has been described as the key to all good in this life and in the hereafter and a safety from all evil in this life and in the hereafter. Needs are fulfilled if asked after the recitation of this Sūrah and the reward for its recitation is also compared to performing twenty hajj pilgrimages.[12] Whoever reads one times Surah Yaseen's every verse, and every letter with a pure heart correctly for the sake of Allah, Allah will reward him for reciting the Quran equal to 10 times.[13]

Sections and themes

See also: People of Ya-Sin

There are three main themes of yā sīn: the oneness of God (tawhid); Risala, that Muhammad is a messenger sent by God to guide His creations through divine revelation; and the reality of Akhirah, the Last Judgment.[14] 36:70 “This is a revelation, an illuminating Qur’an to warn anyone who is truly alive, so that God’s verdict may be passed against the disbelievers.” [15] The surah repeatedly warns of the consequences of not believing in the legitimacy or the revelation of Muhammad, and encourages believers to remain steadfast and resist the mockery, oppression, and ridicule they receive from polytheists and nonbelievers.[16] The arguments arise in three forms: a historical parable, a reflection on the order in the universe, and lastly a discussion of resurrection and human accountability.[16]

The chapter begins with an affirmation of the legitimacy of Muhammad.[14] For example, verses 2–6, "By the wise Qur'an, you [Muhammad] are truly one of the messengers sent of a straight path, with a revelation from the Almighty, the Lord of Mercy, to warn a people whose forefathers were not warned, and so they are unaware."[17] The first passage, verses 1–12, focuses primarily with promoting the Qur'an as guidance and establishing that it is God's sovereign choice who will believe and who will not. It is stated that regardless of a warning, the nonbelievers cannot be swayed to believe. 36:10 "It is all the same to them whether you warn them or not: they will not believe."[17]

Surah Yāʾ-Sīn then proceeds to tell the tale of the messengers that were sent to warn nonbelievers, but who were rejected.[14] Although the messengers proclaimed to be legitimate, they were accused of being ordinary men by the nonbelievers. 36:15-17 "They said, 'Truly, we are messengers to you,' but they answered, 'You are only men like ourselves. The Lord of Mercy has sent nothing; you are just lying."[18] However, a man from amongst these people beseeched them to believe in the messengers. "Then there came running, from the farthest part of the City, a man, saying, 'O my people! Obey the messengers: Obey those who ask no reward of you (for themselves), and who have themselves received Guidance.'"[Quran 36:20] Upon his death, the man entered Paradise, and lamented the fate of the nonbelievers. 36:26 "He was told, 'Enter the Garden,' so he said, 'If only my people knew how my Lord has forgiven me and set me among the highly honored."[19] This surah is meant to warn the nonbelievers of the consequences of their denial. Verse 36:30 goes on to state: "Alas for human beings! Whenever a messenger comes to them they ridicule him."[20] Ultimately, it is God's will who will be blind and who will see.[14]

The following passage addresses the signs of God's supremacy over nature.[14] This is presented by the sign of revived land, the sign of day and night, the sign of the arc and the flood, and the sign of the sudden blast that arrives on the day of judgement. 36:33-37 The sign of revived land follows:

There is a sign for them in this lifeless earth: We give it life and We produce grains from it for them to eat; We have put gardens of date palms and grapes in the earth, and We have made water gush out of it so that they could eat its fruit. It is not their own hands that made all this. How can they not give thanks? Glory be to Him who created all the pairs of things that the earth produces, as well as themselves and other things they do not know about.[19]

The disbelievers do not recognize God's power in the natural world, although He is the one Creator.[14]

The surah further addresses what will happen to those who reject the right path presented by Muhammad and refuse to believe in God. On the last day, the day of reckoning, the nonbelievers will be held accountable for their actions and will be punished accordingly.[14] God warned the nonbelievers of Satan, and yet Satan led them astray. 36:60-63 "Children of Adam, did I not command you not to serve Satan, for he was your sworn enemy, but to serve Me? This is the straight path. He has led great numbers of you astray. Did you not use your reason? So this is the fire that you were warned against."[21] Although God warned them against following Satan, the nonbelievers were deaf, and so now they will suffer the consequences of their ill judgements. 36:63 "So this is the Fire that you were warned against. Enter it today, because you went on ignoring [my commands]."[21]

The surah proceeds to address the clear nature of the revelation and assure that Muhammad is a legitimate prophet.[14] 36:69 states, "We have not taught the Prophet poetry, nor could he ever have been a poet."[15] Yāʾ-Sīn concludes by reaffirming God's sovereignty and absolute power. 36:82-83 "When He wills something to be, His way is to say, 'Be'—and it is! So glory be to Him in whose Hand lies control over all things. It is to Him that you will all be brought back." [15] It is to God, the one Creator who holds everything in His hands, that everything returns. The closing passage is absolute and powerful and carries an essential message of the Qur'an.

References

  1. ^ "A Malay Qur'an manuscript from Patani". British Library.
  2. ^ George Sale translates Y. S.
  3. ^ Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to Sūrat Yā Sīn", in The Study Quran ed. S.H. Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, and Mohammed Rustom (HarperOne, 2015), p. 1069.
  4. ^ The Qur'an. A new translation by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem. Oxford University Press. 2004.
  5. ^ What is the meaning of the word Yasin? https://questionsonislam.com/question/what-meaning-word-yasin
  6. ^ Tafsir al-Jalalayn. Translated by Firas Hamza. Royal Al al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought. Amman, 2007.
  7. ^ Wherry, Elwood Morris (1896). A Complete Index to Sale's Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ Shirazi, Ayatullah Dastghaib. Heart of the Qur'an: A Commentary to Sura al Yasin. Ansariyan Publications. Qum, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
  9. ^ Shaykh Abdul Nasir Jangda. Tafsir Surah Ya-Sin. Jangda. Ramadhaan 1432 A.H.
  10. ^ Sura Ya Sin. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project.
  11. ^ Zakariyyā, Muḥammad (1983). Stories of Sahabah: Revised Translation of Urdu Book. Kutab Khana Faizie. p. 87.
  12. ^ "5+Benefits of reciting and listening to Surah Yasin - Seekers Elite". Seekers Elite. 2017-09-11. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  13. ^ Yaasin, Surah. "Surah Yaseen". Surah Yaseen.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Shaykh Abdul Nasir Jangda. Tafsir Surah yā sīn. Ramadhaan 1432 A.H. http://www.linguisticmiracle.com/yasin
  15. ^ a b c The Qur'an. A new translation by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem. Oxford University Press. 2004. Pg. 284
  16. ^ a b al-Ghazali, Shaykh Muhammad (2001). A thematic commentary of the Qur'an.
  17. ^ a b The Qur'an. A new translation by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem. Oxford University Press. 2004. Pg. 281
  18. ^ The Qur'an. A new translation by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem. Oxford University Press. 2004. Pg.281
  19. ^ a b The Qur'an. A new translation by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem. Oxford University Press. 2004. Pg. 282
  20. ^ The Qur'an. A new translation by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem. Oxford University Press. 2004. Pg.282
  21. ^ a b The Qur'an. A new translation by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem. Oxford University Press. 2004. Pg. 283

The Holy Quran

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