Religion in Jamaica
Religion in Jamaica (2011)[1]
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Religion in Jamaica, according to the census of 2001, consists of a breakdown of 66% Christian (62% Protestant, 2% Roman Catholic, and 2% Jehovah's Witnesses), 3% unstated, and 10% other.[2] The category other includes 29,026 Rastas, an estimated 5,000 Muslims, 3,000 Buddhists 1,453 Hindus, and approximately 200 Jews. The census reported 21% who claimed no religious affiliation.[2] The largest religion indigenous to Jamaica is Rastafari.[3]
Jamaica's laws establish the freedom of religion and prohibit religious discrimination. While in the past Rastafarians were discriminated against by government practices, since 2015 the government has taken steps to make amends. Representatives of the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish communities in Jamaica have described the country as being tolerant of religious diversity.
Christian
Protestantism
62% of the Jamaican population are Protestants. Jamaican Protestantism is composed of several denominations: 24% Church of God, 11% Seventh-day Adventist, 10% Pentecostal, 7% Baptist, 4% Anglican, 2% United Church, 2% Methodist, 1% Moravian and 1% Brethren Christian.
The Church of God has 111 congregations in six regions:[4]
- Western: 10 congregations in the parishes of St. James, St. Elizabeth, Westmoreland and Trelawny
- South Central: 27 congregations in the parishes of Manchester and St. Elizabeth
- North Central: 17 congregations in the parishes of St. Ann, Manchester and Clarendon
- Central: 21 congregations in the parishes of St. Catherine, Manchester and Clarendon
- South Eastern: 19 congregations in the parishes of St. Andrew, Kingston and St. Catherine
- North Eastern: 17 congregations in the parishes of Portland, St. Mary and St. Ann
Roman Catholicism
There are about 50,000 (2%) Catholics in Jamaica, which is divided into three dioceses, including one archdiocese:
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kingston in Jamaica
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Mandeville
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Montego Bay
The Missionaries of the Poor monastic order originated in Kingston, Jamaica. Also notable is the school, St. George's College, Jamaica.
Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reports 5,891 members living in Jamaica.[5] Members of the Church are organized under the Kingston Jamaica Stake, the Mandeville Jamaica District and the Kingston Jamaica Mission, and members attend the Panama City Panama Temple.[6][7]
Eastern Orthodoxy
The Eastern Orthodox Church has limited history in Jamaica. There were a notable number of Syrians who immigrated to the island and were visited by a Father Antonio Michael, who later entrusted them to the local Anglican parishes. [8] These Orthodox later interacted with Father Raphael Morgan, a figure who has recently garnered interest among Orthodox historians. According to Jamaica Church of England Parish Register Transcripts, Morgan was born between 1863-1866 and originally baptized and christened into the Church of England. He would later convert to Orthodoxy and serve as a priest, though details are still emerging as to the specifics of his life. [9]
Today, there is a small but steadily growing number of Orthodox believers in Jamaica. One example is a native Jamaican man who asked the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America to establish a mission in the country for inquirers like him and others. [10] The mission was established on 24 April 2015 as the Holy Orthodox Archdiocese in Jamaica, a Vicariate of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Mexico of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. On 15 December 2019, the mission announced that it had officially decided to leave their original jurisdiction in favor of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. Metropolitan Hilarion has put Vladyka Luke of Syracuse in charge of receiving the mission. [11]
Rastafari movement
The Rastafari movement or Rasta is a new religious movement that arose in the 1930s in Jamaica, which at the time was a country with a predominantly Christian culture where 98% of the people were the black descendants of slaves.[12] Its adherents worship Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (ruled 1930–1974), as God incarnate, the Second Advent of Jesus Christ or as Christ in his Kingly Character, depending on their views on the Emperor. The 2001 census counted 29,026 Rastafari.[2]
Other religions
Other popular religions in Jamaica include Islam, Bahá'í Faith with perhaps 8000 Bahá'ís[13] and 21 Local Spiritual Assemblies,[14] Buddhism, Sikhism and Hinduism.[15] There is also a small population of around 200 Jews forming the Shaare Shalom Synagogue in Kingston, who describe themselves as Liberal-Conservative.[16] The first Jews in Jamaica trace their roots back to early 15th-century Spain and Portugal.[17] There are an estimated 5,000 Muslims in Jamaica.[18]
Religious freedom
The constitution of Jamaica establishes the freedom of religion and outlaws religious discrimination. A colonial-era law criminalizing Obeah and Myalism continues to exist, but has rarely been enforced since Jamaica's independence from the United Kingdom in 1962.[19]
Registration with the government is not mandatory for religious groups, but provides groups with some privileges, such as being able to own land and enter legal disputes as an organization. Groups seeking tax-exempt status must register separately as charities.[19]
The public school curriculum includes nondenominational religious education. Some public schools are run by religious institutions, but are required to hold to the same standard as other public schools. Religious private schools also operate in Jamaica.[19]
While Rastafarians were once persecuted by the government of Jamaica and routinely harassed by police looking for then-illegal cannabis, the government has since taken steps to accommodate Rastafarians, including the decriminalization of the possession of small amounts of cannabis for religious purposes in 2015, and formal apologies coupled with financial reparations for past actions against the Rastafarian community, such as the Coral Gardens incident. Rastafarians still face some societal discrimination, particularly when seeking employment, but community representatives have stated that incidences of discrimination have sharply decreased since 2015.[19]
Representatives of the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim communities in Jamaica have described Jamaican as being tolerant of religious diversity, and identified the high level of interfaith dialogue as evidence to support this claim.[19]
References
- ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html
- ^ a b c International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Jamaica. U.S. Department of State (2008)
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Savishinsky, Neil J. "Transnational popular culture and the global spread of the Jamaican Rastafarian movement." NWIG: New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 68.3/4 (1994): 259-281.
- ^ "Church of God in Jamaica - Locations of Congregations" (PDF). churchofgodinjamaica.org.
- ^ "Jamaica - LDS Statistics and Church Facts". Retrieved 2015-08-09.
- ^ "Find Places of Worship - LDS Maps". Retrieved 2015-08-09.
- ^ "Panama City Panama LDS (Mormon) Temple District". Retrieved 2015-08-09.
- ^ https://orthodoxhistory.org/2010/02/22/an-antiochian-priest-in-jamaica-1910/
- ^ https://orthodoxhistory.org/2014/06/05/the-birth-of-fr-raphael-morgan/
- ^ https://journeytoorthodoxy.com/2016/08/why-one-jamaican-became-an-orthodox-christian/
- ^ https://orthochristian.com/126556.html
- ^ "Rastafari, roots and Ideology". OneWorld Magazine. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
- ^ "Missionary Atlas Project - Central America, Snapshot of Jamaica". Online. 2007. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Bahá'í International Community (2006-08-11). "Jamaicans celebrate 4th National Baha'i Day". Bahá'í World News Service.
- ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk, religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu Archived February 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Haruth Communications, Harry Leichter. "Jamaican Jews". Haruth.com. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ^ Dawes, Mark (2003-06-10). "Jews hold firm Life goes on in Old Synagogue". Gleaner Co. Archived from the original on November 30, 2004. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
- ^ "Jamaica". State.gov. 2007-09-14. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ^ a b c d e International Religious Freedom Report 2017 Jamaica US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.
