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Serbian Party Oathkeepers

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Vacant0 (talk | contribs) at 21:40, 18 October 2023 (→List of presidents: per Association Srpski sabor Zavetnici's APR page, Stamenkovski's JMBG is listed and it indicates that he was born on 3 May 1982). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Serbian Party Oathkeepers
Српска странка Заветници
Srpska stranka Zavetnici
AbbreviationSSZ
PresidentMilica Đurđević Stamenkovski
Vice-Presidents
Parliamentary leaderMilica Đurđević Stamenkovski
Founded15 February 2012 (2012-02-15)
Registered14 August 2019 (2019-08-14)
HeadquartersTerazije 38, Belgrade
Ideology
Political positionFar-right
National affiliationSerbian State-Building Bloc
Colours  Blue
National Assembly
8 / 250
Assembly of Vojvodina
0 / 120
City Assembly of Belgrade
2 / 110
Website
zavetnici.rs

The Serbian Party Oathkeepers (Serbian Cyrillic: Српска странка Заветници, romanized: Srpska stranka Zavetnici, abbr. SSZ) is a far-right political party in Serbia. Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski has been the party's president since 2021.

Initially, an association known as Serbian Council Oathkeepers, SSZ was formed in 2012 with Stefan Stamenkovski as its first president. SSZ began its actions by organising protests against the recognition of Kosovo, the Brussels Agreement, and Belgrade Pride parades. SSZ entered electoral politics in 2013 and it participated in the 2014 parliamentary election in which it did not win any seats. They later organised protests opposed to the commemoration of Srebrenica massacre and NATO; they also organised a rally in support of convicted war criminal Ratko Mladić. SSZ unsuccessfully sought to win seats in the National Assembly of Serbia and City Assembly of Belgrade up to 2022, when SSZ for the first time gained parliamentary representation. Since then, it has acted in parliamentary opposition to the Serbian Progressive Party, while in October 2023, it formed the Serbian State-Building Bloc coalition with Dveri.

SSZ is an ultranationalist party that pursues sovereignist views towards Kosovo and supports the unification of Serbia and Republika Srpska. It is also socially conservative and supports changing Serbia's immigration system. SSZ supports labelling non-governmental organisations funded from abroad as "foreign agents". An Eurosceptic and anti-NATO party, it is in favour of forging closer relations with Russia and China. It is also opposed to sanctioning Russia in regards to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It has closely cooperated with United Russia, the ruling party of Russia.

History

2012–2014

A photo of Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski during an interview in 2022
Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski was the spokesperson of SSZ until 2021, when she became the president of SSZ

Initially, the organisation was known by names Oathkeepers of Kosovo and Metohija (Zavetnici Kosova i Metohije) and Serbian Council Oathkeepers (Srpski sabor Zavetnici, SSZ).[1][2] SSZ was formed on Presentation of Jesus (Sretenje), 15 February 2012.[3] The association derived its name from Kosovo Myth, also known in Serbian as Kosovski zavet.[3][4] A day after the formation, Stefan Stamenkovski, its president, gave a speech during a protest that was organised in opposition to the recognition of Kosovo in Prague, Czech Republic, while on 17 February, the organisation was one of the organisers of a protest in Belgrade.[1][2] The protest was organised by SSZ and organisations such as Dveri, Obraz, SNP Naši, and 1389 Movement.[5] Shortly before Hillary Clinton's visit to Belgrade in October 2012, SSZ again organised a protest in opposition to the recognition of Kosovo.[6]

Beginning in April 2013, SSZ organised protests in opposition to the Brussels Agreement.[7][8] Milica Đurđević, the spokesperson,[9]: 67  one of the co-founders of SSZ and then a student of the University of Belgrade, said in a 2013 interview that SSZ used internet activism to spread their views and claimed that, by the time of the interview, the organisation had several thousand members.[10] SSZ later organised a counter-protest to the Belgrade Pride parade in September 2013.[11][12] Đurđević has said that the pride parades "distracted Serbs from their real social and political problems".[13] During the process of rehabilitation of Draža Mihailović, the leader of Chetniks during the World War II, a group of its members protested in front of the building of the Higher Court in Belgrade in December 2013.[14] In the same month, SSZ contested its first election, the local election in Voždovac, with Dveri.[15]: 6  Đurđević was one of the candidates on the electoral list.[15]: 7  The list did not win any seats in the City Assembly of Voždovac.[16]

SSZ celebrated its two years of existence in the Russian House, Belgrade.[9]: 68  In March 2014 it contested the parliamentary election with Borislav Pelević's Council of Serbian Unity, as part of the Patriotic Front.[3][17][18] Đurđević was the representative of the electoral list.[17] The list did not win any seats in the National Assembly of Serbia.[19] In the same month, SSZ came in support of Radomir Počuča, who called for members of the Women in Black organisation to be lynched.[20][21] On Vidovdan (28 June), SSZ members held a public performance in Sarajevo, holding a banner that had "Serbian Princip lives forever" (Srpski Princip zauvek živi) written on it; this caused controversy in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[22] Later in November 2014, SSZ organised a counter-protest to a gathering organised by the Women in Black, who commemorated the end of the Battle of Vukovar.[23][24]

2015–2017

SSZ organised an exhibition in Belgrade in June 2015 named "British genocidal policy" (Britanska genocidna politika) that showed "photographs of United Kingdom's war crimes from the end of the 19th century to the present day" (fotografije ratnih zločina Velike Britanije od kraja 19. veka do današnjih dana).[25] A month later, it organised a counter-protest to the commemoration of the Srebrenica massacre;[26][27] SSZ repeated this in 2017.[28] Together with Obraz, it organised an anti-NATO protest in February 2016 which was participated by several thousand demonstrators.[29][30] A month later it again organised a protest against Serbia's cooperation with the NATO Support and Procurement Agency.[31][32] Đurđević described the cooperation between Serbia and NATO as "disrespectful to the Serbian people".[31]

SSZ contested both the parliamentary election and Vojvodina provincial election in April 2016.[33][34] Božidar Zečević, a playwright, was the representative of the list for the parliamentary election while Đurđević was featured second on its electoral list.[35] SSZ campaigned on forging closer relations with Russia while being opposed to cooperation with NATO and the European Union.[36] During the campaign period, SSZ has received the least attention, according to non-governmental organisation CRTA.[37] It won 0.7 percent of the popular vote and no seats in the National Assembly.[38]

In 2017, members of SSZ interrupted a projection of a documentary film, a festival, and a book promotion.[39][40][41] They deemed them as "harmful to the state" (štetnim za državu) and have called the organisers "traitors" (izdajnici).[39] In July 2017, SSZ organised a rally in support of convicted war criminal Ratko Mladić.[42] Đurđević married Stamenkovski in September 2017.[43]

2018–2020

SSZ took part in the Belgrade City Assembly election in March 2018; it began campaigning in late January.[44][45] It campaigned on building a memorial building for Dragutin Gavrilović, giving Mirijevo the status of a municipality, criticising non-governmental organisations, whom they labelled "foreign mercenaries" (strani plaćenici), and arranging Belgrade's river banks and piers.[45][46][47][48] It won 0.65 percent of the popular vote.[49] Following the election, its members unsuccessfully tried to stop the projection of a movie titled Kosovo... Nazdravlje! Gezuar! (Kosovo... Cheers!).[50][51] Later in May 2018, SSZ organised a counter-protest to the Mirëdita, dobar dan! [sr] festival with the Serbian Radical Party.[52] Đurđević Stamenkovski has accused the festival organisers of "treating Kosovo as an independent state" (Kosovo tretira kao nezavisna država).[53]

SSZ again organised a counter-protest during the Mirëdita, dobar dan! festival in 2019 and 2020.[54][55] On 14 June 2019, SSZ registered itself as a political party under the name Serbian Party Oathkeepers.[56][57] N1 news channel reported allegations that members of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) were one of the signatories while SSZ was collecting signatures to become a political party.[58][59][60]: 34  Later in December 2019, it organised a protest in support of the ongoing clerical protests in Montenegro.[61]

Initially, parliamentary elections were to be held in April 2020, however, the election was postponed to June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[62][63] The Republic Electoral Commission accepted the SSZ electoral list in May 2020.[64][65] Zoran Zečević was featured first on the list, while Đurđević Stamenkovski was featured second.[66] Political scientist Boban Stojanović accused SNS of helping SSZ to collect signatures for its electoral list.[67] SSZ did not cross the 3 percent electoral threshold.[68] After the elections, Đurđević Stamenkovski criticised those who boycotted the election.[69]: 107 

2021–present

SSZ signed a cooperation agreement with Vladan Glišić's National Network in February 2021, due to their sharing support for sovereignitism.[70] Beginning in May 2021, inter-party dialogues on electoral conditions without the presence of delegators from the European Union began.[71] SSZ was one of the parties that took part in the dialogues.[72] An agreement between the government and parties that participated in the dialogues was reached in October 2021.[73] While the dialogues were still ongoing, SSZ members interrupted the presentation of Svetislav Basara's book in August 2021, criticising his personal views whom they labelled as "anti-Serbian".[74][75] Later in December 2021, SSZ started campaigning against the proposed changes that were voted in the constitutional referendum in January 2022.[76] A majority of voters that took part in the voting voted in favour of the changes.[77] Following the referendum, SSZ took part in a protest where they demanded the results to be annulled.[78]

SSZ announced its participation in the 2022 general elections in February 2022; Đurđević Stamenkovski was presented as its presidential candidate.[79] It also participated in the Belgrade City Assembly election.[80] During the campaign period, SSZ has stated its opposition to introducing sanctions on Russia while Đurđević Stamenkovski criticised the European Union and NATO.[81][82] In the presidential election, Đurđević Stamenkovski won 4.3 percent of the popular vote while SSZ won 10 seats in the National Assembly.[83][84] Additionally, SSZ gained representation in the City Assembly of Belgrade, with four seats in total.[85] After the elections, SSZ took part in the government negotiations but refused to join the incoming government, opting to go into the parliamentary opposition instead.[86]

Two members of the National Assembly and two members of the City Assembly of Belgrade left SSZ in October 2022, criticising Đurđević Stamenkovski and other SSZ members of the National Assembly.[87] SSZ later demanded them to return their mandates.[88] These members joined SNS in February 2023.[89] In March 2023, SSZ was one of the organisers of a protest opposed to the agreement on the path to normalisation between Kosovo and Serbia.[90][91] It has expressed its opposition to the Serbia Against Violence protests, which began after the Belgrade school shooting and Mladenovac and Smederevo shootings in May 2023.[92]

Together with Dveri, SSZ formed a joint councillor group inside the City Assembly of Belgrade in September 2023, while a month later, they formed the Serbian State-Building Bloc coalition.[93][94] Miloš Ković, a historian and professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, was also one of the initiators; Dveri and SSZ also invited the People's Party (Narodna) and member parties of the National Democratic Alternative to join the coalition.[94]

Ideology and platform

This article is part of a series on
Far-right politics in Serbia
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Đurđević Stamenkovski said in a 2013 interview that SSZ is in favour of strengthening relations with Russia while being opposed to the accession of Serbia to the European Union.[10] Sonja Biserko, the president of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, has described SSZ as pro-fascistic.[9]: 67  Political scientist Věra Stojarová has described SSZ as a radical ethno-nationalist party due to them declaratively rejecting fascism.[95] Late Samir Beglerović, a University of Sarajevo professor, described SSZ as neo-fascist.[96]

On the political spectrum, SSZ is positioned on the far-right.[97] It has been also described as a radical right party,[69]: 108 [98] and a proponent of populist and anti-globalist rhetoric.[98][99] The party views itself as patriotic,[100] however observers have described SSZ as ultranationalist.[101][102][103] Đurđević Stamenkovski has rejected that SSZ promotes hate, instead claiming that non-governmental organisations are "anti-Serbian" due to allegedly "ignoring Serbian victims of Balkan atrocities committed during the [Yugoslav Wars]".[101] SSZ supports introducing a law that would label non-governmental organisations funded from abroad as "foreign agents".[101][102] SSZ has spread misinformation in regards to the origin of the COVID-19 virus.[104]

SSZ is a socially conservative,[105] traditionalist,[69]: 108  and religious conservative party.[106] In regards to social issues, Dušan Spasojević, a professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences, has placed SSZ on the far-right.[107] SSZ supports family values,[108] and the introduction of law alike the Russian anti-gay law in Serbia.[9]: 70  In a television interview, Đurđević Stamenkovski has once said "What is the plus in the LGBT+, zoophiles and pedophiles maybe? You will also ask for the rights of pedophiles".[109] In 2022, it opposed the manifestation of the EuroPride event in Belgrade.[110] SSZ is not opposed to making abortions illegal and instead it wants to "raise awareness among women" to lower the number of unwanted pregnancies.[111]

Regarding immigration, it supports changing the current immigration system.[112] It is supportive of increased transparency in regards to how many people in migrant centers expressed their desire to stay in Serbia and building a barrier, similar to Hungarian border barrier, in case of a heavy migrant crisis.[112] SSZ has described the migrant centre near Horgoš as "one of the most serious risks for citizens of Serbia" (jedan od najozbiljnijih rizika za građane Srbije).[113]

SSZ is a Eurosceptic party that is in favour of suspending the accession of Serbia to the European Union.[59] It is instead in favour of "Europe of Nations" (Evropu nacija).[114] It is also opposed to NATO and instead wants to pursue closer ties with Russia,[98][105][115] and China.[114] SSZ is supportive of Vladimir Putin.[116] Following the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, SSZ has opposed sanctioning Russia.[81][117] After the death of Darya Dugina in September 2022, members of SSZ drew a mural of her in Belgrade.[118]

It opposes the recognition of Kosovo and instead pursues a sovereignist policy towards Kosovo.[59][119] SSZ is opposed to the 2013 Brussels Agreement and is in favour of repealing it and bringing back the Serbian Army to Kosovo.[114] It has supported the initiative to repopulate Kosovo with Serbs with kibbutz-style settlements.[69]: 110  Together with Dveri, Narodna, and New Democratic Party of Serbia, it signed a joint declaration for the "reintegration of Kosovo into the constitutional and legal order of Serbia" (Deklaraiju za reintegraciju KiM u ustavno-pravni poredak Srbije) in October 2022.[120] SSZ supports the unification of Serbia and Republika Srpska and denies that a genocide has been committed on Bosniaks in Srebrenica.[100][121]

Organisation

SSZ has been led by Đurđević Stamenkovski since 28 October 2021.[56][122][‡ 1] Dragan Nikolić and Strahinja Erac serve as vice-presidents of the party.[‡ 2] Đurđević Stamenkovski also serves as the president of the party's parliamentary group in the National Assembly.[123] Its headquarters is located at Terazije 38, Stari Grad, Belgrade.[56] SSZ was registered as an association in the Agency of Private Registers in September 2012 with Stefan Stamenkovski as its representative.[124] Since May 2023, the association has been in liquidation.[125]

In a 2017 interview, Đurđević Stamenkovski said that SSZ had 25,000 members.[126] SSZ has used the White Angel and Miloš Obilić on its emblem, while on its coat of arms it has used a shield that dates from the period of the Nemanjić dynasty.[60]: 48 [127]

International cooperation

Members of SSZ, including Đurđević Stamenkovski, met with Sergey Lavrov, the minister of foreign affairs of Russia, in 2016.[101] In the same year, SSZ established connection with United Russia, the ruling party of Russia.[128] A year later, its members met with representatives of United Russia in Moscow.[129][130][131] Since then, SSZ has retained close relations with United Russia.[132]

List of presidents

# President Birth–Death Term start Term end
1 Stefan Stamenkovski 1982– 15 February 2012 28 October 2021
2 Milica Đurđević
Stamenkovski		 A photo of Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski in 2022 1990– 28 October 2021 Incumbent

Electoral performance

Parliamentary elections

National Assembly of Serbia
Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # # of seats Seat change Coalition Status Ref.
2012 Stefan Stamenkovski Did not participate
0 / 250
 Steady 0 – Extra-parliamentary –
2014 4,514 0.13% Increase 17th
0 / 250
 Steady 0 Patriotic Front Extra-parliamentary [133]
2016 27,690 0.73% Increase 12th
0 / 250
 Steady 0 – Extra-parliamentary [134]
2020 45,950 1.43% Increase 10th
0 / 250
 Steady 0 – Extra-parliamentary [135]
2022 Milica Đurđević
Stamenkovski 		141,227 3.82% Increase 7th
10 / 250
 Increase 10 – Opposition [136]

Presidential elections

President of Serbia
Year Candidate 1st round popular vote % of popular vote 2nd round popular vote % of popular vote Ref.
2012 Did not participate –
2017 Did not participate –
2022 Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski 5th 160,553 4.33% — — — [137]

Belgrade City Assembly elections

City Assembly of Belgrade
Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # # of seats Seat change Coalition Status Ref.
2012 Stefan Stamenkovski Did not participate
0 / 110
 Steady 0 – Non-parliamentary –
2014 996 0.12% Increase 18th
0 / 110
 Steady 0 Patriotic Front Non-parliamentary [138]
2018 5,301 0.65% Increase 11th
0 / 110
 Steady 0 – Non-parliamentary [139]
2022 Milica Đurđević
Stamenkovski 		32,029 3.57% Increase 6th
4 / 110
 Increase 4 – Opposition [140]

References

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    • Rękawek, Kacper (2022). Foreign Fighters in Ukraine: The Brown–Red Cocktail. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000830415. Serbian far-right groups such as Dveri (Doors) or Srpska stranka Zavetnici (Serbian Party Oathkeepers)
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    • Ristić, Katarina (2018). "The Media Negotiations of War Criminals and Their Memoirs: The Emergence of the "ICTY Celebrity"". International Criminal Justice Review. 28 (4). doi:10.1177/1057567718766218. S2CID 149665526. ...who is supported only by far-right circles, like the Serbian Radical Party (SRS) or "Zavetnici"
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  103. ^ Ultranationalist:
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Primary sources

In the text these references are preceded by a double dagger (‡):

  1. ^ "Izveštaj nezavisnog revizora i godišnji finansijski izveštaj za 2021. godinu" [Independent auditor's report and annual financial report for 2021] (PDF). Serbian Party Oathkeepers (in Serbian). 14 April 2022. p. 6. Retrieved 29 July 2023. Datum imenovanja ovlašćenog liza iz člana 31. zakona: 28.10.2021. [Date of appointment of the authorised person from Article 31 of the law: 28.10.2021.]
  2. ^ "Poslanički klub" [Parliamentary group]. Serbian Party Oathkeepers (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
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