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Jhang

Coordinates: 31°16′10″N 72°18′58″E / 31.26944°N 72.31611°E / 31.26944; 72.31611
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This article is about the city. For other uses, see Jhang (disambiguation).

Jhang
جھنگ
City
Clockwise from top: Shrine of Sultan Bahoo; Shrine of Heer and Ranjha; Chenab College; Trimmu Barrage and Chenab Bridge
Jhang is located in Punjab, Pakistan
Jhang
Jhang
Location of Jhang in Pakistan
Jhang is located in Pakistan
Jhang
Jhang
Jhang (Pakistan)
Coordinates: 31°16′10″N 72°18′58″E / 31.26944°N 72.31611°E / 31.26944; 72.31611
CountryPakistan
ProvincePunjab
DivisionFaisalabad
DistrictJhang
Area
 • Total28.27 km2 (10.92 sq mi)
Population
 (2023 census)[1]
 • Total606,533
 • Rank9th, Punjab
16th, Pakistan
 • Density21,000/km2 (56,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5 (PST)
Postal code
35200
Calling code047

Jhang (Punjabi/Urdu: جھنگ; Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈd͡ʒ(ʱ)ə̂ŋ.gᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [d͡ʒʱəŋɡ]) is the ninth-largest city in the Pakistani province of Punjab. Situated on the eastern bank of River Chenab in central Punjab's Rachna Do'āb, it serves as the headquarters of the eponymous district; and is the 18th most populous city in Pakistan.[2] Having an important status in Punjabi literature due to its literary traditions, Jhang is regarded as the primary center of traditional Punjabi folktales.

Etymology

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The historical name of the city and district is Jhang Sial.[3] The word Jhang is derived from the Sanskrit word jāṅgala which means rough or forested terrain; the word Jungle also shares the same root. Jhang Sial was the historic name of the city, literally meaning the "terrain of the Sials".[3][4][5][6]

History

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The city of Jhang was built in 1288 by Rai Sial, a chief of the Sial tribe.[4][6][3] The Sial tribe, his kin, ruled over this region ever since then until the last Sial ruler of Jhang, Ahmad Khan (1812 to 1822) was defeated by Ranjit Singh after a fierce fighting.[3][7]

Under the collective rule of the Sial Khans of Jhang and other Sial sub-tribes such as the Rajbana and Bharwana, in the zenith of their power, the Sial country of Jhang extended up to the Muzafargarh boundary in the south, and the entirety of Chiniot, Kamalia and Kabirwala ilakas. The territory extended to parts of Bhakkar and Sargodha. The Garh Mahraja and Ahmadpur Sial ilakas were added to the possessions of the Rajbana Sial tribe who drove out the Baloch tribes to the Thal and defeated the Nawab of Multan by the mid 17th century.[3][5]

Under the British Raj, the towns of Jhang and Mighiana, lying two miles (3.2 km) apart, became a joint municipality, then known as Jhang-Maghiana.[8]

Geography

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Jhang Sadr is located at 31.27 latitude and 72.33 longitude and is situated at an elevation of 158 meters above sea level.

Jhang is situated at the East bank of Chenab which has confluence with Jhelum at Trimmu Barrage near the town of Athara Hazari. The city was endangered in the 2014 floods but it was not flooded as the flood water was redirected towards Athara Hazari.[9] There are three rivers in Jhang, Chenab, Jhelum and Ravi, the latter of which touches the boundary of District Jhang near Ahmadpur Sial. Maghiana lies on the edge of the highlands, overlooking the alluvial valley of the Chenab, while the older town of Jhang occupies the lowlands at its foot.[8]

Demographics

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The population of city in 1998 Census of Pakistan was recorded as 293,366. According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the population of city rose to 414,131 with a growth of 41.17% in 19 years.[1]

Religious groups in Jhang City (1868−2017)[a]
Religious
group 		1868[11] 1881[12][13][14] 1891[15]: 68 [16] 1901[17]: 44 [18]: 26  1911[19]: 23 [20]: 19  1921[21]: 25 [22]: 21  1931[23]: 26  1941[10]: 32  2017[24]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hinduism [b] 9,760 49.67% 10,187 47.1% 11,355 48.75% 12,189 49.99% 12,395 47.83% 14,389 47.74% 16,724 46.41% 23,286 46.52% 36 0.01%
Islam 8,942 45.51% 10,941 50.58% 11,334 48.66% 11,684 47.92% 12,707 49.04% 14,760 48.97% 18,042 50.07% 24,506 48.96% 427,008 99.43%
Sikhism 435 2.21% 495 2.29% 573 2.46% 484 1.99% 796 3.07% 970 3.22% 1,243 3.45% 2,215 4.43% — —
Christianity 12 0.06% — — 28 0.12% 25 0.1% 12 0.05% 13 0.04% 26 0.07% 39 0.08% 1,836 0.43%
Jainism — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 4 0.02% 7 0.02% 0 0% 5 0.01% — —
Zoroastrianism — — — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — — — —
Judaism — — — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — — — —
Buddhism 0 0% — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — — — —
Ahmadiyya — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 561 0.13%
Others 500 2.54% 6 0.03% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total population 19,649 100% 21,629 100% 23,290 100% 24,382 100% 25,914 100% 30,139 100% 36,035 100% 50,051 100% 429,441 100%

Administration

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Jhang Saddar is the administrative center of Jhang Tehsil (a subdivision of the district). The tehsil itself is divided into 55 Union councils.[25]

Education

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Notable people

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Scientists

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Politicians

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Sports personalities

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Literary personalities

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Religious figures

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Business people

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Sister cities

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Jhang has one sister city:

References

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  1. ^ a b "Pakistan: Provinces and Major Cities - population of Jhang city per 2023 census". Citypopulation.de website. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  2. ^ "Pakistan City & Town Population List". Tageo.com website. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e Punjab Government (1883). Gazetteer Of The Jhang District. pp. Chap. II. — History. 27.
  4. ^ a b Wikeley, J. M. Punjabi Musalmans. Robarts - University of Toronto. Lahore Book House.
  5. ^ a b "Gazetteer - Punjab District Gazetteers, Jhang District, with Map, 1929 - South Asia Archive". www.southasiaarchive.com. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  6. ^ a b "HISTORY OF JHANG". Jhang on Punjab Portal, Government of Pakistan website. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  7. ^ "Government of Pakistan, Map of Jhang" (PDF).
  8. ^ a b Jhang District article in the Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, pp. 125 - 134
  9. ^ Shamsul Islam (10 September 2014). "Panicked residents flee Jhang city". The Express Tribune (newspaper). Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  10. ^ a b "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB". Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  11. ^ (India), Punjab (1868). "Report on the census of the Punjab taken on 10th January, 1868". p. 66. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057644. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  12. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057656. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. p. 520. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057657. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  14. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. p. 250. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057658. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  15. ^ Baines, Jervoise Athelstane; India Census Commissioner (1891). "Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states". JSTOR saoa.crl.25318666. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  16. ^ Edward Maclagan, Sir (1891). "The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". JSTOR saoa.crl.25318669. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables". 1901. JSTOR saoa.crl.25352838. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  18. ^ "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  19. ^ Edward Albert Gait, Sir; India Census Commissioner (1911). "Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables". Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393779. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  20. ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  21. ^ "Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. JSTOR saoa.crl.25394121. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  22. ^ "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  23. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  24. ^ "Final Results (Census-2017)". Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  25. ^ Tehsils & Unions in the District of Jhang – Government of Pakistan Archived 12 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ "Azam Tariq gunned down in Islamabad". 7 October 2003.
  1. ^ 1868-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Jhang, which included Maghiana, Jhang Municipality and Jhang Civil Lines.[10]: 32 
  2. ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
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