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Mairead Maguire[1][2]
Mairead Maguire, July 2009
Mairead Maguire, July 2009
Born
Mairead Corrigan

(1944-01-27) January 27, 1944 (age 80)
Belfast, Northern Ireland[3]
Other namesMairead Corrigan Maguire
Alma materIrish School of Ecumenics
Organization(s)The Peace People,
The Nobel Women's Initiative
Known forInternational social activist
Spouse(s)Jackie Maguire
(m. 1981-present)[4]
Children2 (5)[1][4]
RelativesAnne Maguire (sister)
AwardsNobel Peace Prize (1976)
Carl von Ossietzky Medal (1976)[5]
Pacem in Terris (1990)

Mairead Maguire (born 27 January 1944), also known as Máiread Corrigan Maguire and formerly as Mairead Corrigan, is an Irish peace activist. She co-founded, with Betty Williams and Ciaran McKeown, the Community of Peace People, an organisation dedicated to encouraging a peaceful resolution of the Troubles in Northern Ireland.[7] Maguire and Williams received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1976.[8] Maguire has also won several other awards.

In recent years, she has become an active critic of the Israeli government's policy towards Palestine and the Palestinian people. To draw attention in a supposedly peaceful and non-violent way to this policy, in particular to the land and naval blockade of Gaza, in June 2010 Maguire went on board the "aid ship", the MV Rachel Corrie. The ship was the remaining member of an international flotilla bound for the Gazan coastline, but finally was denied to go there.

Early life (1944–1976)

Maguire was born into a Roman Catholic community, the second of seven children. She attended a private Catholic school until the age of 14, at which time her family could no longer pay for her schooling. She then joined a local Legion of Mary chapter, where she worked with poor children in the evenings. She was able to save enough money to enroll in business classes, which led her to a job as an accounting clerk with a local factory. When she was 21 she began working as a secretary for the Guinness brewery, where she remained employed until December 1976.[9][10]

Northern Ireland peace movement (1976–1978)

Maguire became active with the Northern Ireland peace movement after three children of her sister, Anne Maguire, were run over and killed by a car driven by Danny Lennon, a Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) operator who had been fatally shot by British troops while trying to make a getaway. Danny Lennon had been released from prison in April 1976 after having served three years for suspected involvement in the PIRA.[11] On August 10th Lennon and comrade John Chillingworth were transporting an Armalite rifle through Andersonstown, Belfast, when British troops, claiming to have seen a rifle pointed at them,[12] opened fire on the vehicle, instantly killing Lennon and critically wounding Chillingworth. The car Lennon drove went out of control and mounted a sidewalk on Finaghy Road North, colliding with Annie Maguire and three of her children who were out shopping.[13] Joanne (8) and Andrew (6 weeks) died at the scene; John Maguire (2) succumbed to his injuries at a hospital the following day.[14] Anne Maguire, who had also suffered injuries from the accident, could not live with the grief and in 1980 took her own life.[15]

Betty Williams, a resident of Andersonstown who happened to be driving by, claimed to have witnessed the tragedy, and accused the IRA of firing at the British patrol and initiating the incident.[16] She began gathering signatures for a peace petition from Protestants and Catholics, and soon after she co-founded "Women for Peace" with Mairead Maguire (then Mairead Corrigan). Later, with Irish Press journalist Ciaran McKeown, the group became the "Peace People."

By the end of the month Maguire and Williams had brought 35,000 people onto the streets of Belfast petitioning for peace between the republican and loyalist factions. Maguire was convinced the most effective way to end the violence was not violence but re-education.

She received the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Betty Williams, in 1977 (the prize for 1976) for their efforts.[8] 32 at the time, she is the youngest Nobel Peace Prize Laureate to date.

After the Nobel Prize (1978–present)

In 1981 she married Jackie Maguire, who was the widower of her late sister, Anne.[17] She has three stepchildren and two of her own, John and Luke.

In 1990 Maguire was awarded the Pacem in Terris Award. It was named after a 1963 encyclical letter by Pope John XXIII that calls upon all people of good will to secure peace among all nations. Pacem in Terris is Latin for 'Peace on Earth'.

She is a member of the Honorary board of the International Coalition for the Decade of the culture of Peace and Nonviolence.

In 2006, Maguire was one of the founders of The Nobel Women's Initiative along with fellow Nobel Peace Laureates Betty Williams, Shirin Ebadi, Wangari Maathai, Jody Williams and Rigoberta Menchu Tum. Six women representing North America and South America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa decided to bring together their experiences in a united effort for peace with justice and equality. It is the goal of the Nobel Women's Initiative to help strengthen work being done in support of women's rights around the world.[18]

She is a member of the pro-life group Consistent Life Ethic, which is against abortion, capital punishment and euthanasia.

Maguire has been involved in a number of campaigns on behalf of political prisoners around the world. She was a first signatory on a 2008 petition calling for Turkey to end its torture of Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan.[19] In October 2010, Maguire signed a petition calling for China to release Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Liu Xiaobo from house arrest.[20]

United States

Mairead Maguire is an outspoken critic of US and UK policy in the Middle East, particularly in Iraq and Afghanistan. She has also been personally critical of US President Barack Obama’s leadership. Her activism in the US has occasionally brought her into confrontations with the law.

Iraq and Afghanistan

Following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 661, imposing various economic sanctions on Iraq in order to compel it to withdraw its troops from Kuwait. In January 1991, after Iraq’s refusal to comply with Resolution 678, the United States and Britain led a coalition of thirty-four nations to war, with the goal of expelling Iraq’s troops from Kuwait and liberating it by force. Though the Gulf War officially ended in March 1991, the economic sanctions continued until May 2003 and are believed to have resulted in hundreds of thousands of civilian deaths.

Mairead Maguire voiced strong opposition to the UN sanctions, calling them “unjust and inhuman,” “a new kind of bomb,” and “even more cruel than weapons.”[21] During a visit to Baghdad with Argentinian colleague Adolfo Perez Esquivel in March 1999, Maguire urged then-US President Bill Clinton and British Prime Minister Tony Blair to end the bombing of Iraq and to allow for the UN’s sanctions to be lifted. “I have seen children dying with their mothers next to them and not being able to do anything,” Maguire said. “They are not soldiers.”[22][23]

In the aftermath of al-Qaeda’s attacks on the US in September 2001, as it became clear that the US would retaliate and deploy troops in Afghanistan, Maguire campaigned against the impending war. In India she claimed to have marched with “hundreds of thousands of Indian people walking for peace.”[24] In New York, Maguire was reported to have marched with 10,000 protesters, including families of 9/11 victims, as US war planes were already en route to strike Taliban targets in Afghanistan.[25]

In the period leading up to the March 2003 invasion of Iraq, Mairead Maguire campaigned vigorously against the anticipated hostilities. Speaking at the 23rd War Resisters' International Conference in Dublin, Ireland in August 2002, Maguire called on the Irish government to oppose the Iraq War “in every European and world forum of which they are a part.”[26][27] On 17 March 2003, St. Patrick’s Day, Maguire protested the war outside the United Nations Headquarters with, among other activists, Frida Berrigan. On March 19, Corrigan addressed an audience of 300 people in a chapel at Le Moyne College in Syracuse, NY. “Armies with all their advanced weapons of mass destruction are facing the Iraqi people who have nothing,” she told the crowd. “In anybody’s language, it’s not fair.”[28] Around this time, Maguire held a 30-day vigil and began a 40-day liquid fast outside the White House, joined by members of Pax Christi USA and Christian church leaders. As the war got under way in the days that followed, Maguire described the invasion as an “ongoing and shameful slaughter.” “Daily we sit, facing Mecca in solidarity with our Muslim brothers and sisters in Iraq, and we ask Allah for forgiveness,” she said in a statement to the press on March 31.[29][30][31] Maguire would later remark that the media in the US distorted news from Iraq and that the Iraq War was carried out in pursuit of American “economic and military interests.”[32] In February 2006 she expressed her belief that George W. Bush and Tony Blair “should be made accountable for illegally taking the world to war and for war crimes against humanity.”[33]

Criticism of President Barack Obama

Maguire expressed disappointment with the choice of US President Barack Obama as winner of the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize. “They say this is for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and co-operation between peoples,” she said, “and yet he continues the policy of militarism and occupation of Afghanistan, instead of dialogue and negotiations with all the parties to the conflict. ... Giving this award to the leader of the most militarized country in the world, which has taken the human family against its will to war, will rightly be seen by many people around the world as a reward for his country’s aggression and domination.”[34]

After declining to meet with the Dalai Lama during his visit to the US in 2008, citing conflicting travel schedules,[35] Obama shirked a visit with the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader again in 2009. Maguire condemned what she considered Obama’s deliberate refusal to meet with the Dalai Lama, calling it “horrifying.”[36]

Speaking at the Carl von Ossietzky Medal Award Ceremony in Berlin in December 2010, Maguire imputed criminal accountability to President Obama for violation of international law. “When President Obama says he wants to see a world without nuclear weapons and says, in respect of Iran and their alleged nuclear weapons ambitions, that ‘all option are on the table,’ this is clearly a threat to use nuclear weapons, clearly a criminal threat against Iran, under the world court advisory opinion. The Nuremberg Charter of August 8, 1945 says the threat or use of nuclear weapons is criminal, so officials in all nine nuclear weapons states who maintain and use nuclear deterrence as a threat are committing crimes and breaking international law.”[37]

Confrontations with the law

Mairead Maguire was twice arrested in the United States. On 17 March 2003, Maguire was arrested outside the United Nations compound in New York City during a protest against the Iraq War. Later that month, on 27 March, she was one of 65 anti-war protesters briefly taken into custody by police after penetrating a security barricade near the White House.[38][39]

In May 2009, following a visit to Guatemala, immigration authorities at the Houston Airport in Texas detained Maguire for a number of hours, during which time she was questioned, fingerprinted and photographed, and consequently missed her connection flight to Northern Ireland. “They insisted I must tick the box in the Immigration form admitting to criminal activities,” she explained.[40] In late July that same year, Maguire was again detained by immigration authorities, this time at the Dulles International Airport in Virginia, on her way from Ireland to New Mexico to meet with colleague Jody Williams. As in May, the delay resulted in Maguire missing her connection flight and she was forced to seek overnight accommodations in Washington.[41]

Israel

Mairead Maguire first visited Israel at age 40[year needed]. She came then as part of an interfaith initiative seeking forgiveness from Jews for years of persecution by Christians in Jesus' name. Her second visit was in June 2000, this time in response to invitations from Rabbis for Human Rights and the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions. The two groups had taken upon themselves to defend Ahmed Shamasneh in an Israeli military court against charges of illegally constructing his home in the West Bank town of Qatanna, and Maguire came to observe the court proceedings and support the Shamasneh family.[42][43]

Mordechai Vanunu advocacy

Mairead Maguire has been a vocal supporter of Mordechai Vanunu, a former Israeli nuclear technician who revealed details of Israel's nuclear defense program to the British press in 1986 and subsequently served 18 years in prison for treason.[44] Maguire flew to Israel in April 2004 to greet Vanunu upon his release[45] and has since flown to meet with him in Israel numerous times. She has also nominated him for the Nobel Peace Prize on several occasions.

Maguire has described as "draconian" the terms of Vanunu's parole – including a special order prohibiting contact with foreign journalists and a refusal to allow him to leave Israel – and said he "remains a virtual prisoner."[46] In an open letter addressed to the Israeli people in July 2010, after Vanunu was reincarcerated for violating the terms of his parole, Maguire urged Jews in Israel to petition their government for Vanunu's release and freedom. She praised Vanunu as "a man of peace," "a great visionary," "a true Gandhian spirit," and compared his actions to those of Alfred Nobel.[47]

Remarks in reference to the Holocaust

At a joint press conference with Mordechai Vanunu in Jerusalem in December 2004, Maguire compared Israel's nuclear weapons to the Nazi gas chambers in Auschwitz. "When I think about nuclear weapons, I've been to Auschwitz concentration camp." She added, "Nuclear weapons are only gas chambers perfected ... and for a people who already know what gas chambers are, how can you even think of building perfect gas chambers."[48]

In a speech delivered on 21 February 2006 before the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation in Santa Barbara, California, Maguire again invoked a comparison of Israel to the Nazis. "Last April some of us protested at Dimona Nuclear Plant, in Israel, calling for it to be open to UN Inspection, and bombs to be destroyed. Israeli Jets flew overhead, and a train passed into the Dimona Nuclear site. This brought back to me vivid memories of my visit to Auschwitz concentration camp, with its rail tracks, trains, destruction and death."[49]

In January 2006, close to Holocaust Memorial Day, Maguire asked that Mordechai Vanunu be remembered together with the Jews that perished in the Holocaust. "As we, with sorrow and sadness, remember the Holocaust Victims, we remember too those individuals of conscience who refused to be silenced in the face of danger and paid with their freedom and lives in defending their Jewish brothers and sisters, and we remember our brother Mordechai Vanunu – the lonely Israeli prisoner in his own country, who refused to be silent."[50]

Pro-Palestinian activism

On 20 April 2007, Maguire participated in a protest against the construction of Israel's security fence outside the Arab settlement of Bil'in. Being that the protest was in a no-access military zone, Israeli forces used tear-gas grenades and rubber-coated bullets in an effort to disperse the protesters, while the protesters hurled rocks at Israel's troops, injuring two Border Guard policemen. One rubber bullet hit Maguire in the leg, whereupon she was transferred to an Israeli hospital for treatment. She was also reported to have inhaled large quantities of tear gas.[51][52][53]

In October 2008, Maguire arrived in Gaza aboard the SS Dignity. Although Israel had insisted that the yacht would not be permitted to approach Gaza, then-Prime Minister Ehud Olmert ultimately capitulated and allowed the ship to sail to its destination without incident.[54] During her stay in Gaza, Maguire met with Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh. She was photographed accepting an honorary golden plate depicting the Palestinian flag draped over all of Israel and the disputed territories.[55]

In November 2008, Maguire urged that the UN suspend or revoke Israel's membership.[56]

In March 2009 Mairead Maguire joined a campaign for the immediate and unconditional removal of Hamas from the European Union list of proscribed terrorist organizations.[57]

In April 2009, Maguire alleged that the Israeli government was "carrying out a policy of ethnic cleansing against Palestinians" and that these policies "are against international law, against human rights, against the dignity of the Palestinian people."[58]

On 30 June 2009, Maguire was taken into custody by the Israeli military along with twenty others, including former U.S. Congress member Cynthia McKinney. She was on board a small ferry, the MV Spirit of Humanity (formerly the Arion), said to be carrying humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip,[59] when Israel intercepted the vessel off the coast of Gaza. From an Israeli prison, she gave a lengthy interview with Democracy Now! using her cell phone,[60] and was deported on 7 July 2009 to Dublin.[61]

In May–June 2010, Maguire was a passenger on board the MV Rachel Corrie, one of seven vessels that were part of the Gaza Freedom Flotilla, a flotilla of pro-Palestinian activists that attempted to bust the Israeli-Egyptian blockade of the Gaza Strip. In an interview with BBC Radio Ulster while still at sea, Maguire called the blockade an "inhumane, illegal siege."[62] Having been delayed due to mechanical problems, the Rachel Corrie did not actually sail with the flotilla and only approached the Gazan coast several days after the main flotilla did. In contrast with the violence that characterized the arrival of the first six ships, Israel's takeover of the Rachel Corrie was met only with passive resistance. Israeli naval forces were even lowered a ladder by the passengers to assist their ascent onto the deck.[63] After the incident, Maguire said she did not feel her life was in danger as the ship's captain, Derek Graham, had been in touch with the Israeli navy to assure them that there would be no violent resistance.[64]

On 28 September 2010, Maguire landed in Israel as part of a delegation of the Nobel Women's Initiative. She was refused an entry visa by Israeli authorities, citing that she had twice in the past tried to run Israel's naval embargo of the Gaza Strip and that a 10-year deportation order was in effect against her.[65][66] A legal team filed a petition against the order with the Central District Court on Maguire's behalf, but the court pronounced that the deportation order was valid. Maguire then appealed to Israel's Supreme Court. Initially, the Court proposed that Maguire be allowed to remain in the country for a few days on bail despite the deportation order; however, the state rejected the proposal, arguing that Maguire knew prior to her arrival she was barred from entering Israel and that her conduct amounted to taking the law into her own hands. A three-judge panel accepted the state's position and upheld the ruling of the Central District Court. At one point during the hearing, Maguire reportedly burst out and declared that Israel must stop "its apartheid policy and the siege on Gaza." One of the judges scolded her and rejoined, "This is no place for propaganda." Mairead Corrigan-Maguire was flown to the UK the following morning, 5 October 2010.[67]

Personal philosophy and vision

Mairead Maguire is a proponent of the belief that violence is a disease that humans develop but are not born with. She believes humankind is moving away from a mindset of violence and war and evolving to a higher consciousness of nonviolence and love. Among the figures she considers spiritual prophets in this regard are Jesus, Francis of Assisi, Gandhi, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Fr. John L. McKenzie, and Martin Luther King, Jr.[68][69][70][71]

Maguire rejects violence in all its forms. "As a pacifist I believe that violence is never justified, and there are always alternatives to force and threat of force. We must challenge the society that tells us there is no such alternative. In all areas of our lives we should adopt nonviolence, in our lifestyles, our education, our commerce, our defense, and our governance."[68] Maguire has called for the abolition of all armies and the establishment of a multi-national community of unarmed peacekeepers in their stead.[72]

Criticism

Criticism of the Nobel Prize decision and the Peace People movement

Referring to the decision to award Mairead Maguire and Betty Williams the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize, journalist Michael Binyon of The Times commented, "The Nobel committee has made controversial awards before. Some have appeared to reward hope rather than achievement." He described as sadly "negligible" the two women's contribution to bringing peace to Northern Ireland.[73]

Alex Maskey of Sinn Fein charged that at the time of the Troubles, the Peace People movement was hijacked by the British government and used to turn public opinion against Irish republicanism. "For me and others, the Peace People and their good intentions were quickly exploited and absorbed into British state policy," Maskey opined.[74]

In his extensive study of the Peace People movement, Rob Fairmichael found that the Peace People were seen by some as being "more anti-IRA than anti-UDA," i.e. less loyal to republican factions than to loyalist ones. "Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan were beaten up numerous times and at times the leaders were threatened by a hostile crowd," Fairmichael noted, as examples of forms that some of the extreme negative reactions took.[75]

Prize money controversy

While most Nobel Prize laureates do keep their prize money,[76] it is not uncommon for prize winners to donate prize money to scientific, cultural or humanitarian causes.[77] Upon announcing their intention to keep their prize funds, Mairead Maguire and Betty Williams were "severely criticized."[78] The move angered many people, including members of the Peace People, and fueled unpleasant rumors about the two women.[79] Rob Fairmichael writes of “gossip of fur coats” and concludes that the prize money controversy was perceived by the public, in the context of the Peace People’s eventual decline, as specifically problematic.[80]

Jewish and Israeli reactions

In the wake of the 2009 Gaza flotilla, popular columnist Ben-Dror Yemini, of the Israeli daily Ma'ariv, observed that Maguire was obsessed with Israel. "There is a lunatic coalition that does not concern itself with the slaughtered in Sri Lanka or with the oppressed Tibetans. They see only the struggle against the Israeli Satan." He further charged that Maguire chose to identify with a population that elected an openly antisemitic movement to lead it - one whose raison d'etre is the destruction of the Jewish state.[81]

Deputy head of the Israeli foreign mission to Canada, Eliaz Luf, has argued that Maguire's activism plays into the hands of Hamas and other terrorist organizations in Gaza.[82]

Chairman of the Canada-Israel Committee Pacific Region, Michael Elterman, warned that Maguire's actions, though probably motivated by good intentions of endeavoring to help the Palestinian people, have been promoting an agenda of hatred and antisemitism.[83]

In an October 2010 editorial, the Jerusalem Post called Maguire's comparison of Israel's nuclear weapons to the gas chambers of Auschwitz "outrageous." Maguire was accused of "undertaking actions that undermine Israel's ability to defend itself" and of trying "to exploit charges of a 'humanitarian crisis' in Gaza in order to empower Hamas terrorists."[84]

However, Jewish and Israeli opinion is not all negative. Following the June 2010 Gaza flotilla raid, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was careful to distinguish between Mairead Maguire's nonviolent resistance aboard the Rachel Corrie, which he referred to as "a flotilla of peace activists – with whom we disagree, but whose right to a different opinion we respect," and the conduct of the activists aboard the other six vessels, which he described as "a flotilla of hate, organized by violent, terrorism-supporting extremists."[85] Gideon Levy strongly defended Máiread Maguire in the Israeli newspaper Haaretz in October 2010, calling her "the victim of state terror" after Israel refused to allow her to enter the country and kept her detained for several days.[86]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Fairmichael, Rob (1987). "The Peace People Experience" (PDF). Irish Network for Nonviolent Action, Training and Education. p. 28. Mairead Corrigan, now Mairead Maguire, married her former brother-in-law, Jackie Maguire, and they have two children of their own as well as three by Jackie's previous marriage to Ann Maguire.
  2. ^ Abrams, Irwin (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: an illustrated biographical history 1901-2001. USA: Science History Publications. p. 27. ISBN 0-88135-388-4. For many years Mairead Corrigan (now Maguire), thirty-three when she received the 1976 prize in 1977, was the youngest in the year of the award, but she has now been matched by Rigoberta Menchú Tum, also thirty-three when she won the prize in 1992.
  3. ^ a b "Mairead Maguire: Nobel winner, veteran peace campaigner". AFP. 4 June 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2011. Maguire was born into a Catholic community in Belfast on January 27, 1944, the daughter of a window cleaner father and housewife mother, growing up with five sisters and two brothers.
  4. ^ a b "Mairead Corrigan Maguire". The Peace People. Retrieved 4 February 2011. In September, 1981, Mairead married Jackie Maguire, widower of her sister Anne, who never recovered from the loss of her children and died in January, 1980. In addition to the remaining three children from the earlier marriage - Mark, Joanne and Marie Louise - Mairead and Jackie are the parents of John and Luke.
  5. ^ "Die Carl–von–Ossietzky–Medaille" (in German). Internationale Liga für Menschenrechte (International League for Human Rights). Retrieved 20 February 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Page, Glenn D.; Pim, Joam Evans, eds. (2008). Global Nonkilling Leadership: First Forum Proceedings. India: Gandhi Media Centre. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-880309-11-7. My love of reading especially the lives of the early Christian mystics, St. Francis and St. Clare, St. John of the Cross, St. Teresa of Avila, helped me in my Spiritual Journey. Later in life I was inspired by writings of Gandhi, Tolstoy, Dorothy Day, Thomas Merton, Thich Nhat Hanh, and John Dear. … I studied the Bible and found the 'Sermon on the Mount' and the life of Jesus an inspiring story of nonviolence, and came to agree with the late Fr. John McKenzie who once wrote 'you cannot read the gospels and not know that Jesus was totally nonviolent.'
  7. ^ "Peace People – History". The Peace People. Retrieved 20 February 2011. This was the beginning of the Movement and the three co-founders worked to harness the energy and desire of many people in Northern Ireland for peace... Ciaran named the movement, Peace People, wrote the Declaration, and set out its rally programme, etc.
  8. ^ a b "The Nobel Peace Prize 1976". Nobel Foundation. 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  9. ^ Darraj, Susan Muaddi (2006). Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams: Partners for Peace in Northern Ireland. Modern Peacmakers. Infobase Publishing. p. 45.
  10. ^ Deutsch, Richard (1977). Mairead Corrigan, Betty Williams. Barron's. p. 27-31.
  11. ^ Adams, Gerry (1997). "In Defense of Danny Lennon". Cage Eleven: Writings from Prison. Colorado: Roberts Rinehart Publishers. ISBN 978-1568331898. Retrieved 23 February 2011. Danny Lennon became involved in the republican movement in August 1971. He came into jail in October 1972 and he was released on 20 April 1976. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ^ Fairmichael, p. 7. "Even if one accepted the official, army version of the incident (that a passenger in the escaping car was seen to point a rifle at the pursuing patrol, that the soldiers then fired 4 shots, killing Lennon) it took two sides to bring the incident about."
  13. ^ Resistance (3). Irish Republican Support Group (C.P.G.B.). 1986 http://cedarlounge.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/irepsupgrp-cpgb-binder.pdf. Retrieved 23 February 2011. In August, Belfast IRA Volunteers Danny Lennon and John Chillingworth were moving a broken Armalite rifle in a car through Andersonstown when they were pursued by British soldiers. Without any provocation, the Brits opened fire. Danny, who was driving the car, was killed instantly and his comrade was seriously wounded. The soldiers continued shooting and the car, now out of control, mounted the footpath at Finaghy Road North and crashed into Mrs Annie Maguire who was going to the shops with her children, Joanna, John and Andrew, who all died of their injuries. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ^ Gilchrist, Jim (28 July 2006). "A woman of peace". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 23 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011. Eight-and-a-half-year-old Joanne, who was cycling alongside, and her six-week-old brother, Andrew, in his pram, were killed instantly; their brother, John, just two-and-a-half, died in hospital the following day.
  15. ^ Lynn, Brendan (1996–2010). "CAIN: People: Biographies of Prominent People During 'the Troubles' – C". CAIN Web Service (Conflict Archive on the INternet). Retrieved 23 February 2011. In 1980 Anne Maguire committed suicide and in 1981 Corrigan married her widow, Jackie Maguire. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Williams, Betty. Peace Proposal http://www.peaceproposal.com/Betty1.html. Retrieved 23 February 2011. Provisional I.R.A., on a mission to kill British soldiers, opened fire from the back of a speeding car on an Army foot patrol. They missed. The foot patrol returned fire killing the driver of the car, a young man named Danny Lennon. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "'Each Child Belongs to Us': A New way forward for children of the world" ignored (help)
  17. ^ Dear, John (2008). A Persistent Peace. Lolyola Press. p. 298.
  18. ^ "Nobel Women's Initiative". Nobel Women's Initiative. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  19. ^ "Freedom for Abdullah Ocalan - Peace in Kurdistan" (PDF). International Initiative. 17 October 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  20. ^ "15 Nobel Peace Prize Laureates Call on World Leaders to Urge Chinese President Hu Jintao to Release Nobel Peace Prize Laurate Liu Xiaobo and his wife Liu Xia". Freedom Now. 25 October 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  21. ^ Abrams, Irwin; Wang, Gungwu, eds. (2003). The Iraq War and Its Consequences. Singapore: World Scientific. pp. 94, 99.
  22. ^ Faleh, Waiel (9 March 1999), Nobel Winners: Give Iraq a Break, AP
  23. ^ "Iraq Peace Plea". The Peace People. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  24. ^ The Iraq War and Its Consequences. pp. 95–96.
  25. ^ "New York City protest opposes war in Afghanistan". World Socialist Web Site. 12 October 2001. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  26. ^ "Peace on the Move". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  27. ^ Corrigan Maguire, Mairead (4 August 2002). "Act to Save the Children of Iraq". Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  28. ^ Cissel, Connie (27 March 2003). "She's a Peacemaker". The Catholic Sun. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  29. ^ "War in Iraq and Anti-war Protests". The Peace People. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  30. ^ The Iraq War and Its Consequences. p. 97.
  31. ^ "Mairead Corrigan Maguire" (PDF). Pax Christi. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  32. ^ The Iraq War and Its Consequences. pp. 96–97.
  33. ^ Corrigan-Maguire, Mairead (21 February 2006). "A Right to Live Without Violence, Nuclear Weapons and War". Nobel Women’s Initiative. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  34. ^ "Nobel Peace Laureate: Obama Choice "Disappointing"". Institute for Public Accuracy. 9 October 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  35. ^ Barack Obama. Barack Obama’s Letter to the Dalai Lama  – via Wikisource.
  36. ^ Devraj, Ranjit (31 October 2009). "Rising China Poses Danger to Peace, Say Nobel Laureates". Inter Press Service (IPS). Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  37. ^ "Speech by Nobel Laureate Mairead Maguire During the Carl-von-Ossietzky Medal Award Ceremony Berlin 12th December 2010". World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  38. ^ "Protest Arrests Include Nobel Winners, Ellsberg". The Los Angeles Times. 27 March 2003. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
  39. ^ "War on Iraq and Anti-war Protests". The Peace People. 3 April 2003. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  40. ^ "Nobel Peace Laureate Mairead Maguire Detained by USA Homeland Security" (PDF). Nobel Women’s Initiative. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  41. ^ Wright, Ann (24 August 2009). "Could U.S. Officials Please Treat a Nobel Peace Laureate with Respect?". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  42. ^ Prince-Gibson, Eeta (2000). "From Northern Ireland to Israel and Palestine". Jerusalem Post (via peacecouncil.org). Retrieved 6 February 2011. Two weeks ago, Maíread Maguire, 1976 Nobel Peace Prize laureate from Northern Ireland, visited Israel and the Palestinian Territories as a representative of the Peace Council. Invited by Rabbis for Human Rights and the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions, she came to observe the trial of Ahmed Shamasneh, who was charged with illegally building his home. It was Maguire's second trip to Israel. Ten years ago, she came to fast and pray in repentance for what Christians have done to Jews in Jesus's name.
  43. ^ "[From Report from the Peace Council, Fall, 2000]". International Committee for the Peace Council. 2000. Retrieved 6 February 2011. On very short notice Peace Councilor Máiread Maguire agreed to attend the June, 2000 trial in an Israeli military court of Ahmed (Abu Faiz) Shamasneh, a Palestinian grandfather accused of illegally building a home for his family, and the result was a flood of stories in Israeli, Palestinian, and European newspapers, television, and radio about the case and about the plight of Palestinians who are not able to provide legal housing for their families. [The photo shows Máiread Maguire being briefed by Phil Halper of the Israeli Committee Against Home Demolitions. Eetta Prince-Gibson, author of the following article, is in the foreground.]
  44. ^ "Vanunu released after 18 years". The Guardian. 21 April 2004. Retrieved 22 February 2011. Among Mr Vanunu's supporters were British actress Susannah York and Nobel peace prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire of Northern Ireland. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  45. ^ "Israel frees nuclear whistleblower Vanunu". USA Today (AP). 21 April 2004. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  46. ^ Corrigan Maguire, Mairead (16–17 September 2006). "A Visit with Mordechai Vanunu". counterpunch. Retrieved 22 February 2011. Upon his release, the Israeli Government imposed draconian restrictions on his freedom. He is forbidden to speak to foreigners or to foreign press or to leave Israel. Each year for the past two years, on the 21st of April, these restrictions have been renewed and Vanunu remains a virtual prisoner, living within a couple of square miles of East Jerusalem and under constant security surveillance everywhere he goes.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  47. ^ Maguire, Mairead (14 July 2010). "An Open Letter to the People of Israel about Mordechai Vanunu". Peace People. Retrieved 22 February 2011. I have met Mordechai many times since he was released from prison on 21st April, 2004. He is a good man, a man of peace, and a true Gandhian spirit.
  48. ^ "Nobel laureate compares Israeli nuclear arms to gas chambers". Haaretz (AP). 19 December 2004. Retrieved 1 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  49. ^ "Nobel Women's Initiative - a Right to Live without Violence, Nuclear Weapons and War". Nobelwomensinitiative.org. 21 February 2006. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  50. ^ Maguire, Mairead (2006). "The Lonely Israeli Prisoner – Mordechai Vanunu". Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Retrieved 22 February 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  51. ^ Waked, Ali (20 April 2007). "Nobel peace laureate Corrigan injured in anti-fence protest". Ynetnews. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  52. ^ Morahan, Justin (23 April 2007). "Palestine: IDF Shoots Irish Peace Prize Winner With Rubber Bullets". Indymedia Ireland. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  53. ^ Corrigan Maguire, Mairead (26 April 2007). "End the Occupation Now". Common Dreams. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  54. ^ "Protesters' boat arrives in Gaza". Los Angeles Times. 30 October 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2011. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Text "last Khalil" ignored (help)
  55. ^ "Photo from Getty Images". Daylife.com. October 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
  56. ^ "Nobel laureate Maguire: UN should suspend Israel membership". Haaretz. 20 November 2008. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  57. ^ "Removal of Hamas from the EU Terror List". Information Clearing House. 2 March 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  58. ^ Maguire blasts Israeli 'ethnic cleansing', Press TV, 22 April 2009
  59. ^ McKinney, Cynthia (30 June 2009). "Cynthia McKinney and the Spirit of Humanity Crew are captured and detained by the Israel Navy". OpEdNews.com. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
  60. ^ "Nobel Peace Laureate Mairead Maguire Speaks from Israeli Jail Cell After Arrest on Boat Delivering Humanitarian Aid to Gaza". Democracy Now!. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  61. ^ Jansen, Michael (7 July 2009). "Israel deports Nobel laureate". The Irish Times. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  62. ^ "Irish aid ship expects Israelis to board vessel". BBC. 2 June 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  63. ^ Meranda, Amnon (6 June 2010). "Seized ship enters Ashdod Port". Ynet. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  64. ^ "Rachel Corrie activists 'relieved' to be home". RTE. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  65. ^ "Irish Nobel laureate challenges Israeli detention". AP. 3 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  66. ^ "Supreme Court rejects Maguire's appeal". Ynet News. 4 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  67. ^ "Irish Nobel winner Maguire boards flight out of Israel". Jerusalem Post. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  68. ^ a b Corrigan Maguire, Mairead (21 December 2006). "Journeying with Active Nonviolence". Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Retrieved 20 February 2011. The good news is that we are not born violent, most humans never kill, and the World Health Organization says Human Violence is a 'preventable disease'.
  69. ^ Corrigan Maguire, Mairead (17 November 2006). "A Nonkilling, Nonviolent World for the 21st Century". Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2011. The Human family is moving away from the violent mindset, and increasingly violence, war, armed struggles, violent revolutions, are no longer romanticed, glorified, or culturally accepted as ways of solving our problems.
  70. ^ "Mairead Corrigan Maguire by John Dear, S.J." The Peace People. Retrieved 19 February 2011. I believe that hope for the future depends on each of us taking nonviolence into our hearts and minds and developing new and imaginative structures which are nonviolent and life-giving for all...Some people will argue that this is too idealistic. I believe that it is very realistic. I am convinced that humanity is fast evolving to this higher consciousness...Everything is changing and everything is possible.
  71. ^ Maguire, Mairead. "We Need Wisdom". Jesus Our Shepherd. Retrieved 19 February 2011. I believe each one of us is called to seek truth in our own lives, and to live out that truth with as much integrity as possible. That means reclaiming the ethic of non-violence and love.
  72. ^ Maguire, Mairead (18 February 2009). "'Saving Succeeding Generations from the Scourge of War': Building a Nonkilling, Nonviolent Culture for the Human Family". Mehta Centre. Retrieved 19 February 2011. Armies: I believe we should work to transform the culture of militarism into a culture of nonkilling, nonviolence and peace. Armies could be abolished (as has been done in countries like Costa Rica) and instead establish multi-national community unarmed peacekeepers.
  73. ^ Binyon, Michael (9 October 2009). "Comment: absurd decision on Obama makes a mockery of the Nobel Peace Prize". The Times. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  74. ^ "Legacy of NI peace movement". BBC News. 11 August 2006. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  75. ^ Fairmichael, Rob (1987). "The Peace People Experience" (PDF). Irish Network for Nonviolent Action, Training and Education. pp. 17, 18. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  76. ^ Pederson, T. (2006). "Reflections on the prize of prizes: Alfred Nobel". The FASEB Journal. 20 (13). The FASEB Journal: 2186. doi:10.1096/fj.06-1102ufm. PMID 17077294. Retrieved 2 February 2011.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  77. ^ Locke, Michelle. "Berkeley Nobel laureates donate prize money to charity" (PDF). Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  78. ^ Abrams (2001). The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An illustrated biographical history 1901-2001. USA: Science History Publications. p. 28. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |fist= ignored (help)
  79. ^ Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams: Making Peace in Northern Ireland. pp. 89–90.
  80. ^ Fairmichael, Rob (1987). "The Peace People Experience" (PDF). Irish Network for Nonviolent Action, Training and Education. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  81. ^ Yemini, Ben Dror (7 July 2009). "Hovevei ha-Ayatollot ba-Hevra ha-Yisre'elit (Hebrew)". NRG (Maariv). Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  82. ^ Mittleman, Shmuel (29 September 2010). "Calat Pras Nobel le-Shalom Mevaqeshet le-Hishaer ba-Aretz (Hebrew)". NRG (Maariv). Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  83. ^ "Michael Elterman: Nobel laureate Mairead Maguire's good intentions promote anti-Semitism". Georgia Straight. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  84. ^ "Editorial: The disengenuous Nobel laureate". Jerusalem Post. 4 October 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  85. ^ Yagna, Yanir; Barak; Pfeffer, Anshel (6 June 2010). "Navy takes over Rachel Corrie without incident". Haaretz. Retrieved 13 February 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  86. ^ Levy, Gideon (3 October 2010). "A Nobel Peace Prize laureate in prison". Haaretz. Retrieved 8 February 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

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