Amomum ovoideum
| Amomum ovoideum | |
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| Species: | A. ovoideum
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| Amomum ovoideum Pierre ex Gagnep.
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Amomum ovoideum is a widespread shade-demanding rhizomatous herb of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) native to Southeast Asia. It is perennial, producing leafy stems up to three metres tall from a subterranean, long and much-branched rhizome. The plant bears fruits of up to 2 cm long, covered by slender and soft red spines. When dried, the fruit produces cardamom seedpods similar to other cardamom spice plants.
Distribution
A. ovoideum is associated with dense and semi-dense forest habitats in Southeast Asia and is found growing in the wild in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia.[1][2]
The habitat of A. ovoideum is lowland evergreen and deciduous forests but also in evergreen montane forest; it has been observed growing at 30 m up to 1,550 m above sea level.[3]
In Northern Laos, it is one of the most commonly found Amomum species along with A. villosum and is locally know as "green cardamom".[4] In Cambodia it is known as Krakao and in Thailand as Reo Daeng.[5]
Uses
A. ovoideum is considered a NTFP in most of its range. In Laos and Cambodia, the fruits and seeds are collected and used both in traditional medicine and cooking.[4] In traditional Cambodian medicine it is used to treat respiratory problems and digestive disorders.[6]
Generally the plant is mostly harvested for its fruits and seeds on a seasonal basis only. In some areas however, the entire plant is harvested; the rhizome is consumed and leaves are occasionally used for temporary shelters.[1] The whole plant is sometimes used in traditional medicine, such as post-partum saunas.[3]
Conservation
A. ovoideum is generally not considered as a threatened species. There are however several activities in larger parts of its range that strains it and A. ovoideum is a species on decline.
Deforestation for expanding agriculture is the major threat for A. ovoideum. There is also logging in part of its range, reducing the crucial shade needed for it to thrive. The direct harvest of the plant, usually only comprise the fruit and seeds, but occasionally the whole plant is harvested. There may be some threat from the over-collection of seeds, causing a loss in genetic variability.[3]
In Southeast Asia, herbal medicines and culinary plants are in high local demand and important for the local economies. This has led to a general over-harvest of wild plants in the region. With the addition of a heavy deforestation (present and past) in all of Southeast Asia, a strain has been put on many wildgrowing medicinal and aromatic plants. In the 2000s, this situation led to a large scale project of introducing sustainable wild-harvesting by the FairWild Foundation, known as the ISSC-MAP system. This project also comprise A. ovoidenum in Cambodia. In the project, local producers are also trained on how to improve product quality through improved harvesting and drying techniques, which helps add value to the harvested plants and improve the products marketability.[6][7]
See also
References
- ^ a b c See Useful Tropical Plants.
- ^ Note: There are some incoherencies about the species distribution. Some sources only mention Indo-China.<note>eMonocot: Amomum ovoideum Pierre ex Gagnep.</note>
- ^ a b c See IUCN
- ^ a b See "Cultivating and collecting Cardamom".
- ^ "Sorting Amomum names". University of Melbourne. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
- ^ a b "The First Asian Plant Conservation Report" (PDF). Chinese National Committee for DIVERSITAS. 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Saving Plants that Save Lives and Livelihoods – Project highlights". TRAFFIC. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
Sources
- "Amomum uliginosum". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 4 November 2011.
- "Amomum uliginosum". Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
- The Plant List: Amomum ovoideum Pierre ex Gagnep
- Trond Kvitvik (2001): Cultivating and collecting Cardamom (Amomum spp.) and other NTFP's in Muang Long District, Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR.
External links
- Encyclopedia Of Life: Amomum ovoideum. Herbaria images.