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List of earthquakes in Japan

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"Japanese earthquake" redirects here. For the 11 March 2011 earthquake in the Tōhoku region, see 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
Earthquakes M5.5+ around Japan (1900–2016)
M7.0–7.9=163 EQs, M8.0+=14 EQs.[1]

This is a list of earthquakes in Japan with either a magnitude greater than or equal to 7.0 or which caused significant damage or casualties. As indicated below, magnitude is measured on the Richter magnitude scale (ML) or the moment magnitude scale (Mw), or the surface wave magnitude scale (Ms) for very old earthquakes. The present list is not exhaustive, and furthermore reliable and precise magnitude data is scarce for earthquakes that occurred before the development of modern measuring instruments.

History

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Although there is mention of an earthquake in Yamato in what is now Nara Prefecture on August 23, 416, the first earthquake to be reliably documented took place in Nara prefecture on May 28, 599 during the reign of Empress Suiko, destroying buildings throughout Yamato province.[2][3][4] Many historical records of Japanese earthquakes exist. The Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee was created in 1892 to conduct a systematic collation of the available historical data, published in 1899 as the Catalogue of Historical Data on Japanese Earthquakes.[4]

Following the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee was superseded by the Earthquake Research Institute in 1925.[3] In modern times, the catalogues compiled by Tatsuo Usami [ja] are considered to provide the most authoritative source of information on historic earthquakes, with the 2003 edition detailing 486 that took place between 416 and 1888.[3]

Earthquake measurement

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In Japan, the Shindo scale is commonly used to measure earthquakes by seismic intensity instead of magnitude. This is similar to the Modified Mercalli intensity scale used in the United States or the Liedu scale used in China, meaning that the scale measures the intensity of an earthquake at a given location instead of measuring the energy an earthquake releases at its epicenter (its magnitude) as the Richter scale does.[5]

Unlike other seismic intensity scales, which normally have twelve levels of intensity, shindo (震度, seismic intensity, literally "degree of shaking") as used by the Japan Meteorological Agency is a unit with ten levels, ranging from shindo zero, a very light tremor, to shindo seven, a severe earthquake.[5] Intermediate levels for earthquakes with shindo five and six are "weak" or "strong", according to the degree of destruction they cause. Earthquakes measured at shindo four and lower are considered to be weak to mild, while those measured at five and above can cause heavy damage to furniture, wall tiles, wooden houses, reinforced concrete buildings, roads, gas and water pipes.[5]

List

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Date and time Magnitude Fatalities Name of quake Name in Kanji  Rōmaji name Epicenter Description
November 29, 684 (proleptic Gregorian calendar)
November 26, 684 (Julian calendar)		 8.4 MK (Kawasumi scale)[6] 101–1,000 684 Hakuhō earthquake 白鳳南海地震 Hakuhou Nankai jishin 32°48′N 134°18′E / 32.8°N 134.3°E / 32.8; 134.3 Various references estimate the quake's magnitude at 8.0 to 8.4, with damage being "severe". The dates of the quake have also been listed variously as October 14 (incorrect date) and November 24.[7] It was at this point in time that the Japanese confirmed the link between earthquakes and tsunamis, and began keeping detailed records of them. Their tsunami records are studied by geologists to this day.[citation needed]
June 5, 745 (G)
June 1, 745 (J)		 7.9 MK   occurred in Mino Province 天平地震 Tenpyō jishin 34°48′N 135°30′E / 34.8°N 135.5°E / 34.8; 135.5 Some references describe the quake as occurring on June 9[8]
July 13, 869 (G)
July 9, 869 (J)		 8.9 MK 1,000+[9] 869 Jōgan earthquake 貞観地震 Jōgan jishin 38°30′N 143°48′E / 38.5°N 143.8°E / 38.5; 143.8 The resulting tsunami caused extensive flooding of the Sendai plain, destroying the town of Tagajō.[10]
May 27, 1293 (G)
May 20, 1293 (J)		 7.1 Ms 23,024[11] 1293 Kamakura earthquake 鎌倉大地震 Kamakura Daijishin 35°12′N 139°24′E / 35.2°N 139.4°E / 35.2; 139.4 The earthquake struck close to the city of Kamakura, Kanagawa and its magnitude has been estimated in the 7.1–7.5 range.[12] It possibly triggered a tsunami (though not all experts agree)[13][14] and the death toll has been reported as 23,024.[11]
August 3, 1361 (G)
July 26, 1361 (J)		 8.4 Ms 1361 Shōhei earthquake 正平南海地震 Shōhei Nankai Jishin 33°00′N 135°00′E / 33.0°N 135.0°E / 33.0; 135.0 Triggered a tsunami.[15][16]
September 20, 1498 (G)
September 11, 1498 (J)		 8.6 MK 31,000[17] 1498 Meiō earthquake 明応地震 Meiō jishin 34°00′N 138°06′E / 34.0°N 138.1°E / 34.0; 138.1 Occurred off the coast of Nankai, Japan, at about 08:00 local time on 20 September 1498. It had a magnitude estimated at 8.6[17] MS and triggered a large tsunami. The death toll associated with this event is uncertain, but 31,000 casualties were reported.[18]
January 18, 1586 7.9 MK 1586 Tenshō earthquake 天正大地震 Tenshō Daijishin Some islands in Ise Bay reportedly disappeared.[19][20]
February 3, 1605 7.9 MK 5,000+[21] 1605 Keichō earthquake 慶長大地震 Keichō Daijishin 33°30′N 138°30′E / 33.5°N 138.5°E / 33.5; 138.5 The 1605 Keichō Nankaidō earthquake occurred at about 20:00 local time on 3 February. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.9 on the surface wave magnitude scale and triggered a devastating tsunami that resulted in thousands of deaths in the Nankai and Tōkai regions of Japan. It is uncertain whether there were two separate earthquakes separated by a short time interval or a single event. It is referred to as a tsunami earthquake, in that the size of the tsunami greatly exceeds that expected from the magnitude of the earthquake.[22]
September 27, 1611 6.9 MK 3,700+ (Official estimate) 1611 Aizu earthquake 会津地震 Aizu Jishin Aizu basin, (Present day of Fukushima Prefecture) According to official estimated report, more than 3,700 human fatalities. Aizuwakamatsu Castle, many temples, and 20,000 houses collapsed in the damaged areas.
December 2, 1611 8.1 2,000+ 1611 Sanriku earthquake 慶長三陸地震 Keichō Sanriku Jishin 39°00′N 144°24′E / 39.0°N 144.4°E / 39.0; 144.4 Occurred on December 2, 1611, with an epicenter off the Sanriku coast in Iwate Prefecture. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1M.[23]
June 16, 1662 7.25 – 7.6 M 700–900[24] 1662 Kanbun earthquake 寛文近江・若狭地震 kanbun Ōmi wakasa jishin Lake Biwa south Strong tremor in Ōmi · Wakasa area. This earthquake is causing crustal deformation (East of Lake Suigetsu: Rose 4.5 m (15 ft)).[25]
October 30, 1662 7.9 Mw  200 1662 Hyūga-nada earthquake - - Offshore Kyushu Major tsunami and seismic shaking damage.[26]
1667 8.5–9.0 M unknown 1667 Kanbun Tokachi-oki earthquake 寛文十勝沖地震 (scientific) kanbun Tokachi-oki jishin Offshore Tokachi region Inferred earthquake from tsunami deposits near Kushiro, Kuril Trench rupture. No record as the region was not yet under Japanese control.[27][28]
November 4, 1677 8.3–8.6 Mw  569 1677 Bōsō earthquake 延宝房総沖地震 Enpō Bōsō-oki Jishin Offshore Bōsō Peninsula This earthquake was felt with low intensity, but generated a large tsunami that killed 569 people. It is thought to have ruptured the interface between the Pacific Plate and the Okhotsk Plate at the southern end of the Japan Trench.[29]
December 31, 1703 8.0 ML 5,233 1703 Genroku earthquake 元禄大地震 Genroku Daijishin Edo
October 28, 1707 8.6 ML 5,000+ 1707 Hōei earthquake 宝永地震 Hōei jishin Off the Kii Peninsula Struck both the Nankaidō and Tōkai regions, causing moderate to severe damage throughout southwestern Honshu, Shikoku and southeastern Kyūshū.[30] This event also marked the last eruption of Mount Fuji to date.
April 24, 1771 7.4 MK 13,486[31] 1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami 八重山地震 Yaeyama jishin 24°00′N 124°18′E / 24.0°N 124.3°E / 24.0; 124.3 The 1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami (also called 明和の大津波, the Great Tsunami of Meiwa) was caused by the Yaeyama Great Earthquake at about 8 A.M. on April 24. 13,486 people (including 9,313 in Yaeyama Islands (8,815 in Ishigaki Island), 2,548 in Miyako Islands and 1,625 in other areas) were confirmed to be dead or missing and more than 3,000 houses were destroyed.[31] The height of the tsunami was over 40 m (130 ft) at Ishigaki Island, up to a maximum of 85.4 m (280 ft) in the village called Miyara. In Tarama, estimated tsunami runup height was approximately 18 m (59 ft). To this day, boulders reportedly launched by the tsunami (called "tsunami stones") remain in the northwestern highlands of Miyakojima. According to unverified local legend, a small unnamed island in the area was swallowed by the tsunami and disappeared.
May 21, 1792 6.4 MK 15,448[32] 1792 Unzen landslide and tsunami[clarification needed] 島原大変肥後迷惑 Unzen jishin
(Shimabara Taihen Higo Meiwaku)		 32°48′N 130°18′E / 32.8°N 130.3°E / 32.8; 130.3
Changes to the Ariake Sea coastline, in the center of Mount Unzen, Kumamoto Prefecture (right) and the Amakusa Islands (see below) were affected by the tsunami
An earthquake caused by volcanic activity of Mount Unzen (in the Shimabara Peninsula Nagasaki, Japan). It killed 15,000 people altogether, due in large part to a tsunami that was triggered by the collapse of nearby Mount Mayuyama's southern flank into the bay. The incident is also referred to with the phrase 'Shimabara erupted, Higo affected' (島原大変肥後迷惑), as many people in Higo, (Kumamoto, located 20 km (12 mi) away across the Ariake Sea) were also killed by the resulting tsunami, which then bounced back to hit Shimabara again.[32]
December 18, 1828 6.9 MK 1,559 (official confirmed) 1828 Sanjō earthquake 三条地震 Sanjō Jishin Sanjo, Niigata Prefecture (then Echigo Province) According to the official confirmed report, 21,134 houses and buildings were damaged, and 1,204 of them burned down. There were 1,559 human fatalities, and 2,666 injured people in the affected area.
December 7, 1833 7.5 MJMA 150 1833 Shōnai earthquake 庄内沖地震 Shōnai-oki Jishin Shōnai, Yamagata Prefecture Destructive tsunami, one of the largest tsunamis in the Sea of Japan.
May 8, 1847 7.3 M 8,600+ 1847 Zenkoji earthquake 善光寺地震 Zenkōji Jishin Nagano Basin (then Shinano Province) In the central area of Nagano, many buildings collapsed, including Zenkōji temple. The earthquake triggered a complex variety of resulting disasters, which included fires, landslides, and flooding due to the formation and subsequent collapse of a "dam" made of debris from the collapsed buildings. According to the confirmed official report, the death toll throughout the region reached at least 8,600. 21,000 houses were damaged and 3,400 burned, and an additional 44,000 homes were damaged by the landslides in the area.
July 9, 1854 7.25 MK 995 (official confirmed) 1854 Iga–Ueno earthquake 伊賀上野地震 Iga Ueno Jishin Iga, Mie Prefecture (then Iga Province) According to the official confirmed report, 2,576 houses and buildings were damaged, with 995 human fatalities and 994 injures in the affected area.
December 23, 1854 8.4 MK 2,000 (estimated)[33] 1854 Tōkai earthquake 安政東海地震 Ansei Tōkai Jishin Suruga Bay
December 24, 1854 8.4 MK 10,000+ 1854 Nankai earthquake 安政南海地震 Ansei Nankai Jishin Nankai Trough Over 10,000 people from the Tōkai region down to Kyushu were killed.[34]
November 11, 1855 6.9 MK 6,641 1855 Edo earthquake 安政江戸地震 Ansei Edo Jishin Edo, near the mouth of the Arakawa River
Edo earthquake in 1855
April 9, 1858 7.0 200–300 1858 Hietsu earthquake 飛越地震 Hietsu Jishin Atotsugawa Fault
March 18, 1872 7.1 MK 551 (official confirmed) 1872 Hamada earthquake 浜田地震 Hamada Jishin off coast Hamada, Shimane Prefecture According to the official confirmed report, 4506 houses were damaged by the earthquake, 230 houses were burned, 551 people were killed, and landslides destroyed 6567 homes in the affected area. This quake occurred at 16:40 local time.
February 22, 1880 5.5–6.0 0 1880 Yokohama earthquake 横浜地震 Yokohama Jishin Yokohama City The damage was minor. However, the Seismological Society of Japan was established in response to the quake.[35]
July 28, 1889 6.3 20 1889 Kumamoto earthquake 熊本地震 Kumamoto Jishin Tatsuda fault First major earthquake after the establishment of the Seismological Society of Japan in 1880.
October 28, 1891 8.0 ML 7,273 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake 濃尾地震 Nōbi Jishin Neodani Fault
June 20, 1894 6.6 ML 31 1894 Tokyo earthquake 明治東京地震 Meiji-Tokyo Jishin Tokyo Bay The death toll was 31 killed and 157 injured.
October 22, 1894 7.0 ML 726 (Official confirmed) 1894 Shōnai earthquake 庄内地震 Shōnai Jishin Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture According to the official confirmed report, 14,118 houses and buildings were damaged and 2,148 were burned. There were 726 human fatalities and 8,403 people injured in the damaged area. A large-scale fire broke out in Sakata, and around the Shonai plain area, many instances of cracked earth, sinking ground, sand boils, and fountains were observed.
June 15, 1896 8.5 ML 22,000+[36] 1896 Sanriku earthquake 明治三陸地震 Meiji Sanriku Jishin   This quake occurred off the coast of Sanriku in Iwate Prefecture, which caused a tsunami of 25 m (82 ft) to strike 35 minutes after the quake, destroying hundreds of houses and killed over 22,000 people. Tsunami were also observed as far away as Hawaii and in California.[37][38]
September 1, 1923 8.3 ML 142,800[39] 1923 Great Kantō earthquake 大正関東地震
(関東大震災)		 Taishō Kantō Jishin
(Kantō Daishinsai)		 Izu Ōshima
May 23, 1925 6.8 ML 428 1925 North Tajima earthquake 北但馬地震 Kita Tajima Jishin Toyooka in Hyōgo Prefecture 35°36′N 134°48′E / 35.6°N 134.8°E / 35.6; 134.8 According to the Japanese government's official report, there were 428 human fatalities, 1,016 people injured, 7,863 buildings destroyed, and 45,659 houses damaged by collapse or fire. This quake caused extensive damage to the town of Toyooka and the Maruyama River area. Just before the shaking could be felt, a sound like a cannon was reportedly heard intermittently from the direction of the estuary near the Maruyama River. During the earthquake, the ground in the town of Tokyooka experienced strong seismic vibrations for 16 seconds. As most of the buildings of the time were wooden, many of them were destroyed at once during the initial earthquake. In the fire that broke out subsequently, half of Toyooka was burned down, with many deaths resulting (a reported 8% of the town's population.) 272 deaths were confirmed to have occurred in the Kinosaki area.
March 7, 1927 7.6 ML 3,020 1927 North Tango earthquake 北丹後地震 Kita Tango Jishin Tango Peninsula in Kyoto Prefecture Almost all of the houses in Mineyama (now part of Kyōtango) were destroyed, and the quake was felt as far away as Tokyo and Kagoshima.[40]
November 26, 1930 7.3 Ms 272 1930 North Izu earthquake 1930年北伊豆地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-sanjū-nen Kita-Izu Jishin Izu Peninsula
March 3, 1933 8.4 Mw[41] 3,000+ 1933 Sanriku earthquake 昭和三陸地震 Shōwa Sanriku Jishin 290 km (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate
Kamaishi Bay, Iwate after 1933 earthquake and tsunami
November 3, 1936 7.2 Ms 0 1936 Miyagi earthquake 1936年宮城県沖地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-sanjūroku-nen Miyagi-ken-oki Jishin offshore Miyagi
August 2, 1940 7.5 Mw 10 1940 Shakotan earthquake 1940積丹半島沖地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-yonjū-nen Shakotan-oki Jishin offshore Hokkaido
September 10, 1943 7.2 ML 1,083 1943 Tottori earthquake 鳥取地震 Tottori Jishin offshore from Ketaka District
December 7, 1944 8.1 Mw 1,223 1944 Tōnankai earthquake 昭和東南海地震 Shōwa Tōnankai Jishin 34°00′N 137°06′E / 34.0°N 137.1°E / 34.0; 137.1 This earthquake occurred on Dec. 7, 1944, at 13:35 local time (04:35 UTC). Its moment magnitude was 8.1 and it was felt with a maximum intensity of 5 on the Shindo scale (or VII, "Severe", on the Mercalli intensity scale). It struck the provinces along the coast of the Tōkai region, causing serious damage and triggering a tsunami. The earthquake and tsunami combined killed 1,223 people, with injuries reported to have affected 20,000 people or more.[42]
January 13, 1945 6.8 ML 1,180 + 1,126 missing 1945 Mikawa earthquake 三河地震 Mikawa Jishin Mikawa Bay An earthquake which occurred off Mie and Aichi prefectures, Japan at 03:38 on January 13, 1945.
December 20, 1946 8.1 Mw 1,362 1946 Nankai earthquake 昭和南海地震 Shōwa Nankai Jishin Nankai Trough A major earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan. Occurred on December 20, 1946, at 19:19 UTC. The earthquake was felt from Northern Honshū to Kyūshū.[43]
June 28, 1948 7.1 Mw 3,769 1948 Fukui earthquake 福井地震 Fukui Jishin near Maruoka, Fukui 36°06′N 136°10′E / 36.10°N 136.17°E / 36.10; 136.17 A major earthquake in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It struck at 5:13 p.m. on June 28, 1948 (the then Japan Daylight Saving Time; JDT).[44]
March 4, 1952 8.1 Mw 28 1952 Hokkaido earthquake 1952年十勝沖地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-goūjūni-nen Tokachi-oki Jishin 42°18′N 144°54′E / 42.3°N 144.9°E / 42.3; 144.9 The 1952 Hokkaido earthquake took place around March 4, 1952 in the sea east of Hokkaido. On the Moment magnitude scale, it measured 8.1. Casualties occurred due to the earthquake.[45]
August 19, 1961 7.0 8 1961 North Mino earthquake 北美濃地震 Kitamino Jishin 36°6′7″N 136°42′0″E / 36.10194°N 136.70000°E / 36.10194; 136.70000 One of the earthquakes that the Japan Meteorological Agency named for the.[46] 8 people dead.[47]
June 16, 1964 7.6 Mw 26 1964 Niigata earthquake 新潟地震 Niigata Jishin 50 km north of Niigata The earthquake caused widespread soil liquefaction in the city of Niigata, resulting in unusually high levels of damage to buildings for the felt intensity.[48]
April 1, 1968 7.5 Mw 0 1968 Hyūga-nada earthquake 1968年日向灘地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-rokujūhachi-nen Hyūga-nada Jishin Hyūga-nada Sea [49]
May 16, 1968 8.2 Mw 52 1968 Tokachi earthquake 1968年十勝沖地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-rokujūhachi-nen Tokachi-oki Jishin Offshore of Misawa, Japan This earthquake struck off the coast of Honshu Island, near Misawa Japan, Aomori Prefecture, and was followed by a significant tsunami. The earthquake and ensuing tsunami claimed 52 lives and resulted in significant material damage in Northern Japan.[50][51]
June 17, 1973 7.8 Mw 0 1973 Nemuro earthquake 1973根室半島沖地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-nanajūsan-nen Nemurohantō-oki Jishin near Nemuro Peninsula
May 9, 1974 6.5 Ms 25 1974 Izu Peninsula earthquake 1974年伊豆半島沖地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-nanajūyo-nen Izu-hantō-oki Jishin near Izu Peninsula
June 12, 1978 7.7 Ms 28 1978 Miyagi earthquake 宮城県沖地震 Miyagi-ken-oki jishin just offshore Miyagi Prefecture Damage was greatest around Sendai, and the earthquake triggered widespread landslides.[52][53]
May 26, 1983 7.8 Ms 104 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake 日本海中部地震 Nihonkai-chubu jishin off coast 50 miles (80 kilometers)from Noshiro, Akita Prefecture Rising up to 9.1 m (30 ft) above the coastline, the tsunami created by this earthquake was observed throughout a wide area along the Sea of Japan's coast and caused damage from Tsuruoka to Goshogawara. 100 people lost their lives to the tsunami, including seawall construction workers and beachgoers. In total, 104 people were killed. Soil liquification was widely observed through the affected area.
September 14, 1984 6.3 Ms 29 1984 Otaki earthquake 長野県西部地震 Nagano-ken-seibu jishin Mount Ontake, Otaki, Nagano Prefecture Overall, 29 people were killed and 10 injured.
December 17, 1987 6.7 Mw 2 1987 Chiba earthquake 千葉県東方沖地震 Chiba Toho-oki jishin 2 people killed and 146 injured.[54]
January 15, 1993 7.6 Mw  2 1993 Kushiro–Oki earthquake 釧路沖地震 Kushiro-Oki Jishin 43°00′00″N 143°41′28″E / 43.000°N 143.691°E / 43.000; 143.691
July 12, 1993 7.7 Mw 202 1993 Hokkaidō earthquake 北海道南西沖地震 Hokkaidō Nansei Oki Jishin 42°51′04″N 139°11′49″E / 42.851°N 139.197°E / 42.851; 139.197
December 28, 1994 7.7 Mw 3 1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake 三陸はるか沖地震 Sanriku-haruka-oki Jishin 40°27′04″N 143°29′28″E / 40.451°N 143.491°E / 40.451; 143.491 [55]
January 17, 1995 7.3 Mj 6,434 Great Hanshin earthquake 兵庫県南部地震
(阪神・淡路大震災)		 Hyōgoken Nanbu Jishin
(Hanshin-Awaji Daishinsai )		 northern end of Awaji Island
Damage in Kobe
An earthquake in Japan that occurred on Tuesday January 17, 1995 at 05:46 JST in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture. It measured Mw 6.8 on the Moment magnitude scale (USGS),[56] and Mj7.3 on the revised (7.2 on the old) JMA magnitude scale.[57] The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The hypocenter of the earthquake was located 16 km (9.9 mi) beneath its epicenter,[57] on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km (12 mi) away from the city of Kobe.
May 4, 1998 7.5 Mw 0 1998 Ryukyu Islands earthquake 石垣島南方沖地震 Ishigakijima nanpō-oki jishin 22°18′N 125°18′E / 22.30°N 125.30°E / 22.30; 125.30 The epicentre was in the Philippine Sea, far off the coast (260 km from Ishigaki Island, Japan, 400 km from Basco, Philippines, and 425 km from Hualien, Taiwan).[58]
March 24, 2001 6.7 Mw 2 2001 Geiyo earthquake 2001年芸予地震 Nisen-ichi-nen Gēyo Jishin 34°04′59″N 128°01′12″E / 34.083°N 128.020°E / 34.083; 128.020
September 25, 2003 8.3 Mw 1 2003 Tokachi earthquake 2003年十勝沖地震 Nisen-san-nen Tokachi-oki Jishin 41°47′N 143°52′E / 41.78°N 143.86°E / 41.78; 143.86 An earthquake occurring in Hokkaido on September 25, 2003. It measured 8.3 on the Moment magnitude scale and caused extensive damage to roads all around Hokkaido, several power outages, and landslides which resulted in further damage.[59]
October 23, 2004 6.6 Mw 68 2004 Chūetsu earthquake 新潟県中越地震 Chūetsu Jishin Ojiya, Niigata Occurred at 5:56 p.m. (local time) on Saturday, October 23, 2004. The initial earthquake caused noticeable shaking across almost half of Honshū, including parts of the Tohoku, Hokuriku, Chūbu, and Kantō regions.
March 20, 2005 7.0 Mw 1 2005 Fukuoka earthquake 福岡県西方沖地震 Fukuoka-ken Seihō Oki Jishin Fukuoka PrefectureIn the Genkai Sea about 6 km (3.7 mi) northwest of Genkai Island at the mouth of Fukuoka Harbor This earthquake struck Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan at 10:53:40 JST on March 20 and lasted for approximately 50 seconds.
August 16, 2005 7.2 Mw 0 2005 Miyagi earthquake 宮城県沖地震 Miyagi-ken Oki Jishin Miyagi Prefectureabout 55 km (34 mi) due east of the Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture
November 15, 2006 8.3 Mw 0 2006 Kuril Islands earthquake 2006年千島列島沖地震 Nisen-roku-nen Chishima Rettō Oki Jishin Kuril Islands about 160 km (99 mi) due east of the southern tip of Simushir in the Kuril Islands The earthquake happened at 20:29 JST on November 15, 2006, causing a tsunami to hit the Japanese northern coast.
January 13, 2007 8.1 Mw 0 2007 Kuril Islands earthquake 2007年千島列島沖地震 Nisen-nana-nen Chishima Rettō Oki Jishin 46°28.8′N 154°04.48′E / 46.4800°N 154.07467°E / 46.4800; 154.07467 The earthquake happened at 1:23 p.m. JST (04:23 UTC) and resulted in a tsunami warning but did not cause significant damage.[60] The epicentre was located 95 km to the south east of the 2006 Kuril Islands earthquake that struck a few weeks earlier.
March 25, 2007 6.9 Mw 1 2007 Noto earthquake 能登半島地震 Noto Hantō Jishin Ishikawa Prefectureabout 11 km (6.8 mi) due west of the southern end of the town of Wajima
July 16, 2007 6.6 Mw 11 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake 新潟県中越沖地震 Niigata-ken Chūetsu Oki Jishin Niigata Prefectureabout 29 km (18 mi) west of Niigata The earthquake[61]) was a powerful magnitude 6.6 earthquake[62][63] that occurred 10:13 a.m. local time (01:13 UTC) on July 16, 2007, in the northwest Niigata region of Japan.[62] Eleven deaths and at least 1,000 injuries have been reported, and 342 buildings were completely destroyed, mostly older wooden structures.[62][64][65]
June 14, 2008 6.9 Mw 12 2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake 岩手・宮城内陸地震 Iwate Miyagi Nairiku Jishin Iwate Prefectureabout 1 km (0.62 mi) east of Narusawa Onsen in northwest Iwate Prefecture This earthquake struck the central Tōhoku region, in northeastern Honshū, Japan.[66]
August 11, 2009 6.6 Mw 1 2009 Shizuoka earthquake 駿河湾地震 Suruga-wan Jishin 33°48′N 138°30′E / 33.8°N 138.50°E / 33.8; 138.50, depth 20.0 km [67]
February 26, 2010 7.0 Mw 1 Ryūkyū Islands earthquake 沖縄本島近海地震 Okinawa-hontō-kinkai Jishin 25°54′07″N 128°25′01″E / 25.902°N 128.417°E / 25.902; 128.417, depth 22.0 km [68]
December 21, 2010 7.4 Mw 0 Bonin Islands earthquake 父島近海地震 Chichijima-kinkai Jishin 26°51′58″N 143°44′20″E / 26.866°N 143.739°E / 26.866; 143.739, depth 14.9 km [69]
March 9, 2011 7.2 Mw 0 2011 Tōhoku earthquake foreshock 東北地方太平洋沖地震(Foreshock)
(東日本大震災)		 Tōhokuchihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin
(Higashi Nihon Dai-Shinsai)		 38°25′26″N 142°50′10″E / 38.424°N 142.836°E / 38.424; 142.836, depth 32 km [70]
March 11, 2011
05:46:23 UTC
(14:46 JST)		 9.1 Mw 19,759 deaths,[71] (2,553 people missing[72])
 2011 Tōhoku earthquake 東北地方太平洋沖地震
(東日本大震災)		 Tōhokuchihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin
(Higashi Nihon Dai-Shinsai)		 38°30′36″N 142°47′31″E / 38.510°N 142.792°E / 38.510; 142.792, depth 29 km
Damage in Sendai

This megathrust earthquake's hypocenter was reported to be off the Oshika Peninsula, the east coast of Tōhoku[73] It was the strongest to hit Japan and one of the top five largest earthquakes in the world since seismological record-keeping began.[74][75][76] It was followed by a tsunami with waves of up to 40 m (130 ft) along the Sanriku coast.[77] The disaster left thousands dead and inflicted extensive material damage to buildings and infrastructure that led to significant accidents at four major nuclear power stations.

March 11, 2011
06:25:50 UTC		 7.1 Mw 0 2011 Tōhoku earthquake aftershock 東北地方太平洋沖地震(Aftershock)
(東日本大震災)		 Tōhokuchihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin
(Higashi Nihon Dai-Shinsai)		 38°06′22″N 144°33′11″E / 38.106°N 144.553°E / 38.106; 144.553, depth 19.7 km "Magnitude 7.1 - Off the East Coast of Honshu, JAPAN REGION". Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-03-17. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
April 7, 2011
23:32:44 JST		 7.1 Mw 4 April 2011 Miyagi earthquake 宮城県沖地震 Miyagi-ken Oki Jishin 38°15′11″N 141°38′24″E / 38.253°N 141.640°E / 38.253; 141.640, depth 49 km [78]
April 11, 2011
17:16:13 JST		 6.6 Mw 6 April 2011 Fukushima earthquake 福島県浜通り地震 Fukushima-ken Hamadori Jishin 37°00′25″N 140°28′37″E / 37.007°N 140.477°E / 37.007; 140.477, depth 10 km "Magnitude 6.6 - East Honshu, JAPAN REGION". Earthquake.usgs.gov. 11 April 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-30.
July 10, 2011
10:57:12 JST		 7.0 Mw 0 2011 Tōhoku earthquake aftershock 福島県浜通り地震 Fukushima-ken Hamadori Jishin 38°02′24″N 143°17′13″E / 38.040°N 143.287°E / 38.040; 143.287, depth 49 km Quake was centered c. 242 km SW of Hachijo-jima[79][80]
January 1, 2012
14:27:54 JST		 6.8 Mw 0 Izu Islands, Japan 鳥島近海地震 Torishima-kinkai Jishin 31°24′58″N 138°09′18″E / 31.416°N 138.155°E / 31.416; 138.155, depth 348.5 km 242 km (150 miles) SW of Hachijo-jima, Izu Islands, Japan 365 km (226 miles) S of Hamamatsu, Honshu, Japan
December 7, 2012
17:18:24 JST		 7.3 Mw 3 2012 Sanriku earthquake 三陸沖地震 Sanriku Oki Jishin 37°42′00″N 144°36′00″E / 37.700°N 144.600°E / 37.700; 144.600, depth 32.0 km 293 km (182 miles) SE of Kamaishi, Japan
492 km (306 miles) ENE of Tokyo, Japan[81]
October 26, 2013
02:10:19 JST		 7.1 Mw 0 Off the east coast of Honshu 福島県沖地震 Fukushima-ken oki jishin 37°09′22″N 144°39′40″E / 37.156°N 144.661°E / 37.156; 144.661, 35.0 km depth [82]
November 22, 2014

22:08:18 JST

6.2 Mw

6.7 MJMA

2014 Nagano earthquake 長野県地震 Nagano-ken jishin 36°38′28″N 137°53′17″E / 36.641°N 137.888°E / 36.641; 137.888

9.0 km depth

The earthquake injured 41 people and affected the entire Chubu region. The quake also generated many surface ruptures, mostly near Hakuba Village.[83][84]
May 30, 2015
20:23:02 JST		 7.8 Mw 0 2015 Ogasawara earthquake 小笠原諸島西方沖地震 Ogasawara-shoto Seihō Oki Jishin 27°49′52″N 140°29′35″E / 27.831°N 140.493°E / 27.831; 140.493, depth 677.6 km 189 km (117 mi) WNW of Chichijima, Japan[85]
April 14, 2016
21:26:39 JST		 6.2 Mw 9 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes 平成28年（2016年）熊本地震 Heisei-28-nen (2016-nen) Kumamoto jishin depth 10.0 km 7 km (4.34 miles) SW of Ueki, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan[86]
April 16, 2016
01:25:06 JST		 7.0 Mw 273 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes 平成28年（2016年）熊本地震 Heisei-28-nen (2016-nen) Kumamoto jishin 32°47′28″N 130°45′14″E / 32.791°N 130.754°E / 32.791; 130.754, depth 10.0 km 1 km (0.62 miles) E of Kumamoto, Japan[87]
November 22, 2016
05:59:49 JST		 6.9 Mw 0 2016 Fukushima earthquake 福島県沖地震 Fukushima-ken oki jishin 37°23′31″N 141°24′11″E / 37.392°N 141.403°E / 37.392; 141.403, 11.4 km depth 37 km ESE of Namie, Fukushima[88]
June 18, 2018

07:58:35 JST

5.5 Mw 4 2018 Osaka earthquake 大阪府北部地震 Ōsaka-fu Hokubu Jishin 34°50′02″N 135°36′22″E / 34.834°N 135.606°E / 34.834; 135.606, 13.2 km depth 2 km NNW of Hirakata, Osaka[89]
September 6, 2018

03:07:59 JST

6.6 Mw 41 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake 北海道胆振東部地震 Hokkaido Iburi Tōbu Jishin 42°40′16″N 141°55′59″E / 42.671°N 141.933°E / 42.671; 141.933, 33.4 km depth 27 km E of Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan[90]
June 19, 2019
22:22:19 JST 		6.4 Mw 0 2019 Yamagata earthquake 山形県沖地震 Yamagata-ken Oki jishin 38°38′06″N 139°27′15″E / 38.635°N 139.4543°E / 38.635; 139.4543, 16.1 km depth 33 km WSW of Tsuruoka
February 13, 2021
23:07:49 JST 		7.1 Mw 1 2021 Fukushima earthquake 福島県沖地震 Fukushima-ken Oki Jishin 37°42′07″N 141°45′43″E / 37.702°N 141.762°E / 37.702; 141.762 55 km depth 2 km ENE of Ishinomaki
March 20, 2021
18:09:45 JST 		7.0 Mw 0 March 2021 Miyagi earthquake 宮城県沖地震 Miyagi-ken Oki Jishin 38°28′30″N 141°36′25″E / 38.475°N 141.607°E / 38.475; 141.607

54 km depth

27 km ENE of Ishinomaki
October 7, 2021
22:41:24 JST 		5.9 MW 0 2021 Chiba earthquake 千葉県北西部地震 Chiba-ken Hokuseibu Jishin 35°34′37″N 140°04′12″E / 35.577°N 140.070°E / 35.577; 140.070

80 km depth

4 km SW of Chiba
March 16, 2022
23:36:30 JST 		7.3 MW 4 2022 Fukushima earthquake 福島県沖地震 Fukushima-ken-Oki Jishin (Off the coast of Fukushima Prefecture) 37°42′07″N 141°35′13″E / 37.702°N 141.587°E / 37.702; 141.587

63.1 km depth

57 km ENE of Namie
May 5, 2023
14:42:04 JST 		6.2 Mw 1 2023 Noto earthquake 奥能登地震 Notohanto-Oki jishin (Off the Noto Peninsula Earthquake) 37°32′24″N 137°18′18″E / 37.540°N 137.305°E / 37.540; 137.305

8.7 km depth

49 km NE of Anamizu
January 1, 2024
16:10:09 JST 		7.5 Mw 401 2024 Noto earthquake 能登半島地震 Reiwa 6-nen Notohanto Jishin 37°29′53″N 137°14′31″E / 37.498°N 137.242°E / 37.498; 137.242

10.0 km depth

42 km NE of Anamizu
August 8, 2024
16:42:55 JST 		7.1 Mw 0 2024 Hyūga-nada earthquake 日向灘地震 Hyūga-nada Jishin 31°43′08″N 131°31′37″E / 31.719°N 131.527°E / 31.719; 131.527

25.0 km depth

25 km NE of Nichinan

Strongest earthquakes by prefecture (since 1900)

[edit]
Prefecture Date Magnitudes Intensities Casualties Article Citations
(Mw) (MJMA) MMI JMA
Aichi 12 January 1945 6.6 6.8 VII 7 1,180 dead, 3,866 injured, 1,126 missing 1945 Mikawa earthquake [91][92][93][94]
Akita 26 May 1983 7.8 7.7 VIII 5 104 dead, 324 injured 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake [95][96][97]
Aomori 9 March 1931 7.9 7.2 VII 4 - - [98][99]
Chiba 2 September 1923 7.9 7.3 VII 5 - 1923 Great Kantō earthquake (aftershock) [100][101]
Ehime 5 August 1968 6.8 6.6 VII 5 - - [102][103]
Fukui 28 June 1948 6.8 7.1 IX 7 3,769 dead, 22,203 injured 1948 Fukui earthquake [104][105][106][107][108]
Fukuoka 20 March 2005 6.6 7.0 VIII 6- 1 dead, 1,200 injured 2005 Fukuoka earthquake [109][110]
Fukushima 5 November 1938 7.8 7.5 VI 5 1 dead - [111][112][106]
Gifu 14 August 1909 6.9 N/A N/A 6 41 dead, 774 injured 1909 Anegawa earthquake [113][106][114]
Gunma 25 February 2013 5.8 6.3 VIII 5+ - - [115][116]
Hiroshima 24 March 2001 6.8 6.7 VIII 6- 2 dead, 288 injured 2001 Geiyo earthquake [117][118][119]
Hokkaido 25 September 2003 8.3 8.0 IX 6- 1 dead, 850 injured, 2 missing 2003 Tokachi earthquake [120][121][122]
Hyōgo 16 January 1995 6.9 7.3 XII 7 6,634 dead, 43,792 injured Great Hanshin earthquake [123][124][125][126][127]
Ibaraki 11 March 2011 7.9 7.6 VIII 6+ - 2011 Tōhoku earthquake (aftershock) [128][129]
Ishikawa 1 January 2024 7.5 7.6 XI 7 401 dead, 1,338 injured 2024 Noto earthquake [130][131][132]
Iwate 20 March 1960 8.0 7.2 VI 4 - - [133][134]
Kagawa 26 May 2005 4.8 4.7 N/A 3 - - [135][136]
Kagoshima 15 June 1911 7.9 8.1 VII N/A 12 dead 1911 Kikai Island earthquake [137][138][139]
Kanagawa 1 September 1923 8.0-8.2 7.9 XI 7 142,800 dead 1923 Great Kantō earthquake [140][141][142]

See also

[edit]
External images
image icon Statistical map of location, size and depth of earthquakes near Japan
image icon Zoomable map of recent earthquake activity

References

[edit]
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