Blood type distribution by country
This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions. Blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system.
ABO and distribution by country
 | This section's factual accuracy is disputed. (April 2012) |
| Country/Dependency | Population[1] | O+ | A+ | B+ | AB+ | O− | A− | B− | AB− |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina
|
44,270,440 | 45.4% | 34.26% | 8.59% | 2.64% | 8.4% | 0.44% | 0.21% | 0.06% |
 Armenia[2]
|
2,931,568 | 29.0% | 46.3% | 12.0% | 5.6% | 2.0% | 3.7% | 1.0% | 0.4% |
 Australia[3]
|
24,642,693 | 40.0% | 31.0% | 8.0% | 2.0% | 9.0% | 7.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Austria[4]
|
8,592,470 | 30.0% | 37.0% | 12.0% | 5.0% | 6.0% | 7.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Azerbaijan
|
10,205,810 | 29.8% | 30.0% | 21.1% | 9.0% | 3.3% | 3.4% | 2.4% | 1.0% |
 Bahrain
|
1,418,695 | 48.48% | 19.35% | 22.61% | 3.67% | 3.27% | 1.33% | 1.04% | 0.25% |
 Bangladesh
|
164,833,667 | 31.8% | 21.44% | 34.58% | 8.85% | 1.39% | 0.96% | 0.96% | 0.64% |
 Belgium[5]
|
11,444,053 | 38.0% | 34.0% | 8.6% | 4.1% | 7.0% | 6.0% | 1.5% | 0.8% |
 Bolivia
|
11,053,376 | 51.53% | 29.45% | 10.11% | 1.15% | 4.39% | 2.73% | 0.54% | 0.1% |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
3,792,730 | 31.0% | 36.0% | 12.0% | 6.0% | 5.0% | 7.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Brazil[6]
|
211,248,418 | 36.0% | 34.0% | 8.0% | 2.5% | 9.0% | 8.0% | 2.0% | 0.5% |
 Bulgaria
|
7,045,097 | 28.0% | 37.0% | 13.0% | 7.0% | 5.0% | 7.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Cambodia
|
16,077,172 | 46.7% | 27.2% | 18.5% | 4.9% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.1% |
 Cameroon
|
24,515,533 | 42.8% | 38.8% | 12.0% | 3.3% | 1.4% | 1.2% | 0.4% | 0.1% |
 Canada[7]
|
36,627,140 | 39.0% | 36.0% | 7.6% | 2.5% | 7.0% | 6.0% | 1.4% | 0.5% |
 Chile[8]
|
18,314,060 | 56.62% | 27.16% | 8.78% | 1.90% | 3.29% | 1.63% | 0.49% | 0.13% |
 China
|
1,388,251,023 | 47.7% | 27.8% | 18.9% | 5.0% | 0.28% | 0.19% | 0.1% | 0.03% |
 Colombia[9]
|
49,069,267 | 56.44% | 26.19% | 7.30% | 1.21% | 5.14% | 2.72% | 0.69% | 0.31% |
 Costa Rica[10]
|
5,069,929 | 49.7% | 28.5% | 12.4% | 3.0% | 3.4% | 1.9% | 0.9% | 0.2% |
 Croatia
|
4,207,355 | 29.0% | 36.0% | 15.0% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 6.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% |
 Cuba
|
11,486,750 | 45.8% | 33.5% | 10.2% | 2.9% | 3.6% | 2.8% | 1.0% | 0.2% |
 Cyprus[11]
|
1,189,395 | 35.22% | 40.35% | 11.11% | 4.72% | 3.85% | 3.48% | 0.87% | 0.40% |
 Czech Republic[12]
|
10,555,152 | 27.0% | 36.0% | 15.0% | 7.0% | 5.0% | 6.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
85,358,111 | 59.5% | 21.3% | 15.2% | 2.4% | 1.0% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
 Denmark[13]
|
5,711,902 | 35.0% | 37.0% | 8.0% | 4.0% | 6.0% | 7.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Dominican Republic
|
10,766,932 | 46.2% | 26.4% | 16.9% | 3.1% | 3.7% | 2.1% | 1.4% | 0.2% |
 Ecuador
|
16,665,756 | 75.0% | 14.0% | 7.1% | 0.5% | 2.38% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.02% |
 Egypt
|
95,220,838 | 52.0% | 24.0% | 12.4% | 3.8% | 5.0% | 2.0% | 0.6% | 0.2% |
 El Salvador[14]
|
6,171,483 | 62.0% | 23.0% | 11.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.3% |
 Estonia[15]
|
1,305,745 | 29.5% | 30.8% | 20.7% | 6.3% | 4.3% | 4.5% | 3.0% | 0.9% |
 Ethiopia
|
104,352,727 | 39.0% | 28.0% | 21.0% | 5.0% | 3.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% |
 Fiji
|
912,208 | 43.0% | 33.3% | 16.5% | 4.8% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.2% |
 Finland[16]
|
5,541,328 | 28.0% | 35.0% | 16.0% | 7.0% | 5.0% | 6.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 France[17]
|
64,939,560 | 36.0% | 37.0% | 9.0% | 3.0% | 6.0% | 7.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% |
 Germany[18]
|
80,635,980 | 35.0% | 37.0% | 9.0% | 4.0% | 6.0% | 6.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Ghana
|
29,779,258 | 53.8% | 17.6% | 18.3% | 2.8% | 4.5% | 1.3% | 1.3% | 0.2% |
 Greece
|
10,892,849 | 37.4% | 32.9% | 11.0% | 3.7% | 7.0% | 5.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Guinea
|
13,291,741 | 46.88% | 21.64% | 22.86% | 4.52% | 2.0% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.2% |
 Honduras
|
9,348,898 | 57.5% | 27.0% | 7.8% | 2.5% | 2.7% | 1.7% | 0.6% | 0.2% |
 Hong Kong
|
7,402,115 | 41.5% | 26.13% | 25.34% | 6.35% | 0.32% | 0.17% | 0.14% | 0.05% |
 Hungary
|
9,787,801 | 27.0% | 33.0% | 16.0% | 8.0% | 5.0% | 7.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% |
 Iceland[19]
|
334,311 | 46.8% | 27.2% | 9.0% | 2.0% | 8.2% | 4.8% | 1.6% | 0.4% |
 India[20]
|
1,342,561,902 | 27.85% | 20.8% | 38.14% | 8.93% | 1.43% | 0.57% | 1.79% | 0.49% |
 Indonesia
|
263,519,317 | 36.82% | 25.87% | 28.85% | 7.96% | 0.18% | 0.13% | 0.15% | 0.04% |
 Iran
|
80,982,137 | 33.5% | 27.0% | 22.2% | 7.0% | 4.0% | 3.0% | 2.5% | 0.8% |
 Iraq
|
38,657,787 | 32.1% | 25.0% | 25.6% | 7.4% | 3.6% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 0.9% |
 Ireland[21]
|
4,749,263 | 47.0% | 26.0% | 9.0% | 2.0% | 8.0% | 5.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Israel[22]
|
8,323,659 | 32.0% | 34.0% | 17.0% | 7.0% | 3.0% | 4.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Italy
|
59,797,969 | 39.0% | 36.0% | 7.5% | 2.5% | 7.0% | 6.0% | 1.5% | 0.5% |
 Ivory Coast
|
23,869,656 | 46.5% | 22.5% | 22.5% | 4.3% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.2% |
 Jamaica[23]
|
2,813,316 | 47.0% | 23.0% | 20.0% | 3.0% | 3.5% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 0.5% |
 Japan[24]
|
126,044,340 | 29.9% | 39.8% | 19.9% | 9.9% | 0.15% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.05% |
 Kazakhstan
|
18,431,447 | 30.7% | 29.8% | 24.2% | 8.3% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 1.8% | 0.7% |
 Kenya
|
48,470,780 | 45.6% | 25.2% | 21.28% | 4.2% | 1.8% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 0.02% |
 Latvia
|
1,944,122 | 30.6% | 31.0% | 17.0% | 6.0% | 5.4% | 6.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% |
 Lebanon
|
6,039,438 | 38.4% | 32.3% | 9.5% | 3.2% | 7.7% | 6.5% | 1.7% | 0.7% |
 Libya
|
6,408,990 | 42.64% | 28.86% | 11.19% | 4.5% | 6.26% | 4.24% | 1.64% | 0.67% |
 Liechtenstein
|
38,140 | 34.0% | 37.0% | 10.0% | 4.0% | 6.0% | 6.5% | 1.8% | 0.7% |
 Lithuania
|
2,827,573 | 36.0% | 33.0% | 11.0% | 4.0% | 7.0% | 6.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Luxemburg[25]
|
587,297 | 35.0% | 37.0% | 9.0% | 4.0% | 6.0% | 6.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Macao
|
606,413 | 41.5% | 26.1% | 25.4% | 6.3% | 0.33% | 0.17% | 0.15% | 0.05% |
 Malaysia
|
31,165,480 | 34.32% | 30.35% | 27.37% | 7.46% | 0.17% | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.04% |
 Malta
|
432,810 | 38.0% | 41.0% | 7.0% | 3.0% | 5.0% | 4.5% | 1.0% | 0.5% |
 Mauritania
|
4,266,765 | 46.3% | 26.68% | 17.47% | 3.85% | 2.8% | 1.6% | 1.1% | 0.2% |
 Mauritius
|
1,267,303 | 38.3% | 26.0% | 25.0% | 6.7% | 1.7% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.3% |
 Mexico[26]
|
130,227,836 | 59.09% | 26.23% | 8.53% | 1.73% | 2.73% | 1.21% | 0.40% | 0.08% |
 Moldova[27]
|
4,043,722 | 28.5% | 31.8% | 17.6% | 7.0% | 5.0% | 6.0% | 3.0% | 1.1% |
 Mongolia
|
3,052,044 | 55.4% | 27.7% | 10.9% | 4.96% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.04% |
 Morocco
|
36,328,588 | 42.3% | 29.8% | 14.3% | 4.1% | 4.5% | 3.1% | 1.5% | 0.4% |
 Myanmar
|
53,507,932 | 35.7% | 23.8% | 32.7% | 6.95% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.05% |
 Nepal
|
29,188,100 | 35.2% | 28.3% | 27.1% | 8.6% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
 Netherlands[28]
|
17,033,012 | 39.5% | 35.0% | 6.7% | 2.5% | 7.5% | 7.0% | 1.3% | 0.5% |
 New Zealand[29]
|
4,604,996 | 38.0% | 32.0% | 9.0% | 3.0% | 9.0% | 6.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Nigeria
|
191,851,411 | 51.3% | 22.4% | 20.7% | 2.6% | 1.6% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.1% |
 North Korea
|
25,432,033 | 27.15% | 31.08% | 30.15% | 11.32% | 0.08% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.03% |
 North Macedonia
|
2,083,690 | 30.0% | 34.0% | 15.0% | 6.0% | 5.0% | 6.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% |
 Norway[30]
|
5,330,986 | 33.2% | 41.6% | 6.8% | 3.4% | 5.8% | 7.4% | 1.2% | 0.6% |
 Pakistan
|
180,440,005 | 26.63% | 21.6% | 34.40% | 9.52% | 2.17% | 1.66% | 3.57% | 0.45% |
 Papua New Guinea
|
7,952,511 | 48.0% | 37.2% | 9.6% | 2.8% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 0.2% |
 Peru[31]
|
32,167,717 | 70.0% | 18.4% | 7.8% | 1.6% | 1.4% | 0.5% | 0.28% | 0.02% |
 Philippines[32]
|
103,801,747 | 45.9% | 22.9% | 24.9% | 5.97% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.03% |
 Poland[33]
|
38,563,480 | 31.0% | 32.0% | 15.0% | 7.0% | 6.0% | 6.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Portugal[34]
|
10,264,672 | 36.2% | 39.8% | 6.6% | 2.9% | 6.1% | 6.8% | 1.1% | 0.5% |
 Romania
|
19,237,087 | 28.0% | 36.5% | 13.6% | 6.8% | 5.0% | 6.5% | 2.4% | 1.2% |
 Russia
|
143,374,801 | 28.0% | 30.0% | 20.0% | 7.0% | 4.9% | 5.8% | 3.2% | 1.1% |
 Saudi Arabia[35]
|
32,744,532 | 47.8% | 23.9% | 17.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 0.3% |
 Serbia
|
8,776,827 | 31.92% | 35.28% | 12.6% | 4.2% | 6.08% | 6.72% | 2.4% | 0.8% |
 Singapore[36]
|
5,784,819 | 44.7% | 23.9% | 24.5% | 5.6% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
 Slovakia[37]
|
5,432,265 | 27.2% | 35.7% | 15.3% | 6.8% | 4.8% | 6.3% | 2.7% | 1.2% |
 Slovenia
|
2,071,258 | 31.0% | 33.0% | 12.0% | 6.0% | 7.0% | 7.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% |
 South Africa[38]
|
55,437,815 | 39.0% | 32.0% | 12.0% | 3.0% | 6.0% | 5.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 South Korea
|
50,748,307 | 27.9% | 33.87% | 26.92% | 10.98% | 0.1% | 0.13% | 0.08% | 0.02% |
 Spain[39]
|
46,070,163 | 35.0% | 36.0% | 8.0% | 2.5% | 9.0% | 7.0% | 2.0% | 0.5% |
 Sudan
|
40,827,975 | 48.0% | 27.7% | 15.2% | 2.8% | 3.5% | 1.8% | 0.8% | 0.2% |
 Sweden[40]
|
9,920,843 | 32.0% | 37.0% | 10.0% | 5.0% | 6.0% | 7.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 Switzerland[41]
|
8,454,321 | 35.0% | 38.0% | 8.0% | 4.0% | 6.0% | 7.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% |
 Syria
|
18,920,698 | 43.0% | 30.0% | 14.0% | 3.7% | 5.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% | 0.3% |
 Taiwan
|
23,234,936 | 43.9% | 25.9% | 23.9% | 6.0% | 0.17% | 0.1% | 0.01% | 0.02% |
 Thailand
|
68,298,027 | 40.8% | 16.9% | 36.8% | 4.97% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.03% |
 Turkey[42]
|
80,420,065 | 29.8% | 37.8% | 14.2% | 7.2% | 3.9% | 4.7% | 1.6% | 0.8% |
 Uganda
|
43,276,492 | 43.7% | 39.0% | 10.7% | 3.9% | 1.3% | 1.0% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
 Ukraine
|
44,404,078 | 32.0% | 34.0% | 15.0% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 6.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 United Arab Emirates
|
3,398,017 | 44.1% | 21.9% | 20.9% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 0.4% |
 United Kingdom
|
65,512,375 | 38.0% | 32.0% | 8.0% | 3.0% | 9.0% | 7.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% |
 United States[43]
|
326,481,533 | 37.4% | 35.7% | 8.5% | 3.4% | 6.6% | 6.3% | 1.5% | 0.6% |
 Venezuela[44]
|
32,011,082 | 58.3% | 28.2% | 5.6% | 1.9% | 3.7% | 1.8% | 0.4% | 0.1% |
 Vietnam
|
95,414,640 | 41.7% | 21.9% | 30.8% | 4.98% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.02% |
 Yemen
|
29,246,429 | 47.84% | 27.5% | 15.32% | 2.14% | 3.66% | 2.1% | 1.17% | 0.16% |
 Zimbabwe
|
16,912,880 | 63.3% | 18.5% | 14.6% | 0.99% | 1.7% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.01% |
| World | 6,671,609,845 | 38.67% | 27.42% | 22.02% | 5.88% | 2.55% | 1.99% | 1.11% | 0.36% |
50.0% and above 40.0–49.9% 30.0–39.9% 20.0–29.9% 10.0–19.9% 5.0–9.9%
| Ethnic distribution of ABO (without Rh) blood types[45] (This table has more entries than the table above but does not distinguish between Rh types.) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People group | O (%) | A (%) | B (%) | AB (%) |
| Aboriginal people | 61 | 39 | 0 | 0 |
| Abyssinians | 43 | 27 | 25 | 5 |
| Ainu (Japan) | 17 | 32 | 32 | 18 |
| Albanians | 38 | 43 | 13 | 6 |
| Great Andamanese | 9 | 60 | 23 | 9 |
| Arabs | 34 | 31 | 29 | 6 |
| Armenians | 31 | 50 | 13 | 6 |
| Asian Americans | 40 | 28 | 27 | 5 |
| Austrians | 36 | 44 | 13 | 6 |
| Bantus | 46 | 30 | 19 | 5 |
| Basques | 51 | 44 | 4 | 1 |
| Belgians | 47 | 42 | 8 | 3 |
| Bororo (Brazil) | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Brazilians | 47 | 41 | 9 | 3 |
| Bulgarians | 32 | 44 | 15 | 8 |
| Bamar people | 36 | 24 | 33 | 7 |
| Buryats (Siberia) | 33 | 21 | 38 | 8 |
| Bushmen | 56 | 34 | 9 | 2 |
| Chinese-Canton | 46 | 23 | 25 | 6 |
| Chinese-Ningbo | 35 | 32 | 25 | 9 |
| Chinese-Yangzhou | 31 | 32 | 27 | 10 |
| Chinese-Peking | 29 | 27 | 32 | 13 |
| Chuvash | 30 | 29 | 33 | 7 |
| Croats | 42 | 34 | 17 | 7 |
| Czechs | 30 | 44 | 18 | 9 |
| Danes | 41 | 44 | 11 | 4 |
| Dutch | 45 | 43 | 9 | 3 |
| Egyptians | 33 | 36 | 24 | 8 |
| English | 47 | 42 | 9 | 3 |
| Inuit (Alaska) | 38 | 44 | 13 | 5 |
| Inuit (Greenland) | 54 | 36 | 23 | 8 |
| Estonians | 34 | 36 | 23 | 8 |
| Fijians | 44 | 34 | 17 | 6 |
| Finns | 34 | 41 | 18 | 7 |
| French | 43 | 47 | 7 | 3 |
| Georgians | 46 | 37 | 12 | 4 |
| Germans | 41 | 43 | 11 | 5 |
| Greeks | 40 | 42 | 14 | 5 |
| Romani people (Hungary) | 29 | 27 | 35 | 10 |
| Hawaiians | 37 | 61 | 2 | 1 |
| Hindus (Bombay) | 29 | 25 | 35 | 11 |
| Hungarians | 36 | 43 | 16 | 5 |
| Icelanders | 56 | 32 | 10 | 3 |
| Indians (India) | 29 | 21 | 40 | 9 |
| Native Americans | 79 | 16 | 4 | 1 |
| Irish | 52 | 35 | 10 | 3 |
| Italians (Milan) | 46 | 41 | 11 | 3 |
| Japanese | 30 | 38 | 22 | 10 |
| Jews (Germany) | 42 | 41 | 12 | 5 |
| Jews (Poland) | 33 | 41 | 18 | 8 |
| Kalmuks | 26 | 23 | 41 | 11 |
| Kikuyu (Kenya) | 60 | 19 | 20 | 1 |
| Koreans | 28 | 32 | 31 | 10 |
| Sami people | 29 | 63 | 4 | 4 |
| Latvians | 32 | 37 | 24 | 7 |
| Lithuanians | 40 | 34 | 20 | 6 |
| Malays | 62 | 18 | 20 | 0 |
| Māori | 46 | 54 | 1 | 0 |
| Mayans | 98 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Moros | 64 | 16 | 20 | 0 |
| Navajo Indians | 73 | 27 | 0 | 0 |
| Nicobarese | 74 | 9 | 15 | 1 |
| Norwegians | 39 | 50 | 8 | 4 |
| Papuans (New Guinea) | 41 | 27 | 23 | 9 |
| Persians | 38 | 33 | 22 | 7 |
| Peruvian Indians | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Filipinos | 45 | 22 | 27 | 6 |
| Poles | 33 | 39 | 20 | 9 |
| Portuguese | 35 | 53 | 8 | 4 |
| Romanians | 33 | 43 | 16 | 8 |
| Russians | 33 | 36 | 23 | 8 |
| Sardinians | 50 | 26 | 19 | 5 |
| Scots | 51 | 34 | 12 | 3 |
| Serbians | 38 | 42 | 16 | 5 |
| Shompen Nicobarese | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Slovaks | 42 | 37 | 16 | 5 |
| Somalis[46] | 50.1 | 29.6 | 15.2 | 5.1 |
| South Africans | 45 | 40 | 11 | 4 |
| Spanish | 38 | 47 | 10 | 5 |
| Sudanese | 62 | 16 | 21 | 0 |
| Swedish | 38 | 47 | 10 | 5 |
| Swiss | 40 | 50 | 7 | 3 |
| Tatars | 28 | 30 | 29 | 13 |
| Thais | 37 | 22 | 33 | 8 |
| Turks | 43 | 34 | 18 | 6 |
| Ukrainians | 37 | 40 | 18 | 6 |
| Black Americans | 49 | 27 | 20 | 4 |
| White Americans | 45 | 40 | 11 | 4 |
| Vietnamese | 42 | 22 | 30 | 5 |
Blood group B has its highest frequency in South Asia, where it ranks first as the largest share of the earth's population. In Southeast Asia the share of the population is high, especially in Thailand and Indonesia, secondarily in East Asia, Northern Asia and neighboring Central Asia, and its incidence diminishes both towards the east and the west, falling to single-digit percentages in Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland.[47][48] It is believed to have been entirely absent from Native American and Australian Aboriginal populations prior to the arrival of Europeans in those areas.[48][49]
Blood group A is associated with high frequencies in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and Central Europe, although its highest frequencies occur in some Australian Aboriginal populations and the Blackfoot Indians of Montana, USA.[50][51]
Maps of allele ABO among native populations
-
Map of allele A
among native populations -
Map of allele B
among native populations -
Map of allele O
among native populations
See also
References
- ^ CIA World Factbook
- ^ "Study of Blood Immunogenetical Markers in Armenian Population" (PDF). 1989.
- ^ Blood Types - What Are They?, Australian Red Cross
- ^ "Austrian Red Cross - Blood Donor Information". Old.roteskreuz.at. 21 March 2006. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ^ "Rode Kruis Wielsbeke - Blood Donor information material". Rodekruiswielsbeke.be. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ^ Tipos Sanguíneos Archived 9 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Canadian Blood Services - Société canadienne du sang. "Types & Rh System, Canadian Blood Services". Retrieved 19 November 2010.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ - ΚENTΡΟ ΑΙΜΑΤΟΣ
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... In northern India, in Southern and Central China and in the neighboring Central Asiatic areas, we find the highest known frequencies of B. If we leave this center, the frequency of the B gene decreases almost everywhere ...
- ^ a b The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2002. ISBN 978-0-85229-787-2.
... The maximum frequency of the B gene occurs in Central Asia and northern India. The B gene was probably absent from Native Americans and Australian Aboriginal people before racial admixture occurred with the coming of the white man ...
- ^ Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember (1973). Anthropology. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
... Blood type B is completely absent in most North and South American Indians ...
- ^ Dean 2005, 2.1.4: Blood Type A: Central and Eastern Europe Type A is common in Central and Eastern Europe. In countries such as Austria, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland, about 45–50% of the population have this blood type, whereas about 40% of Poles and Ukrainians do so. The highest frequencies are found in small, unrelated populations. For example, about 80% of the Blackfoot Indians of Montana have blood type A ...
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... The frequency of blood group A is quite high (25–55%) in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and parts of central Europe. High group A frequency is also found in the Aboriginal people of South Australia (up to 45%) and in certain American Indian tribes where the frequency reaches 35% ...
| Sub-topics | |
|---|---|
| Genetic history by region | |
| Population genetics by group |
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