List of heavy metal festivals
List of heavy metal festivals | |
---|---|
General Information | |
Related genres | Heavy metal, punk rock, rock |
Location | Europe and United States (origin) Worldwide (current) |
Related events | Punk rock festival, rock festival |
This is an incomplete list of heavy metal festivals. The genre of heavy metal (or simply metal) is a subgenre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United States and the United Kingdom.[1][2][3] With roots in blues rock and psychedelic rock, the first heavy metal bands such as Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, and during the late 1960s and mid-1970s these bands and others in their genre were featured at a number of historic rock festivals.[4] Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence.[5][6]
After the genre fused with other related genres such as punk rock in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as "metalheads" or "headbangers", and there were festivals worldwide, both touring and stationary, dedicated to heavy metal subgenres and heavy metal itself. During the 1980s, glam metal became a commercial force, while Underground scenes and extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remained subcultural phenomena, though they have their own dedicated festivals as well. Since the mid-1990s, popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre.
Historical heavy metal festivals
Festival name | Location | Years | Details |
---|---|---|---|
Myponga Pop Festival | Australia | 1971 | pop festival headlined by Black Sabbath |
Monsters of Rock | England | 1980-1996 | music festival held in Castle Donington (later it branched into other locations) |
Dynamo Open Air | Netherlands | 1986–2005 | biggest annual metal festival during the 1990s, with 118,000 visitors in 1995 |
Moscow Music Peace Festival | Russia | 1989 | part of an era of momentous change in the Soviet Union |
Wacken Open Air | Germany | 1990–present | larger heavy metal festival |
Sweden Rock Festival | Sweden | 1992–present | classic rock, hard rock and metal |
Graspop Metal Meeting | Belgium | 1996–present | larger heavy metal festival |
Download Festival | England | 2003–present | Hard rock, heavy metal, punk |
Bloodstock Open Air | England | 2001–present | Heavy Metal festival |
Hellfest Summer Open Air | France | 2006–present | larger heavy metal festival |
Current heavy metal festivals
Africa
Botswana
Festival name | Location | Active | Approximate time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overthrust Winter Metal Mania Festival[7] | Ghanzi | 2010–present | May | featuring local and African metal bands |
Asia
India
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bangalore Open Air | Karnataka | 2012–present | July | |
Thunderstrock Festival | Ranchi, Jharkhand | 2008–present | September |
Indonesia
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brotherground | Surabaya | November–December | deathmetal, metalcore, deathcore, hardcore, etc. | |
Hammersonic Festival | Jakarta | 2012–present | March–April | all heavy music |
Hellprint | Bandung | 2011–present | November–March | all heavy music |
Rock In Celebes | Makassar | 2010–present | November | rock genres |
Rock in Solo | Surakarta | 2004–present | October–November | heritage metal |
Japan
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Download Festival | Chiba City | 2019–present | March | |
Loud Park Festival |
Mongolia
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Noise Metal Fest | Ulaanbaatar | 2014–present | April–May | featuring local and international metal bands |
Nepal
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Silence Fest | Kathmandu | 2011–present | September & November | featuring local and international metal bands |
Europe
Austria
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nova Rock | Nickelsdorf | 2005–present | June | |
Kaltenbach Open Air | 2003–present | August |
Belgium
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Graspop Metal Meeting | Dessel | 1996–present | End of June | One of the biggest metal festivals in Europe |
Alcatraz Hard Rock & Metal Festival[8] | Kortrijk | 2008–present | Beginning of August | Started indoor but changed to an outdoor festival in 2013 |
Huginns Awakening Fest | Oostende | 2009–present | April/May | Thrash Speed Heavy metal festival |
Headbanger's Balls Fest | Izegem | 2012–present | Beginning of May | |
Blast from the Past Festival | Kuurne | 2013–present | December | Old school heavy metal festival |
Metalworksfest | Kuurne | 2017–present | Beginning or mid March |
Bulgaria
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hills of Rock |
Czech Republic
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brutal Assault | Jaroměř | 1996–present | August | extreme metal, heavy metal, hardcore punk, experimental music |
Masters of Rock (festival) | Vizovice | 2003–present | July | heavy metal, power metal |
Metalfest | Pilsen | 2007–present | June | heavy metal, power metal |
Obscene Extreme | Trutnov | 1999–present | July | grindcore, death metal, hardcore punk |
Denmark
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Copenhell | Copenhagen | 2010–present | June | featuring death, thrash, black, doom, heavy, power metal and hard rock |
Aalborg Metal Festival | Aalborg | 2002–present | November | featuring death, thrash, black, doom, heavy, power metal and hard rock |
Royal Metal Fest | Aarhus | 2008–present | April | featuring death, thrash, black, doom, heavy, power metal and hard rock |
Viborg Metal Festival | Viborg | 2014–present | March | featuring death, thrash, black, doom, heavy, power metal and hard rock |
Metal Magic Festival | Fredericia | 2008–present | July | featuring death, thrash, black, doom, heavy, power metal and hard rock |
Estonia
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hard Rock Laager | Vana-Vigala | 2002–present | June | The biggest metal festival in Estonia[9] |
Howls of Winter | Tallinn | 2014–present | February | black metal |
Barbar Feast | Saula | 2019–present | July | The most epic metal festival in Europe![10] |
Finland
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dark River Festival | Kotka | August | all subgenres of metal | |
John Smith Rock Festival[11] | Laukaa | 2016–present | July | The best rock festival in Finland[12] |
Nummirock | Kauhajoki | 1987–present | June | all subgenres of metal |
Saarihelvetti | Tampere | August | all subgenres of metal | |
Steelfest Open Air | Hyvinkää | 2008–present | May | black and death metal |
Turku Saatanalle | Turku | 2011–present | March | black metal |
Tuska Open Air | Helsinki | 1998–present | July | all subgenres of metal |
France
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hellfest Summer Open Air | Clisson | 2006–present | June | up to 60.000 people; all subgenres of Metal |
Motocultor Festival | Brittany | 2007–present | August | death, black, thrash metal |
Plane'R Fest | Colombier-Saugnieu | 2012–present | July | all subgenres of Metal |
Sylak Open Air | Saint-Maurice-de-Gourdans | August | all subgenres of Metal, hardcore |
Germany
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chronical Moshers Open Air | Heinsdorfergrund | 1982–present | June | up to 1.000 people; Death, Black and Thrash Metal |
Dark Troll Festival | Bornstedt | 2009-present | May | put to 1.200 people; Pagan, Black, Folk, Post, Melodic Death, Death Metal, Celtic Metal |
Dong Open Air | Neukirchen-Vluyn | 2001–present | July | up to 5.000 people; all subgenres of Metal |
Elbriot | Hamburg | 2013–present | August | up to 12.000 people; Metal Festival in Hamburg[13] |
Euroblast Festival | Cologne | 2008–present | October | up to 12.000 people; Progressive and Avantgarde Metal |
Full Force | Löbnitz | 1994–present | July | put to 25.000 people; Hardcore, Metalcore, Punk and Metal |
Impericon Festivals | Leipzig, Hamburg, Munich, Oberhausen | 2011-present | March | up to 11.000 people each Festival; biggest indoor festivals in Europe; Metalcore |
In Flammen Open Air | Torgau | July | up to 6.000 people; Death, Black and Thrash Metal | |
Metal Bash Festival | Neu Wulmstorf | 2002-present | May | up to 1.000 people; Black, Dark, Thrash, Heavy Metal, Hard Rock, Punk Rock, Rock |
Mammut Festival | Königsbrunn | 2022-present | March | min. 500 people, but raises fast; all subgenres of Metal |
Metal Frenzy Open Air Festival | Gardelegen | 2014–present | June | up to 5.000 people; Metal and Hard Rock |
Party.San Metal Open Air | Schlotheim | 1996-present | August | up to 10.000 people; all subgenres of Metal |
Ragnarök Festival | Lichtenfels, Bavaria | 2004–present | April | up to 4000 people; Black, Pagan, Viking, Death Metal |
Rock am Ring | Nürburgring, Adenau, Eifel | 1985-present | June | up to 92.000 people; biggest rock festival in the world; Metalcore, Death Metal, Thrash, Heavy Metal, Punk Rock, Rock |
Rock im Park | Nürnberg | 1995-present | June | up to 88.000 people; Metalcore, Death Metal, Thrash, Heavy Metal, Punk Rock, Rock |
RockXplosion | Leonberg | 1984-present | July | up to 2.000 people; Death Metal, Metalcore, Hardcore Punk, Punk Rock |
Rock Hard Festival | Gelsenkirchen | 2003–present | June | 7.000 people; Heavy, Power, Thrash and Death Metal |
Rockharz Open Air | Ballenstedt | 1993/94-present | July | up to 24.000 people; all subgenres of Metal |
Rock um zu helfen | Freiberg, Saxony | October | rock genres | |
Reload Festival | Sulingen | 2006-present | August | up to 15.000 people; Metal, Hardcore, Punk & Party |
Summer Breeze Open Air | Dinkelsbühl | 1997–present | August | up to 40.000 people; Death, Black, Thrash Metal |
Under the Black Sun | Friesack near Berlin | 1997-present | June or July | up to 1000 people; Black Metal |
Wacken Open Air | Wacken | 1990–present | August | up to 85.000 people; largest metal festival in Germany; all subgenres of Metal |
Italy
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Agglutination Metal Festival | Chiaromonte | 1995–present | August |
Latvia
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zobens un Lemess | Bauska | 2014–present | June | folk, pagan, metal subgenres; 3 day festival |
Lithuania
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Devilstone | Anykščiai | 2009–present | July (mid) | a retreat of freedom and rock & roll[14] |
Kilkim Žaibu | Varniai | 1999–present | June (end) | black, Viking metal and folk music |
Netherlands
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amsterdam Metalfest | Amsterdam | 2015–present | April & October | one-day festival |
Dynamo Open Air | Eindhoven | 2015–present | July | |
Into the Grave | Leeuwarden | 2010–present | June | |
MidsummerProg | Valkenburg | 2017–present | June | |
ProgPower Europe | Baarlo | 1999–present | October | featuring power, progressive metal |
Roadburn Festival | Tilburg | 1999–present | April | large festival featuring doom, stoner, death, black metal |
Metalyard | Arnhem | 2015–present | April | indoor festival featuring thrash, heavy metal, death, black metal and so on. |
Norway
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inferno Metal Festival | Oslo | 2001–present | April | featuring black, death, thrash, doom metal |
Karmøygeddon Metal Festival | Kopervik | 2004–present | May | wide range of metal subgenres |
Garasjefestival | Reinsvoll | 2017–present | July | black, death, trash and other subgenres of metal |
Poland
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mystic Festival | Gdańsk | 1999; 2001-2003; 2005; 2007; 2019–present | June | Heavy metal music festival[15] |
Siekiera fest | Wrocław | 2019–present | September | The very first festival of a kind featuring great Polish bands[16] |
Portugal
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
HARDMETALFEST | Mangualde | 1997–present | January | featuring power, death, black, thrash, doom metal |
Laurus Nobilis Music | Famalicão | 2015–present | August | featuring power, death, black, thrash, doom metal |
Rock in Rio Lisboa | Lisboa | 2004–present | May | featuring various genres |
SWR Barroselas Metalfest | Barroselas | 1998–present | April | featuring power, death, black, thrash, doom metal |
Vagos Metal Fest | Calvão | 2016–present | August | featuring power, death, black, thrash, doom metal |
Evil Live | Lisboa | 2009–present | June | featuring power, death, black, thrash, doom metal |
Romania
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Artmania Festival | Sibiu | 2006–present | August | art festival featuring heavy metal |
Metalhead Meeting | Bucharest | 2013–present | June/July | death metal, black metal, heavy metal |
Rockstadt Extreme Festival | Rasnov | 2013–present | August | death metal, black metal, heavy metal |
Metal Gates Festival | Bucharest | 2017–present | November | death metal, black metal, doom metal |
Posada Rock Fest | Campulung Muscel | 1986–present | ||
Maximum Rock Festival | Bucuresti | 2006–present | Late August | gothic metal, heavy metal, death metal |
Russia
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metal Over Russia | Moscow | July | 3-day doom, death, black, dark, pagan, folk metal |
Slovenia
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metaldays | Velenje | 2004–present | August | previously known as Metalcamp and held in Tolmin, featuring death, black, folk, thrash metal |
Tolminator | Tolmin | 2023–present | July | all styles of metal, attendance capped at 5000 visitors |
Spain
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barcelona Rock Fest | Barcelona | 2014–present | July | featuring hardcore, metalcore, thrash, death, black metal, punk |
Leyendas del Rock | Villena | 2006–present | August | mostly traditional, thrash, power and gothic metal |
Resurrection Fest | Viveiro | 2006–present | July | featuring hardcore, metalcore, thrash, death, black metal, punk |
Rock Imperium | Cartagena | 2022-present | June | mostly traditional, glam, power metal. |
Z! Live Rock Fest | Zamora | 2016-present | June | mostly traditional, thrash and power metal. |
Sweden
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gefle Metal Festival | Gävle | 2016–present | July | all subgenres of metal |
House of Metal | Umeå | 2007–present | February or March | all subgenres of metal |
Sweden Rock Festival | Sölvesborg | 1992–present | June | classic rock, hard rock and metal |
Huskvarna Metal Fest | Jönköping | Spring and fall | black, death, thrash metal | |
High 5ive Summer Fest | Stockholm | 2018–present | Summer | Metalcore, Hardcore, Pop Punk, Post-hardcore, Deathcore |
United Kingdom
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bloodstock Open Air | Walton-on-Trent, Derbyshire | 2005–present | August | outdoor festival featuring death, black, thrash, folk metal, with attendance of 13,000 (2013) |
Damnation Festival | Leeds, England | 2005–present | November | one-day festival featuring death, black, thrash, doom metal |
Download Festival | Donington Park, Leicestershire | 2003–present | June | large rock festival featuring hard rock, nu-metal, metalcore, death metal, black metal and pro wrestling from NXT UK |
Hammerfest | Prestatyn, Wales | 2009–present | March | |
Hard Rock Hell | Gwynedd, North Wales | 2007–present | November | Three day metal festival held at a resort[17] |
Incineration Festival | London, England | 2014–present | May | extreme metal festival for fans of death metal, black metal, doom metal, thrash metal, and slam |
Stonedead Festival | Newark, Notts, England | 2018–Present | August | One Day, One Stage, One Monster Rock Show[18] |
North America
Canada
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hyperspace Metal Festival | Vancouver | April | Canada's premier melodic & power metal festival | |
Gaspesian Metal Fest | Matane | June | Underground metal festival |
Mexico
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Candelabrum Metal Fest | León | September | ||
Hell & Heaven Metal Fest | Mexico City (Toluca) | 2010–present | November - December | 3 Day Open-Air Metal Festival, featuring death, thrash, black, doom, heavy, power metal & hard rock |
México Metal Fest | Monterrey | 2016–present | November | 1 Day |
Total Death Over México | Mexico City | 2018–present | May | 3 Day Underground Death, Black Metal Festival |
United States
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
70000 Tons of Metal | Fort Lauderdale, FL | 2011–present | January | The World's Biggest Heavy Metal Cruise[19] |
98RockFest | Tampa, FL | 2007–present | April | Metal, grunge and hard rock festival[20] |
Aftershock Festival | Sacramento, CA | 2012–present | October | Hard rock and heavy metal festival[21] |
AURA Fest[22] | Savannah, GA | 2017–present | June | All Underground Rock All Day[23] |
Full Terror Assault[24] | Cave-In-Rock, IL | 2021–present | September | European style Open Air Festival for extreme music fans[25] |
INKcarceration[26] | Mansfield, OH | 2018–present | July | Rock music and tattoo festival[27] |
Legions of Metal Fest[28] | Chicago, IL | 2017–present | June | |
Louder Than Life | Louisville, KY | 2014–present | September | Hard rock/heavy metal festival[29] |
Mad With Power Fest[30] | Madison, WI | 2018–present | August | Power Metal/Traditional Heavy Metal festival[31] |
Maryland Deathfest | Baltimore, MD | 2003–present | May | Extreme Music[32] |
Mass Destruction Metal Fest[33] | Atlanta, GA | 2017–present | November | Extreme Metal Festival[34] |
Milwaukee Metal Fest[35] | Milwaukee, WI | May | ||
ProgPower USA | Atlanta, GA | 2001–present | September | Progressive and Power Metal[36] |
Rocklahoma | Pryor, OK | 2007–present | September | Hard rock and metal festival[37] |
Sonic Temple Art & Music Festival | Columbus, OH | 2019, 2023–present | May | Hard rock and metal festival[38] |
Welcome to Rockville | Daytona Beach, FL | 2011-present | April/May | Hard rock and heavy metal music festival[39] |
Oceania
Australia
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Download Festival | Melbourne and Sydney | 2018–present | March | Melbourne and Sydney in 2019 |
Blacken Open Air[40] | Hale, Northern Territory | 2016–present | Various | Open air 2 - 3 day festival, Not held in 2020 and 2021 |
South America
Brazil
Festival name | Location | Active | Approx. time of year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Armageddon Metal Festival | Joinville | May/June |
Tours
The following is an incomplete list of traveling metal festivals, both active and defunct:
- Clash of the Titans
- Crüe Fest
- Family Values Tour
- Doomination
- G3
- Gigantour
- Jägermeister Music Tour
- Knotfest
- Magic Circle Festival
- Mayhem Festival
- Metal Masters Tour
- Monsters of Rock
- No Mercy Festival
- Ozzfest
- Sonisphere
- The Summer Slaughter Tour
- Taste Of Chaos
- The Unholy Alliance
- Uproar Festival
- X-Mass Festival
See also
References
- ^ Du Noyer (2003), p. 96; Weinstein (2000), pp. 11–13.
- ^ "The History of Heavy Metal". musicianwave.com. 9 August 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
- ^ Weinstein (2000), pp. 14, 118.
- ^ Fast (2005), pp. 89–91; Weinstein (2000), pp. 7, 8, 23, 36, 103, 104.
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 6.
- ^ "As much as Sabbath started it, Priest were the ones who took it out of the blues and straight into metal." Bowe, Brian J. Judas Priest: Metal Gods. ISBN 0-7660-3621-9.
- ^ "African Heavy Metal Bands Give Back to their Communities". BORGEN. 10 September 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
- ^ "History". alcatraz.be. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Live Report: HARD ROCK LAAGER 2017 Festival: "A Hidden Treasure In Deep Forests Of Estonia"". metalshockfinland.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- ^ "Barbar Feast 2023". barbarrockclub.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- ^ "John Smith Rock Festival 2023 in Laukaa (FI)". festivalsunited.com. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
- ^ "John Smith Rock Festival". johnsmith.fi. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
- ^ "Elbriot Festival 2016". tilogo.com. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "ABOUT". devilstone.net. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
- ^ "Mystic Festival 2023". musicfestivalwizard.com. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ "SIEKIERA festiwal". siekierafest.pl. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ "Hard Rock Hell 2002". musicfestivalwizard.com. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
- ^ "One Day, One Stage, One Monster Show". stonedeadfestival.co.uk. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ "70000TONS OF METAL". 70000tons.com. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "98ROCKFEST lineup:". tampabay.com. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ "Aftershock Festival Featuring Guns N' Roses, Queens of the Stone Age, Megadeth, Tool, Incubus, Pantera, and More Taking Place This Fall". 955klos.com. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "AURA Fest announces". savannahnow.com. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ "AURA Fest announces". savannahnow.com. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Full Terror Assault". fullterrorassault.com. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "About". fullterrorassault.com. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "INKcarceration". mansfieldnewsjournal.com. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ "Inkcarceration announces lineup for 2022 rock festival at Ohio State Reformatory". richlandsource.com. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ "Legions of Metal Fest". reggieslive.com. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ "REVIEW: Here's What We Experienced At Louder Than Life 2022". leoweekly.com. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Mad With Power Fest". madwithpowerfest.com. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ "Mad With Power Fest". madwithpowerfest.com. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "About Deathfests". deathfests.com. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Mass Destruction". massdestructionmetalfest.com. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "MASS DESTRUCTION METAL FEST". earsplitcompound.com. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Milwaukee Metal Fest". milwaukeemetalfestival.com. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ EvilG. "Heart of Steel: Interviews Glenn Harveston Organizer of ProgPower USA". Metal-Rules. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Rocklahoma To Include MEGADETH, ROB ZOMBIE, DEVILDRIVER And More This Year!". metalinjection.net. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ "Sonic Temple 2023". consequence.net. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Welcome to Rockville gives first look at 2022 lineup". clickorlando.com. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "Blacken Open Air | Australia 2022". www.blackenfestival.com. Retrieved 13 June 2022.