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East-Central Europe

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East-Central Europe is the region between German-, West Slavic- and Hungarian-speaking Europe and the Eastern Slavic lands of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine.[1][2] Those lands are described as situated "between two": "between two worlds, between two stages, between two futures".[3] In the geopolitical sense, East-Central Europe can be considered alongside Western and Eastern Europe, as one of the "Three Europes".[4]

The concept differs from that of Central and Eastern Europe in that it is based on criteria[5] whereby the states of Central and Eastern Europe belong to two different cultural[6][7][8] and economic circles.

Definitions

Oskar Halecki

Oskar Halecki, who distinguished four regions in Europe (Western, West Central, East Central and Eastern Europe), defined East-Central Europe as a region from Finland to Greece,[9] "the eastern part of Central Europe, between Sweden, Germany, and Italy, on the one hand, and Turkey and Russia on the other".[10] According to Halecki:

In the course of European history, a great variety of peoples in this region created their own independent states, sometimes quite large and powerful; in connection with Western Europe they developed their individual national cultures and contributed to the general progress of European civilization.[10]

Paul Robert Magocsi

Paul Robert Magocsi's rendition and interpretation of Central Europe.

Paul Robert Magocsi described this region in his work Historical Atlas of East Central Europe. His idea distinguished Central Europe into 3 main zones:

United Nations

United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) was set up to consider the technical problems of domestic standardization of geographical names. The Group is composed of experts from various linguistic/geographical divisions that have been established at the UN Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names.

Academic institutions

Other contributors

South-Eastern Europe is distinguished from the Balkans, defined as the region consisting of most of the countries in the Socialist Federative Republic of YugoslaviaBosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, plus Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Greece.

Narrow definition

East-Central Europe is sometimes defined as the eastern part of Central Europe[21][22] and is limited to member states of Visegrád GroupCzech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. This definition is close to the German concept of de:Ostmitteleuropa.

See also

References

  1. ^ Palmer, Alan (1970)The Lands between: A History of East-Central Europe Since the Congress of Vienna, New York: Macmillan
  2. ^ J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, ISBN 83-85854-86-X
  3. ^ François Jarraud
  4. ^ F. Braudel, Preface to Szucs J., Les trois Europes, Paris 1990
  5. ^ I. Loucas, The New Geopolitics of Europe & The Black Sea Region, Naval Academy, UK National Defence Minister’s Staff, p. 8 [1][permanent dead link]
  6. ^ Huntington, Samuel P., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996 ISBN 0-684-84441-9
  7. ^ Milan Kundera, The tragedy of Central Europe, New York Review of Books, 26 April 1984, pp.33–8
  8. ^ Okey, Robin (1 January 1992). "Central Europe / Eastern Europe: Behind the Definitions". Past & Present (137): 102–133. JSTOR 650853.
  9. ^ O. Halecki, The limits and divisions on European history, Sheed&Ward, New York 1950, p. 120
  10. ^ a b Halecki, Oskar (1952). Borderlands of Western Civilization: A History of East Central Europe. Fordham University.
  11. ^ a b c d "United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names". Linguistic/Geographical Divisions. UNGEGN. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  12. ^ J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, p. 9, ISBN 83-85854-86-X
  13. ^ J. Kłoczowski (ed.), L'héritage historique de la Res Publica de Plusierus Nations, Lublin 2004, ISBN 83-85854-82-7
  14. ^ J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, pp. 110–120, ISBN 83-85854-86-X
  15. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-04-20. Retrieved 2008-10-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ^ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001170/117035E.pdf
  17. ^ "East Central European Center". Institute on East Central Europe at Columbia University. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  18. ^ "ceem.fr – Le blog buzz de Ceem".
  19. ^ M. Foucher (dir.), Fragments d'Europe – Atlas de l'Europe mediane et orientale, Paris, 1993, p. 60
  20. ^ D. Calin, Final Report, NATO and the EU in the Balkans – a Comparison, Bucharest, 2003, p. 12, available at: http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/01-03/calin.pdf
  21. ^ J. Kim, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary: Recent Developments, CRS 1996, Federation of American Scientists on-line version
  22. ^ J.Winiecki, East-Central Europe: A Regional Survey. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia in 1993, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 46, No. 5 (1994), pp. 709–734

Further reading

  • J. Kloczowski, East Central Europe in the historiography of the countries of the region, Institute of East Central Europe, Lublin, 1995
  • J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, ISBN 83-85854-86-X
  • East – Central Europe's Position within Europe. Between East and West, Lublin 2004, ISBN 83-85854-81-9
  • O. Halecki, Borderlands of Western Civilization: A History of East Central Europe, Fordham University (1952, 1980) (available on-line)
  • I. Loucas, The New Geopolitics of Europe & The Black Sea Region, Naval Academy, UK National Defence Minister's Staff, p. 8[1]
  • O. Halecki, The limits and divisions on European history, Sheed&Ward, New York 1950
  • Y.Shimov, Middle Europe: On the way home, Eurozine 2002/10/11[2]
  • Myant, Martin; Drahokoupil, Jan (2010), Transition Economies: Political Economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-470-59619-7
  • N. Popa, Frontiere, regiuni transfrontalieresşi dezvoltare regionala in Europa Mediana, [Borders, Transborder Regions and Regional Development in Median Europe] Ed. Universitatii de Vest, Timișoara, 2006
  • G. Zrinscak, L' Europe médiane : des pays Baltes aux Balkans (Dossier n. 8005), La Documentation française 1999[3]
  • P. Verluise, Géopolitique de l'Europe. L'Union européenne élargie a-t-elle les moyens de la puissance ?, Collection Référence géopolitique, Paris, éd. Ellipses, 2005[4]