Desecheo Island
18°23′14″N 67°28′19″W / 18.38722°N 67.47194°W
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| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 18°23′14″N 67°28′19″W / 18.38722°N 67.47194°W |
| Administration | |
United States | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 |
Desecheo is a small uninhabited island of the archipelago of Puerto Rico located in the northeast of the Mona Passage; 21 km from the west coast (Punta Higüero) of the main island of Puerto Rico and 50 km northeast of Mona Island. It has a land area of 1.5 km² (exactly 1,524,613 m², or 0.589 sq mi, or 376.74 acres). Politically, the island is administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It was discovered by Christopher Columbus during his second voyage to the New World, however it was not named until 1517 by Spanish explorer Nuñez Alvarez de Aragón.[1]
Desecheo, which has no known bodies of surface water, reaches a maximum elevation of 218 m and has an annual precipitation, on average, of 1020 mm (40.15 in). The lack of surface water limits its flora to thorny shrubs, small trees, weeds and various cacti, including the endangered Harrisia portoricensis. Fauna includes various species of seabirds, three endemic species of lizard (Ameiva desechensis, Anolis desechensis and Sphaerodactylus levinsi), introduced goats and rats, and a population of Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) introduced from Cayo Santiago in 1967 as part of a study on adaptation. Before the introduction of rhesus monkeys the island was the largest nesting colony of the Brown Booby, however, no species presently nests on the island.
Although politically part of Puerto Rico, geologically, along with the islands of Mona and Monito, Desecheo is not considered part of the Puerto Rican bank. It is believed that the island has been isolated, at least, since the Pliocene.[2] However, the island is part of the Rio Culebrinas formation which suggests that it was once connected to Puerto Rico.[3]
No evidence of Pre-Columbian human settlement of the island has been uncovered. During the 18th century the island was used by smugglers, pirates and bandits to hunt imported feral goats. During World War II, and until 1952, the island was used as a bombing range by the United States Armed Forces. From 1952 to 1964 the United States Air Force used Desecheo for survival training. In 1976 administration of the island was given to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and in 1983 it was designated as a National Wildlife Refuge.
Because of a healthy reef and clear waters, with common visibility ranging from 30 to 45 metres (98 to 148 ft), Desecheo is a very popular place for diving fans. Although diving is permitted around the island, the refuge is closed to the public due to the presence of unexploded military ordnance. Trespassers are subject to arrest by Federal law enforcement officers.
Several Amateur Radio expeditions have gone to the island, which has the ITU prefix KP5. The Fish & Wildlife Service currently restricts such operations. The first approved expedition in fifteen years was allowed on the island during February 12 and 26, 2009.[4][5] Attempts to allow public access to Desecheo, and another island named Navassa, were made in the U.S. Congress, but the bill failed to reach the floor of the House of Representatives prior to the end of the 109th Congress, rendering the proposal dead.[6]
See also
References
- ^ Desecheo - Welcome to Puerto Rico.org. Retrieved on 2006-08-14.
- ^ Harold Heatwole, Richard Levins and Michael D. Byer (1981). "Biogeography of the Puerto Rican Bank" (PDF). Atoll Research Bulletin. 251: 11. Retrieved 2006-07-11.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Desecheo Island Natural Reserve". UPR-Mayagüez Departament of Biology Herbarium. Retrieved July 10 2006.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|month=and|coauthors=(help); Unknown parameter|dateformat=ignored (help) - ^ "American Hams to Lead 2009 DXpedition to Desecheo Island". ARRL.org. 2008-10-10. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
- ^ "K5D - Desecheo Island 2009". KP5.us. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
- ^ "News / Updates". KP1-5.com. 2005-10-19. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
External links
