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A supercentenarian (sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian) is someone who has lived to or passed their 110th birthday. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians.[1] Anderson et al. concluded that supercentenarians live a life typically free of major age-related diseases until shortly before maximum human lifespan is reached (theoretically estimated to be 126 years).[2]

European supercentenarians

This is an incomplete list of European supercentenarians (people from Europe who have attained the age of at least 110 years). One source of lifespans is the Gerontology Research Group (GRG) which as of November 2014 has verified the ages of over 300 supercentenarians from Europe.[3] As of 6 November 2024, there are 10 verified living supercentenarians in Europe, the oldest of whom is Italian woman Maria Giuseppa Robucci, born 20 March 1903, aged 121 years, 231 days.

The oldest European person, and the world's oldest person, ever was French woman, Jeanne Calment, who died at the age of 122 years, 164 days. The oldest European man ever was Danish Christian Mortensen who emigrated to the United States where he died at the age of 115 years, 252 days (the oldest non-emigrant man was Spaniard Joan Riudavets Moll who died at the age of 114 years, 81 days).

See also: List of German supercentenarians, List of French supercentenarians, List of Finnish supercentenarians, List of Danish supercentenarians, List of Belgian supercentenarians, List of Dutch supercentenarians, List of Italian supercentenarians, List of Irish supercentenarians, List of Spanish supercentenarians, List of Portuguese supercentenarians, List of Polish supercentenarians, List of Norwegian supercentenarians, List of Swedish supercentenarians, and List of British supercentenarians

50 oldest European people ever

Below is a list of the 50 oldest people ever in Europe. Living people are rendered   Living.
†^ denotes age at death, or, if living, age as of 6 November 2024

Rank[a] Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] Country
1 Jeanne Calment[4] F 21 February 1875 4 August 1997 122 years, 164 days France
2 Emma Morano[5] F 29 November 1899 15 April 2017 117 years, 137 days Italy
3 Ana María Vela Rubio[5] F 29 October 1901 15 December 2017 116 years, 47 days Spain
4 Giuseppina Projetto[5] F 30 May 1902 6 July 2018 116 years, 37 days Italy
5 Charlotte Hughes[4] F 1 August 1877 17 March 1993 115 years, 228 days United Kingdom
6 Maria Giuseppa Robucci[5] F 20 March 1903 Living 121 years, 231 days Italy
7 Maria de Jesus[6] F 10 September 1893 2 January 2009 115 years, 114 days Portugal
8 Marie Josephine Gaudette[5] F 25 March 1902 13 July 2017 115 years, 110 days Italy[b]
9 Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper[7] F 29 June 1890 30 August 2005 115 years, 62 days Netherlands
10 Marie Brémont[4] F 25 April 1886 6 June 2001 115 years, 42 days France
11 Annie Jennings[4] F 12 November 1884 20 November 1999 115 years, 8 days United Kingdom
12 Eva Morris[4] F 8 November 1885 2 November 2000 114 years, 360 days United Kingdom
Magdalena Oliver Gabarro[8] F 31 October 1903 Living 121 years, 6 days Spain
13 Maria do Couto Maia[7] F 24 October 1890 25 July 2005 114 years, 274 days Portugal
14 Venere Pizzinato-Papo[5] F 23 November 1896 2 August 2011 114 years, 252 days Italy[c]
15 Lucile Randon[5] F 11 February 1904 Living 120 years, 269 days France
16 Ethel Lang[5] F 27 May 1900 15 January 2015 114 years, 233 days United Kingdom
17 María Antonia Castro[9] F 10 June 1881 16 January 1996 114 years, 220 days Spain
18 Anna Eliza Williams[4] F 2 June 1873 27 December 1987 114 years, 208 days United Kingdom
19 Lydie Vellard[4] F 18 March 1875 17 September 1989 114 years, 183 days France
20 Camille Loiseau[10] F 13 February 1892 12 August 2006 114 years, 180 days France
21 Anne Primout[7] F 5 October 1890 26 March 2005 114 years, 172 days France[d]
22 Gabrielle des Robert[5] F 4 June 1904 Living 120 years, 155 days France
23 Lucy Jane Askew[4] F 8 September 1883 9 December 1997 114 years, 92 days United Kingdom
24 María del Carmen López[9] F 3 April 1883 3 July 1997 114 years, 91 days Spain
25 Honorine Rondello[5] F 28 July 1903 19 October 2017 114 years, 83 days France
26 Joan Riudavets Moll[11] M 15 December 1889 5 March 2004 114 years, 81 days Spain
27 Florrie Baldwin[5] F 31 March 1896 8 May 2010 114 years, 38 days United Kingdom
28 Amy Hulmes[4] F 5 October 1887 27 October 2001 114 years, 22 days United Kingdom
29 Marie-Thérèse Bardet[5] F 2 June 1898 8 June 2012 114 years, 6 days France
30 Virginia Dighero[7] F 24 December 1891 28 December 2005 114 years, 4 days Italy
31 Maria Redaelli[5] F 3 April 1899 2 April 2013 113 years, 364 days Italy
32 Grace Jones[12] F 7 December 1899 14 November 2013 113 years, 342 days United Kingdom
33 Olive Boar[5] F 29 September 1904 28 August 2018 113 years, 333 days United Kingdom
34 Olympe Amaury[5] F 19 June 1901 12 May 2015 113 years, 327 days France
35 Bessie Camm[5] F 20 June 1904 11 May 2018 113 years, 325 days United Kingdom
36 Rosa Ann Comfort[4] F 21 January 1879 6 November 1992 113 years, 290 days United Kingdom
37 Marcelle Narbonne[5] F 25 March 1898 1 January 2012 113 years, 282 days France[e]
38 Jeanne Bot[5] F 14 January 1905 Living 119 years, 297 days France
39 Clémentine Solignac[13] F 7 September 1894 25 May 2008 113 years, 261 days France
40 Huguette Masson[5] F 27 June 1904 5 March 2018 113 years, 251 days France
41 María del Carmen Figueiró[4] F 28 October 1883 25 May 1997 113 years, 209 days Spain
42 Manuela Fernández-Fojaco[6] F 18 June 1895 6 January 2009 113 years, 202 days Spain
43 Lucy d'Abreu[7] F 24 May 1892 7 December 2005 113 years, 197 days United Kingdom[f]
44 Germaine Haye[4] F 10 October 1888 18 April 2002 113 years, 190 days France
45 Marie-Simone Capony[14] F 14 March 1894 15 September 2007 113 years, 185 days France
46 Gladys Hooper[5] F 18 January 1903 9 July 2016 113 years, 173 days United Kingdom
47 Maria Gravigi-de Candia[5] F 3 March 1900 15 August 2013 113 years, 165 days Italy
48 Maria Teresa Fumarola[15] F 2 December 1889 14 May 2003 113 years, 163 days Italy
49 Daisy Adams[4] F 30 June 1880 8 December 1993 113 years, 161 days United Kingdom
50 Mathilde Aussant[5] F 27 February 1898 23 July 2011 113 years, 146 days France

5 oldest European emigrants ever

Below is a list of the oldest five supercentenarians born in Europe who emigrated to another region before they died.

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] Country of birth Country of death
1 Dina Manfredini[5] F 4 April 1897 17 December 2012 115 years, 257 days Italy United States
2 Christian Mortensen[4] M 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days Denmark United States
3 Augusta Holtz[4] F 3 August 1871 21 October 1986 115 years, 79 days Germany[g] United States
4 Goldie Steinberg[5] F 30 October 1900 16 August 2015 114 years, 290 days Moldova[h] United States
5 Grace Clawson[4] F 15 November 1887 28 May 2002 114 years, 194 days United Kingdom United States

African supercentenarians

This is an incomplete list of African supercentenarians (people from Africa who have attained the age of at least 110 years). One source of lifespans is the Gerontology Research Group (GRG).[16] There have been, inclucing emigrants, 8 verified supercentenarians from Africa. The oldest person ever to die in Africa was Maria Diaz, aged 113 years, 249 days at the time of her death. The oldest person ever born in Africa was Adelina Domingues, who died in the USA, aged 114 years, 183 days.

In Africa

Below is an incomplete list of supercentenarians who have died or are living in Africa.
†^ denotes age at death, or, if living, age as of 6 November 2024

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] Country of birth Country of residence or death
1 Maria Diaz F 22 February 1898 29 October 2011 113 years, 249 days[17] Algeria[i] France (Réunion)
2 Julia Sinédia-Cazour F 12 July 1892 6 October 2005 113 years, 86 days[17] France (Réunion) France (Réunion)
3 Johanna Booysen F 17 January 1857 16 June 1968 111 years, 151 days[16] South Africa South Africa

African emigrant supercentenarians

Below is an incomplete list of supercentenarians born in Africa who have died or are living on another continent.

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] Country of birth Country of death
1 Adelina Domingues F 19 February 1888 21 August 2002 114 years, 183 days[18] Cape Verde[j] United States
2 Anne Primout F 5 October 1890 26 March 2005 114 years, 172 days[17] Algeria[k] France
3 Marcelle Narbonne F 25 March 1898 1 January 2012 113 years, 282 days[19] Algeria[l] France
4 Consuelo Moreno-López F 5 February 1893 13 November 2004 111 years, 282 days[18] Spanish Morocco[m] United States
5 Emile Fourcade M 29 July 1884 29 December 1995 111 years, 153 days[17] Algeria[n] France
Jeanne Hue F 2 October 1895 5 May 2006 110 years, 215 days[20] Tunisia[o] France
Virginia Monteiro F 28 March 1895 7 April 2005 110 years, 10 days[21] Cape Verde[p] United States

Asian supercentenarians

This is a list of Asian supercentenarians (people from Asia who have attained the age of at least 110 years). According to the Gerontology Research Group, the verified oldest Asian person ever is Nabi Tajima of Japan, who died on 21 April 2018, aged 117 years, 260 days.[5] The verified oldest man is Jiroemon Kimura, also from Japan, who died on 12 June 2013, aged 116 years, 54 days. As of 6 November 2024, there are 14 verified living Asian supercentenarians.[22] As of 6 November 2024, the oldest living person in Asia is Kane Tanaka of Japan, born 2 January 1903, aged 121 years, 309 days.

The vast majority of verified Asian cases of supercentenarians come from Japan, which has kept birth records for more than a century, while other Asian countries have historically been less meticulous about keeping such records. According to The Washington Post, China and India have many supercentenarians, but none are confirmed, as their governments did not track births prior to the early 1900s.[23] There have been 3 verified emigrant supercentenarians from Asia, the oldest of whom is Indian woman Lucy d'Abreu who died in the United Kingdom on 7 December 2005, aged 113 years, 197 days.

All known cases, except for Yisrael Kristal, are found at List of Japanese supercentenarians.

Oldest Asian emigrants ever

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] Country of birth Country of residence
or death
1 Lucy d'Abreu[24] F 24 May 1892 7 December 2005 113 years, 197 days India[a] United Kingdom
2 Ito Konno Kinase[24] F 31 December 1889 24 January 2003 113 years, 24 days Japan United States
3 Ethel Farrell[5] F 27 November 1902 20 December 2015 113 years, 23 days India[b] Australia
Zenson Nakahodo[25] M 8 May 1908 Living 116 years, 182 days Japan Peru

a^ d'Abreu was born in Dharwar, which was then part of the British Raj. It is now in India.
b^ Farrell was born in British Raj. It is now in India.

Supercentenarians in Oceania

This is an incomplete list of Oceanian supercentenarians (people from Oceania who have attained the age of at least 110 years). According to the Gerontology Research Group (GRG), an organization that tracks supercentenarians and verifies their age claims,[26] the oldest Oceanian ever was Australian woman Christina Cock, who lived to the age of 114 years, 148 days. The oldest verified Oceanian man ever was Australian Jack Lockett, who lived to the age of 111 years, 123 days.

Living supercentenarians in Oceania

See List of oldest living people and List of Australian supercentenarians.

Oldest Oceanian people ever

Below is a list of supercentenarians who have died or are living in Oceania.
  Deceased   Living

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age Country of birth Country of death
or residence
1 Christina Cock[27] F 25 December 1887 22 May 2002 114 years, 148 days Australia Australia
2 Beatrice Mears[27] F 4 March 1888 3 December 2001 113 years, 274 days Australia Australia
3 Florence Finch[27] F 22 December 1893 10 April 2007 113 years, 109 days United Kingdom New Zealand
4 Ethel Farrell[26] F 27 November 1902 20 December 2015 113 years, 23 days India[q] Australia
5 Molly Yeomans[27] F 1 July 1888 30 May 2001 112 years, 333 days Australia Australia
6 Caroline Mockridge[27] F 11 December 1874 6 November 1987 112 years, 330 days Australia Australia
7 Myra Nicholson[28] F 14 December 1894 20 September 2007 112 years, 280 days Australia Australia
8 Vi Robbins[26] F 28 February 1902 8 October 2014 112 years, 222 days Australia Australia
9 E. Beatrice Riley[29] F 13 October 1896 15 May 2009 112 years, 214 days Australia Australia
10 Margaret Vivian[26] F 25 February 1906 21 September 2018 112 years, 208 days United Kingdom Australia
11 Jane Gray[26] F 1 December 1901 7 June 2014 112 years, 188 days United Kingdom Australia
12 Marie-Louise L'Huillier[26] F 26 June 1895 28 December 2007 112 years, 185 days France (New Caledonia) France (New Caledonia)
13 Jessie Hurley[27] F 15 June 1890 6 August 2002 112 years, 152 days Australia Australia
14 Miriam Schmierer[30] F 20 August 1899 29 September 2011 112 years, 140 days Australia Australia
15 Myrtle Jones[29] F 18 April 1897 12 January 2009 111 years, 269 days Australia Australia
16 Stella Correll[27] F 23 December 1888 7 September 2000 111 years, 259 days Australia Australia
17 Jane Piercy[27] F 2 September 1869 3 May 1981 111 years, 243 days Australia Australia
Marjorie Cooke[31][32] F 5 January 1906 1 September 2017 111 years, 239 days Australia Australia
Thelma McLeod[33] F 13 February 1907 19 July 2018 111 years, 156 days Australia Australia
18 Jack Lockett[27] M 22 January 1891 25 May 2002 111 years, 123 days Australia Australia
19 Eva McConnell[34] F 5 May 1901 15 August 2012 111 years, 102 days Australia Australia
20 Alice Lindsay[26] F 31 March 1893 1 July 2004 111 years, 92 days Australia Australia
Mary Whitehurst[35] F 20 October 1905 2 January 2017 111 years, 74 days United Kingdom Australia
Madeline Anderson[36] F 4 May 1907 19 June 2018 111 years, 46 days New Zealand New Zealand
21 Ada Cleggett[27] F 27 January 1885 8 December 1995 110 years, 315 days Australia Australia
22 Doreen Washington[29] F 24 May 1898 4 February 2009 110 years, 256 days Australia Australia
Helen Stamelos[37] F 30 November 1906 7 August 2017 110 years, 250 days Greece Australia
Maudie Wilson[38] F 23 March 1903 24 October 2013 110 years, 215 days New Zealand New Zealand
23 Marie Piacentino[27] F 25 November 1888 21 June 1999 110 years, 208 days Italy Australia
24 Mary Hurley[27] F 4 May 1880 16 November 1990 110 years, 196 days Australia Australia
25 Catherine Lawrence[5] F 8 December 1902 16 June 2013 110 years, 190 days Australia Australia
Alfred Date M 8 November 1905 2 May 2016 110 years, 176 days United Kingdom Australia
Mary Sadler F 12 January 1908 29 June 2018 110 years, 168 days Australia Australia
Peg Griffin[39] F 25 May 1904 6 October 2014 110 years, 134 days New Zealand New Zealand
Evelyn Vigor[26] F 9 January 1906 26 April 2016 110 years, 108 days Australia Australia
Jean McCarthy[40] F 4 May 1908 12 August 2018 110 years, 100 days Australia Australia
26 John Campbell Ross[29] M 11 March 1899 3 June 2009 110 years, 84 days Australia Australia
27 Blanche Coward[26] F 17 December 1901 27 February 2012 110 years, 72 days United Kingdom Australia
28 Claude Choules[30] M 3 March 1901 5 May 2011 110 years, 63 days United Kingdom Australia
29 Ethel Booth[30] F 25 December 1890 18 February 2001 110 years, 55 days New Zealand[r] New Zealand
Phyllis Lee [41] F 3 November 1907 20 December 2017 110 years, 47 days United Kingdom Australia
30 Ada Sharp[27] F 6 April 1861 15 May 1971 110 years, 39 days Australia Australia
Avis Sheedy[42] F 25 May 1908 25 June 2018 110 years, 31 days Australia Australia
Linda Wiggins[43] F 17 September 1908 Living 116 years, 50 days New Zealand New Zealand

North American supercentenarians

North American supercentenarians are listed below:

South American supercentenarians

This is a list of South American supercentenarians (people from South America who have attained the age of at least 110 years). Currently, the Gerontology Research Group (GRG), an organization that tracks supercentenrians and verifies their age claims, has verified 10 supercentenarians from South America.[44] The oldest person ever from South America was Ecuadorian woman María Capovilla, who died at the age of 116 years and 347 days.[5], while the oldest South American man ever was Colombian Daniel Guzmán-García, who died at the age of 111 years, 105 days in 2008.


  Deceased   Living
†^ denotes age at death, or, if living, age as of 6 November 2024

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] Country of birth Country of death
or residence
1 Maria Capovilla[44] F 14 September 1889 27 August 2006 116 years, 347 days Ecuador Ecuador
2 Maria Gomes Valentim[44] F 9 July 1896 21 June 2011 114 years, 347 days Brazil Brazil
3 Eudoxie Baboul[5] F 1 October 1901 1 July 2016 114 years, 274 days French Guiana[s] French Guiana
4 Luzia Mohrs[5] F 23 March 1904 16 October 2017 113 years, 207 days Germany Brazil
5 Alida Victória Grubba Rudge[5] F 10 July 1903 23 December 2016[45] 113 years, 166 days Brazil Brazil
6 Virginia Secundina Moyano[5] F 17 May 1904 20 June 2017 113 years, 34 days Argentina Argentina
7 Luisa Roncoroni de Bizzozero[44] F 30 June 1903 1 September 2015 112 years, 63 days Argentina Argentina
8 Ana Sara Marquez de Ramirez[5] F 25 July 1904 27 August 2016 112 years, 33 days Colombia Colombia
9 Manolita Piña[44] F 24 February 1883 11 June 1994 111 years, 107 days Spain Uruguay
10 Daniel Guzmán-García[44] M 6 February 1897 21 May 2008 111 years, 105 days Colombia Colombia
Zenson Nakahodo[46] M 8 May 1908 Living 116 years, 182 days Japan Peru

South American emigrant supercentenarians

Below is a list of supercentenarians born in South America who have died or are living on another continent.

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] Country of birth Country of death
or residence
Isabel Castaño Restrepo[47] F 11 January 1906 Living 118 years, 300 days Colombia Living in the United States
Sixta Tulia Aguinaga de Posada[48] F 22 April 1907 Living 117 years, 198 days Colombia Living in the United States
Nora Ettori[49] F 5 April 1907 22 August 2018 111 years, 139 days Brazil Italy
1 Julia Dougherty[44] F 20 August 1893 4 December 2003 110 years, 106 days Peru United States

Notes

  1. ^ Unranked individuals have not been verified by an authority specializing in age verification such as the GRG.
  2. ^ Gaudette was born in the United States.
  3. ^ Pizzinato was born in Ala, which was then part of Austria-Hungary. It is now in Italy.
  4. ^ Primout was born in French Algeria. It is now Algeria.
  5. ^ Narbonne was born in French Algeria. It is now Algeria.
  6. ^ d'Abreu was born in Dharwar, which was then part of the British Raj. It is now in India.
  7. ^ Holtz was born in the Province of Posen, which was at the time of her birth a part of the German Empire. It is now located in Poland.
  8. ^ Steinberg was born in Russian Empire. It is now Moldova.
  9. ^ Diaz was born in French Algeria. It is now Algeria.
  10. ^ Domingues was born in Cape Verde, which was at that time a Portuguese colony. Now it is an independent country.
  11. ^ Primout was born in French Algeria. It is now Algeria.
  12. ^ Narbonne was born in French Algeria. It is now Algeria.
  13. ^ Moreno was born in Spanish Morocco, which was then part of the Spanish Empire. It is now in Morocco.
  14. ^ Fourcade was born in French Algeria. It is now Algeria.
  15. ^ Hue was born in Tunisia, which was at that time a French protectorate. Now it is an independent country.
  16. ^ Monteiro was born in Cape Verde, which was at that time a Portuguese colony. Now it is an independent country.
  17. ^ Farrell was born in India, which was at the time of her birth a British colony.
  18. ^ Booth was born in New Zealand, which was at the time of her birth a British colony.
  19. ^ French Guiana is considered to be an overseas department and region of France.

References

  1. ^ Maier, H., Gampe, J., Jeune, B., Robine, J.-M., Vaupel, J. W. (Eds.) (2010). Supercentenarians. Germany: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. p. 325. ISBN 978-3-642-11519-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ B. M. Weon; J. H. Je (2009). "Theoretical estimation of maximum human lifespan". Biogerontology. 10: 65–71. doi:10.1007/s10522-008-9156-4. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Validated Living Supercentenarians - Table E". Gerontology Research Group. 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 24 February 2001. Retrieved 13 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p VERIFIED SUPERCENTENARIAN CASES -- LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY BY DEATH DATE as of 28 April 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Supercentenarian Data -- Table E". Gerontology Research Group. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
  6. ^ a b GRG Deaths for 2009 (in Chronological Order) (as of 24 December 2010). Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e GRG Deaths for 2005 (in Chronological Order) (Last Updated 6 October 2010). Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  8. ^ Living to over 120 could soon be possible, say Spanish scientists
  9. ^ a b International Database on Longevity: Spaniard cases
  10. ^ GRG Deaths for 2006 (in Chronological Order) (As of May 2010). Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  11. ^ Recent Deaths for 2004 (in Chronological Order) (as of 6 July 2011) Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  12. ^ "Oldest person in UK Grace Jones dies aged 113". BBC News.
  13. ^ GRG Deaths for 2008 (in Chronological Order) (as of 18 June 2011) Archived 10 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  14. ^ GRG Deaths for 2007 (in Chronological Order) (As of 9 July 2011) Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  15. ^ GRG Deaths for 2003 (in Chronological Order) (as of 10 April 2010) Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  16. ^ a b "Validated Living Supercentenarians - Table E". Gerontology Research Group. 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ a b c d "Validated Living Supercentenarians - France". Gerontology Research Group. 2 May 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  18. ^ a b "Verified Supercentenarian Cases -- USA". Gerontology Research Group. 28 April 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  19. ^ "Deaths for 2012 (in Chronological Order)". Gerontology Research Group. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  20. ^ "Official Tables from the International Committee on Supercentenarians". www.grg.org. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  21. ^ Supercentenarians who lived in Portugal
  22. ^ "Validated Living Supercentenarians - Table E". Gerontology Research Group. 13 August 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  23. ^ "Cigarette smoking Brazilian man may be world's oldest person at 126 years old". The Washington Post. 16 July 2014.
  24. ^ a b GRG Table B - Verified Supercentenarians (by Chronological Age)
  25. ^ https://www.pe.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_ja/00_001000.html
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Current Validated Living Supercentenarians". Gerontology Research Group. 21 November 2014. Archived from the original on 24 February 2001. Retrieved 23 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Verified Supercentenarian Cases — Listed Chronologically by Death Date". Gerontology Research Group. 28 April 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  28. ^ "Deaths for 2007". Gerontology Research Group. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  29. ^ a b c d "Deaths for 2009". Gerontology Research Group. 18 May 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  30. ^ a b c "Deaths for 2011". Gerontology Research Group. 17 November 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  31. ^ Kristy Mayr. "Melbourne great-grandmother celebrates her 110th birthday".
  32. ^ "Marjorie Cooke, Australia's oldest living person, dies at 111".
  33. ^ "Bethanie lighting 110 candles to celebrate one remarkable resident".
  34. ^ "Deaths for 2012". Gerontology Research Group. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  35. ^ Australia’s oldest person, Mary Whitehurst, dies aged 111
  36. ^ "Madeline Anderson gears up for her 110th birthday - and the excitement is still there". Stuff.co.nz. 2 May 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  37. ^ Helen Stamelos Orbituary
  38. ^ Lynda van Kempen (26 October 2013). "NZ's oldest person dies in Invercargill aged 110". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  39. ^ http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11338575
  40. ^ "Melbourne great-grandmother Jean McCarthy celebrates 110 years rich in history". Amp.dailytelegraph.com.au. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  41. ^ "Oldest Queenslander Phyllis Lee dies at 110, leaving more than 100 descendants". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 20 December 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  42. ^ [1][dead link]
  43. ^ "The country's oldest known living person turns 110". Stuff.co.nz.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g "Table A - Verified Supercentenarians (Listed Chronologically By Birth Date)". Gerontology Research Group. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  45. ^ "Alida Grubba passes away". Diário Catarinense. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  46. ^ https://www.pe.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_ja/00_001000.html
  47. ^ Woman Living In Miami Beach Turns 112 Today
  48. ^ "LaGrange resident celebrates 109th birthday". The Poughkeepsie Journal. Retrieved 8 August 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  49. ^ Ciao (22 August 2018). "Addio alla nonnina record dei mantovani - Cronaca". Gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
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