Jordan Peterson

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Jordan Peterson
Peterson in 2018
Born
Jordan Bernt Peterson

(1962-06-12) June 12, 1962 (age 61)
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
NationalityCanadian
Alma mater
Spouse
Tammy Roberts
​
(m. 1989)​
Children2
Scientific career
FieldsPsychology
Institutions
ThesisPotential psychological markers for the predisposition to alcoholism (1991)
Doctoral advisorRobert O. Pihl
Notable studentsColin G. DeYoung
Websitejordanbpeterson.com
Signature

Jordan Bernt Peterson (born June 12, 1962) is a Canadian clinical psychologist and a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto. His main areas of study are in abnormal, social, and personality psychology,[1] with a particular interest in the psychology of religious and ideological belief,[2] and the assessment and improvement of personality and performance.[3]

Peterson studied at the University of Alberta and McGill University. He remained at McGill as a post-doctoral fellow from 1991 to 1993 before moving to Harvard University, where he was an assistant and then an associate professor in the psychology department.[4][5] In 1998, he moved back to Canada as a faculty member in the psychology department at the University of Toronto, where, as of 2019, he is a full professor.

Peterson's first book, Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief, published in 1999, examined several academic fields to describe the structure of systems of beliefs and myths, their role in the regulation of emotion, creation of meaning, and several other topics such as motivation for genocide.[6][7][8] His second book, 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos, was released in January 2018.[4][9][10]

In 2016 Peterson released a series of YouTube videos criticizing political correctness and the Canadian government's Bill C-16. The act added gender identity as a prohibited ground of discrimination,[11] which Peterson characterised as an introduction of compelled speech into law. He subsequently received significant media coverage, attracting both support and criticism.[4][9][10] Peterson is associated with the "Intellectual Dark Web".[12][13][14]

Early life

Peterson was born on June 12, 1962,[15] and grew up in Fairview, Alberta, a small town northwest of his birthplace Edmonton, in Canada.[16] He was the eldest of three children born to Beverley, a librarian at the Fairview campus of Grande Prairie Regional College, and Walter Peterson, a schoolteacher.[17][18] His middle name is Bernt (/ˈbɛərənt/ BAIR-ənt),[19] after his Norwegian great-grandfather.[20]

When he was 13, he was introduced to the writings of George Orwell, Aldous Huxley, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Ayn Rand by his school librarian Sandy Notley – mother of Rachel Notley, leader of the Alberta New Democratic Party and 17th Premier of Alberta.[21] He also worked for the New Democratic Party (NDP) throughout his teenage years, but grew disenchanted with the party. He saw his experience of disillusionment resonating with Orwell's diagnosis, in The Road to Wigan Pier, of "the intellectual, tweed-wearing middle-class socialist" who "didn't like the poor; they just hated the rich".[17][22] He left the NDP at age 18.[23]

Education

After graduating from Fairview High School in 1979, Peterson entered the Grande Prairie Regional College to study political science and English literature.[2] He later transferred to the University of Alberta, where he completed his B.A. in political science in 1982.[23] Afterwards, he took a year off to visit Europe. There he began studying psychological origins of the Cold War, 20th-century European totalitarianism,[2][24] and the works of Carl Jung, Friedrich Nietzsche, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn,[17] and Fyodor Dostoyevsky.[24] He then returned to the University of Alberta and received a B.A. in psychology in 1984.[25] In 1985, he moved to Montreal to attend McGill University. He earned his Ph.D. in clinical psychology under the supervision of Robert O. Pihl in 1991, and remained as a post-doctoral fellow at McGill's Douglas Hospital until June 1993, working with Pihl and Maurice Dongier.[2][26]

Career

From July 1993 to June 1998,[1] Peterson lived in Arlington, Massachusetts, while teaching and conducting research at Harvard University as an assistant and an associate professor in the psychology department. During his time at Harvard, he studied aggression arising from drug and alcohol abuse and supervised a number of unconventional thesis proposals.[23] Two former Ph.D. students, Shelley Carson, a psychologist and teacher from Harvard, and author Gregg Hurwitz recalled that Peterson's lectures were already highly admired by the students.[4] In July 1998, he returned to Canada and took up a post as a full professor at the University of Toronto.[1][25]

Peterson's areas of study and research are in the fields of psychopharmacology, abnormal, neuro, clinical, personality, social, industrial and organizational,[1] religious, ideological,[2] political, and creativity psychology.[3] Peterson has authored or co-authored more than a hundred academic papers[27] and has been cited almost 8,000 times as of mid-2017. [28]

For most of his career, Peterson had an active clinical practice, seeing about 20 people a week. He had been active on social media, and in September 2016 he released a series of videos in which he criticized Bill C-16.[21][29] In 2017, he decided to put the clinical practice on hold,[9] as well as, in 2018, temporarily stopping teaching because of new projects.[18][30]

Works

Books

Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief (1999)

Main article: Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief

In 1999 Routledge published Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief. The book, which took Peterson 13 years to complete, describes a comprehensive theory about how people construct meaning, beliefs and make narratives using ideas from various fields including mythology, religion, literature, philosophy and psychology in accordance to the modern scientific understanding of how the brain functions.[23][5][31]

According to Peterson, his main goal was to examine why both individuals and groups participate in social conflict, explore the reasoning and motivation individuals take to support their belief systems (i.e. ideological identification[23]) that eventually results in killing and pathological atrocities like the Gulag, the Auschwitz concentration camp and the Rwandan genocide.[23][5][31] He considers that an "analysis of the world's religious ideas might allow us to describe our essential morality and eventually develop a universal system of morality".[31] Jungian archetypes play an important role in the book.[4]

In 2004, a 13-part TV series based on Peterson's book Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief aired on TVOntario.[17][25][32]

12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos (2018)

Main article: 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos

In January 2018, Penguin Random House published Peterson's second book, 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos. The work contains abstract ethical principles about life, in a more accessible style than Maps of Meaning.[9][4][10] To promote the book, Peterson went on a world tour.[33][34][35] As part of the tour, Peterson was interviewed in the UK by Cathy Newman on Channel 4 News which generated considerable attention, as well as popularity for the book.[36][37][38][39] The book topped bestselling lists in Canada, US and the United Kingdom.[40][41]

YouTube channel and podcasts

File:RubinAndPeterson.jpeg
Peterson (right) speaking to Dave Rubin in September 2018

In 2013, Peterson began recording his lectures ("Personality and Its Transformations", "Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief"[42]) and uploading them to YouTube. His YouTube channel has gathered more than 1.8 million subscribers and his videos have received more than 65 million views as of August 2018.[29][43] In January 2017, he hired a production team to film his psychology lectures at the University of Toronto. He used funds received on the crowdfunding website Patreon after he became embroiled in the Bill C-16 controversy in September 2016. His funding through Patreon has increased from $1,000 per month in August 2016 to $14,000 by January 2017, more than $50,000 by July 2017, and over $80,000 by May 2018.[21][29][44][45] In December 2018, Peterson decided to delete his Patreon account after its controversial bans of political personalities.[46]

Peterson has appeared on many podcasts, conversational series, as well other online shows.[43][47] In December 2016, Peterson started his own podcast, The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast, which has 53 episodes as of June 28, 2018, including academic guests such as Camille Paglia, Martin Daly, and James W. Pennebaker,[48] while on his channel he has also interviewed Stephen Hicks, Richard J. Haier, and Jonathan Haidt among others.[48] Peterson supported engineer James Damore in his action against Google.[10]

In May 2017, Peterson began The psychological significance of the Biblical stories,[49] a series of live theatre lectures, also published as podcasts, in which he analyzes archetypal narratives in Genesis as patterns of behavior ostensibly vital for personal, social and cultural stability.[10][50]

Self Authoring Suite

In 2005, Peterson and his colleagues set up a for-profit company to provide and produce a writing therapy program with a series of online writing exercises.[51] Titled the Self Authoring Suite,[17] it includes the Past Authoring Program (a guided autobiography); two Present Authoring Programs which allow the participant to analyze their personality faults and virtues in terms of the Big Five personality model; and the Future Authoring Program which guides participants through the process of planning their desired futures. The latter program was used with McGill University undergraduates on academic probation to improve their grades, as well as since 2011 at Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University.[52][53] The programs were developed partially from research by James W. Pennebaker at the University of Texas at Austin and Gary Latham at the Rotman School of Management of the University of Toronto.[4] Peterson's co-authored 2015 study showed significant reduction in ethnic and gender-group differences in performance, especially among ethnic minority male students.[53][54] According to Peterson, more than 10,000 students have used the program as of January 2017, with drop-out rates decreasing by 25% and GPAs rising by 20%.[17]

Views

The New York Times describes Peterson as "conservative-leaning"[55] while The Washington Post described him as "conservative".[56] Peterson has characterized himself as a "traditionalist"[57] or a "classical liberal".[58]

Academia and political correctness

Peterson's critiques of political correctness range over issues such as postmodernism, postmodern feminism, white privilege, cultural appropriation, and environmentalism.[47][59]

Writing in the National Post, Chris Selley said Peterson's opponents had "underestimated the fury being inspired by modern preoccupations like white privilege and cultural appropriation, and by the marginalization, shouting down or outright cancellation of other viewpoints in polite society's institutions",[60] while in The Spectator, Tim Lott stated Peterson became "an outspoken critic of mainstream academia".[24] Peterson's social media presence has magnified the impact of these views; Simona Chiose of The Globe and Mail noted: "few University of Toronto professors in the humanities and social sciences have enjoyed the global name recognition Prof. Peterson has won".[29]

According to his study – conducted with one of his students, Christine Brophy – of the relationship between political belief and personality, political correctness exists in two types: "PC-egalitarianism" and "PC-authoritarianism", which is a manifestation of "offense sensitivity".[61] He places classical liberals in the first type, and places so-called social justice warriors, who he says "weaponize compassion", in the second.[17][2] The study also found an overlap between PC-authoritarians and right-wing authoritarians.[61]

Peterson considers that the universities should be held as among the most responsible for the wave of political correctness which appeared in North America and Europe.[29] According to Peterson, he watched the rise of political correctness on campuses since the early 1990s,[62] and considers that the humanities have become corrupt, less reliant on science, and instead of "intelligent conversation, we are having an ideological conversation". From his own experience as a university professor, he states that the students who are coming to his classes are uneducated and unaware about the mass exterminations and crimes by Stalinism and Maoism, which were not given the same attention as fascism and Nazism. He also says that "instead of being ennobled or inculcated into the proper culture, the last vestiges of structure are stripped from [the students] by post-modernism and neo-Marxism, which defines everything in terms of relativism and power".[24][63][64]

Postmodernism and identity politics

And so since the 1970s, under the guise of postmodernism, we've seen the rapid expansion of identity politics throughout the universities, it's come to dominate all of the humanities – which are dead as far as I can tell – and a huge proportion of the social sciences ... We've been publicly funding extremely radical, postmodern leftist thinkers who are hellbent on demolishing the fundamental substructure of Western civilization. And that's no paranoid delusion. That's their self-admitted goal ... Jacques Derrida ... most trenchantly formulated the anti-Western philosophy that is being pursued so assiduously by the radical left.

— Peterson, 2017[63]

Peterson says that postmodern philosophers and sociologists since the 1960s[59] have built upon and extended certain core tenets of Marxism and communism while simultaneously appearing to disavow both ideologies. He says that it is difficult to understand contemporary Western society without considering the influence of a strain of postmodernism thought that migrated from France to the United States through the English department at Yale University. He states that certain academics in the humanities

... started to play a sleight of hand, and instead of pitting the proletariat, the working class, against the bourgeois, they started to pit the oppressed against the oppressor. That opened up the avenue to identifying any number of groups as oppressed and oppressor and to continue the same narrative under a different name ... The people who hold this doctrine – this radical, postmodern, communitarian doctrine that makes racial identity or sexual identity or gender identity or some kind of group identity paramount – they've got control over most low-to-mid level bureaucratic structures, and many governments as well.[63]

Peterson's perspective on the influence of postmodernism on North American humanities departments has been compared to Cultural Marxist conspiracy theories.[38][65][66][67]

Peterson says that “disciplines like women's studies should be defunded” and advises freshman students to avoid subjects like sociology, anthropology, English literature, ethnic studies and racial studies, as well as other fields of study he believes are corrupted by the Neo-Marxist ideology.[68][69][70] He says that these fields, under the pretense of academic inquiry, propagate unscientific methods, fraudulent peer-review processes for academic journals, publications that garner zero citations,[71] cult-like behaviour,[69] safe-spaces,[68] and radical left-wing political activism for students.[59] Peterson has proposed launching a website which uses artificial intelligence to identify and showcase the amount of ideologization in specific courses. He announced in November 2017 that he had temporarily postponed the project as "it might add excessively to current polarization".[72][73]

Peterson has criticized the use of the term "white privilege", stating that "being called out on their white privilege, identified with a particular racial group and then made to suffer the consequences of the existence of that racial group and its hypothetical crimes, and that sort of thing has to come to a stop. ... [It's] racist in its extreme".[59] In regard to identity politics, while the "left plays them on behalf of the oppressed, let's say, and the right tends to play them on behalf of nationalism and ethnic pride" he considers them "equally dangerous" and that instead should be emphasized individualism and individual responsibility.[74] He has also been prominent in the debate about cultural appropriation, stating it promotes self-censorship in society and journalism.[75]

Bill C-16

Main article: An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code

On September 27, 2016, Peterson released the first installment of a three-part lecture video series, entitled "Professor against political correctness: Part I: Fear and the Law".[21][76] In the video, he stated he would not use the preferred gender pronouns of students and faculty, saying it fell under compelled speech, and announced his objection to the Canadian government's Bill C-16, which proposed to add "gender identity or expression" as a prohibited ground of discrimination under the Canadian Human Rights Act, and to similarly expand the definitions of promoting genocide and publicly inciting hatred in the Criminal Code.[76][77]

He stated that his objection to the bill was based on potential free speech implications if the Criminal Code is amended, as he claimed he could then be prosecuted under provincial human rights laws if he refuses to call a transgender student or faculty member by the individual's preferred pronoun.[78] Furthermore, he argued that the new amendments, paired with section 46.3 of the Ontario Human Rights Code, would make it possible for employers and organizations to be subject to punishment under the code if any employee or associate says anything that can be construed "directly or indirectly" as offensive, "whether intentionally or unintentionally".[79] Other academics and lawyers challenged Peterson's interpretation of C-16.[78]

The series of videos drew criticism from transgender activists, faculty and labour unions, and critics accused Peterson of "helping to foster a climate for hate to thrive" and of "fundamentally mischaracterising" the law.[80][21] Protests erupted on campus, some including violence, and the controversy attracted international media attention.[81][82][83] When asked in September 2016 if he would comply with the request of a student to use a preferred pronoun, Peterson said "it would depend on how they asked me [...] If I could detect that there was a chip on their shoulder, or that they were [asking me] with political motives, then I would probably say no [...] If I could have a conversation like the one we're having now, I could probably meet them on an equal level".[83] Two months later, the National Post published an op-ed by Peterson in which he elaborated on his opposition to the bill and explained why he publicly made a stand against it:

I will never use words I hate, like the trendy and artificially constructed words "zhe" and "zher." These words are at the vanguard of a post-modern, radical leftist ideology that I detest, and which is, in my professional opinion, frighteningly similar to the Marxist doctrines that killed at least 100 million people in the 20th century. I have been studying authoritarianism on the right and the left for 35 years. I wrote a book, Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief, on the topic, which explores how ideologies hijack language and belief. As a result of my studies, I have come to believe that Marxism is a murderous ideology. I believe its practitioners in modern universities should be ashamed of themselves for continuing to promote such vicious, untenable and anti-human ideas, and for indoctrinating their students with these beliefs. I am therefore not going to mouth Marxist words. That would make me a puppet of the radical left, and that is not going to happen. Period.[84]

Peterson at the University of Toronto in March 2017

In response to the controversy, academic administrators at the University of Toronto sent Peterson two letters of warning, one noting that free speech had to be made in accordance with human rights legislation and the other adding that his refusal to use the preferred personal pronouns of students and faculty upon request could constitute discrimination. Peterson speculated that these warning letters were leading up to formal disciplinary action against him, but in December the university assured him that he would retain his professorship, and in January 2017 he returned to teach his psychology class at the University of Toronto.[85][21]

In February 2017, Maxime Bernier, candidate for leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, stated that he shifted his position on Bill C-16, from support to opposition, after meeting with Peterson and discussing it.[86] Peterson's analysis of the bill was also frequently cited by senators who were opposed to its passage.[87] In April 2017, Peterson was denied a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) grant for the first time in his career, which he interpreted as retaliation for his statements regarding Bill C-16.[28] A media relations adviser for SSHRC said "[c]ommittees assess only the information contained in the application".[88] In response, The Rebel Media launched an Indiegogo campaign on Peterson's behalf.[89] The campaign raised C$195,000 by its end on May 6, equivalent to over two years of research funding.[90] In May 2017, Peterson spoke against Bill C-16 at a Canadian Senate committee on legal and constitutional affairs hearing. He was one of 24 witnesses who were invited to speak about the bill.[87]

In November 2017, a teaching assistant at Wilfrid Laurier University first year communications course was censured by her professors for showing a segment of The Agenda, which featured Peterson debating Bill C-16 with another professor, during a classroom discussion about pronouns.[91][92][93] The reasons given for the censure included the clip creating a "toxic climate", being compared to a "speech by Hitler",[22] and being itself in violation of Bill C-16.[94] The censure was later withdrawn and both the professors and the university formally apologized.[95][96][97] The events were criticized by Peterson, as well as several newspaper editorial boards[98][99][100] and national newspaper columnists[101][102][103][104] as an example of the suppression of free speech on university campuses. In June 2018, Peterson filed a $1.5-million lawsuit against Wilfrid Laurier University, arguing that three staff members of the university had maliciously defamed him by making negative comments about him behind closed doors.[105] Wilfried Laurier asked that the lawsuit be dismissed, saying that it was ironic for a purported advocate of free speech to attempt to curtail free speech.[106]

Gender relations and masculinity

Peterson has argued that there is an ongoing "crisis of masculinity" and "backlash against masculinity" where the "masculine spirit is under assault".[16][107][108][109] He has argued that feminism and policies such as no-fault divorce have had adverse effects on gender relations and destabilized society.[107] He has argued that the existing societal hierarchy that the "left" has characterised as an "oppressive patriarchy" might "be predicated on competence."[16] Peterson has said that men without partners are likely to become violent, and has noted that "enforced monogamy", i.e. societies wherein monogamy is a social norm, decrease male violence.[16][107] He has attributed the rise of Donald Trump and far-right European politicians to what he says is a push to "feminize" men, saying "If men are pushed too hard to feminize they will become more and more interested in harsh, fascist political ideology."[110] He attracted considerable attention over a 2018 Channel 4 interview where he clashed with interviewer Cathy Newman on the topic of the gender pay gap.[111][112] Peterson disputed that the gender pay gap was solely due to sexual discrimination.[112][113][114] Writing for The New York Times, Nellie Bowles said that most of Peterson's ideas "stem from a gnawing anxiety around gender".[16]

Climate change

Peterson doubts the scientific consensus on climate change.[115] Peterson has said he is "very skeptical of the models that are used to predict climate change".[116] He has also said, "You can't trust the data because too much ideology is involved".[117]

Personal life

Peterson married Tammy Roberts in 1989.[21] They have one daughter and one son.[17][21]

Politically, Peterson has described himself as a classic British liberal,[118][24] and has stated that he is commonly mistaken to be right wing.[43] He is a philosophical pragmatist.[50] In a 2017 interview, Peterson was asked "are you a Christian?" and responded "I suppose the most straight-forward answer to that is yes".[119] In 2018, Peterson emphasized that his conceptualization of Christianity is probably not what is generally understood, stating that the ethical responsibility of a Christian is to imitate Christ, for him meaning "something like you need to take responsibility for the evil in the world as if you were responsible for it ... to understand that you determine the direction of the world, whether it's toward heaven or hell".[120] When asked if he believes in God, Peterson responded: "I think the proper response to that is No, but I'm afraid He might exist".[9] Writing for The Spectator, Tim Lott said Peterson draws inspiration from Jung's philosophy of religion, and holds views similar to the Christian existentialism of Søren Kierkegaard and Paul Tillich. Lott also said Peterson has respect for Taoism, as it views nature as a struggle between order and chaos, and posits that life would be meaningless without this duality.[24]

Starting around 2000, Peterson began collecting Soviet-era paintings,[22] displayed in his house as a reminder of, he argues, the relationship between totalitarian propaganda and art, and as examples of how idealistic visions can become totalitarian oppression and horror.[4][30] In 2016, Peterson became an honorary member of the extended family of Charles Joseph, a Kwakwaka'wakw artist, and was given the name Alestalagie ("Great Seeker").[22][121] Since late 2016, Peterson has been on a strict diet consisting only of meat and some vegetables, to control severe depression and an auto-immune disorder, including psoriasis and uveitis.[18][122] He stopped eating any vegetables in mid-2018.[123]

Bibliography

Books

  • Peterson, Jordan B. (1999). Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-92222-7.
  • Peterson, Jordan B. (2018). 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos. Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-0-345-81602-3.

Notable journal articles

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Jordan B Peterson". ResearchGate. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Tucker, Jason; VandenBeukel, Jason (December 1, 2016). "'We're teaching university students lies' – An interview with Dr Jordan Peterson". C2C Journal.
  3. ^ a b "Meaning Conference". International Network on Personal Meaning. July 2016. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Bartlett, Tom (January 17, 2018). "What's So Dangerous About Jordan Peterson?". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  5. ^ a b c Lambert, Craig (September 1998). "Chaos, Culture, Curiosity". Harvard Magazine.
  6. ^ McCord, Joan (2004). Beyond Empiricism: Institutions and Intentions in the Study of Crime. Transaction Publishers. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-4128-1806-3.
  7. ^ Ellens, J. Harold (2004). The Destructive Power of Religion: Models and cases of violence in religion. Praeger. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-275-97974-4.
  8. ^ Gregory, Erik M.; Rutledge, Pamela B. (2016). Exploring Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Well-Being. ABC-CLIO. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-61069-940-2.
  9. ^ a b c d e Blatchford, Christie (January 19, 2018). "Christie Blatchford sits down with 'warrior for common sense' Jordan Peterson". National Post. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d e Lott, Tim (January 21, 2018). "Jordan Peterson: 'The pursuit of happiness is a pointless goal'". The Observer. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  11. ^ Bill C-16 (2016), clause 2.
  12. ^ Weiss, Bari & Winter, Damon (2018), the Renegades of the Intellectual Dark Web, The New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2018: "The closest thing to a phone book for the I.D.W. is a sleek website that lists the dramatis personae of the network, including Mr. Harris; Mr. Weinstein and his brother and sister-in-law, the evolutionary biologists Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying; Jordan Peterson..."
  13. ^ Farrell, Henry (2018), The 'Intellectual Dark Web,' explained: what Jordan Peterson and Ben Shapiro have in common with the alt-right, Vox. Retrieved November 27, 2018: "The thinkers profiled included the neuroscientist and prominent atheist writer Sam Harris, the podcaster Dave Rubin, and University of Toronto psychologist and Chaos Dragon maven Jordan Peterson."
  14. ^ Malik, Nesrine (2018),If the 'Intellectual Dark Web' are being silenced, why must we keep hearing about them?, New Statesman. Retrieved November 27, 2018: "If you had struggled to come up with a collective noun for that disparate group of people that ranges from Milo Yiannopoulos to Sam Harris and includes Jordan Peterson...the New York Times has baptised them. They now have a name. The 'Intellectual Dark Web' or 'IDW'..."
  15. ^ "About", Peterson's official Facebook page
  16. ^ a b c d e Bowles, Nellie (May 18, 2018). "Jordan Peterson, Custodian of the Patriarchy", The New York Times. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h McBride, Jason (January 25, 2017). "The Pronoun Warrior". Toronto Life.
  18. ^ a b c Menon, Vinay (March 16, 2018). "Jordan Peterson is trying to make sense of the world — including his own strange journey". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  19. ^ Brown, Louise (April 17, 2007). "Schools a soft target for revenge-seekers". Toronto Star. Jordan Bernt Peterson of the University of Toronto.
  20. ^ Peterson, Jordan B. (March 23, 2017). "I am Dr Jordan B Peterson, U of T Professor, clinical psychologist, author of Maps of Meaning and creator of The SelfAuthoring Suite. Ask me anything!". Reddit. Bernt. Pronounced Bear-ent. It's Norwegian, after my great grandfather.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h Winsa, Patty (January 15, 2017). "He says freedom, they say hate. The pronoun fight is back". Toronto Star.
  22. ^ a b c d Brown, Mick (March 31, 2018). "How did controversial psychologist Jordan Peterson become an international phenomenon?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Krendl, Anne C. (April 26, 1995). "Jordan Peterson: Linking Mythology to Psychology". The Harvard Crimson.
  24. ^ a b c d e f Lott, Tim (September 20, 2017). "Jordan Peterson and the transgender wars". The Spectator. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  25. ^ a b c Staff writer(s) (January 27, 2004). "Former Fairviewite gets TV miniseries". Fairview Post.
  26. ^ Staff writer(s) (August 14, 2016). "Biography: Jordan Peterson". University of Toronto.
  27. ^ McCamon, Brent (March 28, 2017). "Wherefore Art Thou Peterson?". Convivium.
  28. ^ a b Blatchford, Christie (April 3, 2017). "'An opportunity to make their displeasure known': Pronoun professor denied government grant". National Post.
  29. ^ a b c d e Chiose, Simona (June 3, 2017). "Jordan Peterson and the trolls in the ivory tower". The Globe and Mail.
  30. ^ a b Bowles, Nellie (May 18, 2018). "Jordan Peterson, Custodian of the Patriarchy". The New York Times.
  31. ^ a b c Jordan Peterson (August 2015), "Summary and Guide to Jordan Peterson's Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief", Scribd, pp. 2–3, retrieved March 3, 2018
  32. ^ "Archive: Maps of Meaning". TVOntario.
  33. ^ Law, Katie (January 20, 2018). "Canadian psychologist Jordan Peterson: the 'anti-snowflake' crusader speaks out". London Evening Standard. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  34. ^ Murray, Douglas (January 20, 2018). "The curious star appeal of Jordan Peterson". The Spectator. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  35. ^ Heidenreich, Phil (January 20, 2018). "Edmonton's Citadel Theatre apologizes over how it handled Jordan Peterson event". Global News. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  36. ^ Doward, Jamie (January 21, 2018). "'Back off', controversial professor urges critics of C4 interviewer". The Observer. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
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  38. ^ a b Lynskey, Dorian (February 7, 2018). "How dangerous is Jordan B Peterson, the rightwing professor who 'hit a hornets' nest'?". The Guardian. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
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  40. ^ Dundas, Deborah (February 9, 2018). "Jordan Peterson's book is a bestseller – except where it matters most". Toronto Star. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  41. ^ Reyna, Xavier Austin (February 23, 2018). "Why Jordan Peterson Is Such a Crucial Figure for the Community". EStudy Breaks. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  42. ^ Psychology Students' Association (PDF), Arts & Science Student Union Anti-Calendar, June 2010, pp. 189, 193, retrieved November 14, 2017
  43. ^ a b c Callagahan, Greg (April 19, 2018). "Right-winger? Not me, says alt-right darling Jordan Peterson". The Sunday Morning Herald. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  44. ^ McKeen, Alex (July 4, 2017). "Controversial U of T professor making nearly $50,000 a month through crowdfunding". The Star.
  45. ^ Hern, Alex (May 14, 2018). "The rise of Patreon – the website that makes Jordan Peterson $80k a month". The Guardian.
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External links

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