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Mazie Hirono

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Mazie Hirono
United States Senator
from Hawaii
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Serving with Brian Schatz
Preceded byDaniel Akaka
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Hawaii's 2nd district
In office
January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2013
Preceded byEd Case
Succeeded byTulsi Gabbard
9th Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
In office
December 2, 1994 – December 2, 2002
GovernorBen Cayetano
Preceded byBen Cayetano
Succeeded byDuke Aiona
Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives
from the 22nd district
In office
January 3, 1993 – December 2, 1994
Preceded byGene Ward
Succeeded byTerry Yoshinaga
Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives
from the 32nd district
In office
January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1993
Preceded byClarice Hashimoto
Succeeded byLen Pepper
Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives
from the 20th district
In office
January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1985
Preceded byMitsuo Shito
Daniel J. Kihano
Succeeded byCam Cavasso
Member of the Hawaii House of Representatives
from the 12th district
In office
January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1983
Preceded byClifford Uwaine
David Hagino
Succeeded byBarbara Marumoto
Personal details
Born
Mazie Keiko Hirono

(1947-11-03) November 3, 1947 (age 77)
Koori, Fukushima, Japan
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseLeighton Kim Oshima
Alma materUniversity of Hawaii, Manoa
Georgetown University

Mazie Keiko Hirono (メイジー・ヒロノ, Meijī Hirono, Japanese name: 広野 慶子 Hirono Keiko, born November 3, 1947) is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from Hawaii, in office since 2013. Hirono, a member of the Democratic Party, previously served as a member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1985 to 1995 and as the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii from 1994 to 2002, serving under Governor Ben Cayetano. She was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Hawaii in 2002 but was defeated by Republican Linda Lingle. She then served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district from 2007 to 2013.

She is the first elected female Senator from Hawaii, the first Asian-American woman elected to the Senate, the first U.S. Senator born in Japan, and the nation's first Buddhist Senator. She considers herself a non-practicing Buddhist[1][2] and is often cited with Hank Johnson as the first Buddhist to serve in the United States Congress.[3] She is the third woman to be elected to Congress from the state of Hawaii (after Patsy Mink and Pat Saiki). The Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by the retirement of Daniel Akaka, Hirono won the election, defeating Linda Lingle in a re-match landslide victory by 63% to 37%. Hirono was sworn in on January 3, 2013, by the Vice President and President of the Senate, Joe Biden. Hirono was the only person of Asian ancestry serving in the U.S. Senate until 2016 when senators Tammy Duckworth and Kamala Harris were elected in the state of Illinois and California.

Early life and education

Mazie Hirono was born on November 3, 1947, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Although born in Japan, she was born to a mother who was an American citizen. At the age of 16, her maternal grandfather, Sato Hiroshi, immigrated to Hawaii to work on sugarcane plantations; Hirono’s grandmother, Tari Shinoki, was a picture bride.[4] After finding plantation work difficult, they opened a bathhouse on River Street in Honolulu in 1928 and saved their money. The couple had a daughter, Sato Laura Chie, in 1924 and a son, Akira. In 1939, Tari returned to Japan with their son and daughter; Hiroshi remained behind to run the bathhouse for two more years before rejoining his family in 1941. Though Laura felt out of place in Japan, in 1946, aged 22, she married a veterinarian, Hirono Matabe, and moved with her husband to southern Fukushima. The couple had three children, Roy, Mazie and Wayne; Mazie was the middle child and only daughter.[5]

Hirono's father was a compulsive gambler and alcoholic who would pawn his wife's possessions for gambling money.[5] Treated "like a slave," by her in-laws, Hirono said,[5] in 1951 Laura left her abusive marriage. The deciding moment for her had come after Akira, who had returned to Hawaii after the war, had sent some money for a school uniform for her youngest son Wayne, but her husband had taken it to buy an overcoat.[4] As Laura later recounted, "My brother sent money to buy a school uniform for my son. My husband took the money, went to town and never came back home. It was getting closer to the start of school, so I went to look for him. I found out he had ordered an overcoat for himself with the money. He didn't need an overcoat in the spring. That's when I made up my mind to leave." After telling her in-laws she would be taking her elder son and Hirono to school in her hometown, Laura left the house, never to return. Selling her clothes for the rail fare, she returned to her parents' house. Laura said, "My husband never came around once; my parents were supportive and took all of us in. My mother gave us money. I guess it all boils down to love."

Hirono's grandparents decided to return to Hawaii, but as Japanese citizens without professional backgrounds, they could only immigrate under a quota system; as Laura had citizenship, she decided to return first. As Wayne was only three, Laura left him with her parents and returned with Mazie and Roy to Hawaii in March 1955, sending for Wayne and her parents in 1957.[4]

"She determined that she had to get away, and it wasn't enough to even be living in the same country — she wanted to put thousands of miles between them," Hirono said. "That took a lot of courage. I always tell my mom there is nothing I can do, (hard as it is to be in politics, to be in public life, that I think is) harder than what she did.",[4][5]

After first living with her uncle Akira, Mazie, Roy and her mother moved into a rooming house on Kewalo Street in Honolulu. "The first place had one room, one table, three chairs and one bed," Laura said. "Mazie and Roy slept on the bed. I slept on the floor with a futon. The landlady was so nice. The rent was $35, but she charged us less because I didn't have a job."[4] Laura found work for Hawaii Hochi as a typesetter and also worked three nights a week for a catering company. Hirono herself worked in the school cafeteria and had a paper route.[6]

Though money was tight and the family was forced to move often, Laura kept them together. Mazie Hirono recalled that she and her brother used to get a dime once or twice a week from their mother. "We both had baseball piggy banks. My older brother spent all his dimes but I saved mine. But one day I came home and the dimes were gone. My mother had to use it to buy food."

Hirono never saw her father again, and he has since died.[7] Laura became a newspaper proofreader in 1961 and retired from the Hawaii Newspaper Agency in 1986; Roy became a Hawaii Electric supervisor. Wayne drowned in 1978, aged 26. Her grandfather, Hiroshi, died in 1989, and her grandmother Tari died in 2000 at age 99.[4][8]

Raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, Hirono became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1959, the year that Hawaii became a state.[9] Hirono attended Kaʻahumanu Elementary and Koko Head Elementary Schools. She later graduated from Kaimuki High School, which at the time of her attendance had a predominantly Japanese American student body. Upon graduating from high school, Hirono enrolled at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa where, in 1970, she graduated Phi Beta Kappa and received a B.A. in psychology.[10] She left Hawaii to attend Georgetown University Law Center obtained her J.D. in 1978. Hirono returned to Honolulu where she practiced law.[11]

Hawaii House of Representatives (1981–1994)

Elections

In 1980, she was elected to Hawaii's 12th House District in a multi-member district with Democrat State Representative David Hagino.[12] Hawaii eliminated MMDs and after redistricting, she ran for Hawaii's 20th House District and won.[13] After redistricting again in 1984, she ran for the newly redrawn Hawaii's 32nd House District and won.[14] In 1992, after redistricting, she ran in the newly redrawn Hawaii's 22nd House District. She was challenged in the Democratic primary and won the three candidate field with 91% of the vote.[15] She won the general election and served only one term in the 22nd district before retiring in 1994 to run for statewide office.[16]

Tenure

From 1980 to 1994, Hirono served in the Hawaii House of Representatives, passing more than 120 laws. She was honored by a coalition of leaseholders as Legislator of the Year in 1984.

Committee assignments

From 1987 to 1992, she was the Chairman of the Consumer Protection and Commerce Committee.

Lieutenant Governor (1994–2002)

Elections

1994

She ran for Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii and won the Democratic primary defeating fellow State Representative Jackie Young 65%–26%.[17] In the general election, she defeated three other candidates: Danny Kaniela Kaleikini (Best Party), State Representative Fred Hemmings (Republican Party), and Jack Morse (Green Party) 37%–31%–29%–4%.[18]

1998

She ran for re-election in 1998. She was challenged in the primary by Nancy L. Cook and defeated her 89%–11%.[19] In the general election, Hirono defeated Republican State Senator Stan Koki 50%–49%, a difference of 5,254 votes.[20]

Tenure

In 1994, she joined the ticket of incumbent Lieutenant Governor Benjamin J. Cayetano and was consequently elected to a historic administration led by the first Filipino American governor and first Japanese immigrant lieutenant governor. During her tenure as lieutenant governor, Hirono was also president of the National Commission on Teaching, America's Future, as well as the Hawaii Policy Group. She also spearheaded the first-in-the-nation comprehensive Pre-Plus program, a precursor to universal pre-school education in the United States.

2002 gubernatorial election

Main article: Hawaii gubernatorial election, 2002

Hirono originally wanted to run for Mayor of Honolulu in a potential 2002 special election created by the vacancy of incumbent Mayor Jeremy Harris, who was planning to resign in order to run for Governor of Hawaii. However, due to internal controversies, Harris dropped out of the gubernatorial election and remained mayor for another two years. Hirono switched races.

Hirono maneuvered to gain the support of potential Harris voters in her challenge against former State House Majority Leader Ed Case. Through the entire primary campaign season, Hirono and Case polled almost equally. Hirono defeated Case in the September 21 Democratic primary, 41%-40%, a difference of 2,613 votes.[21][22][23]

Only a few weeks later, Republican nominee and Mayor of Maui Linda Lingle defeated Hirono 52%-47%. She became Hawaii's first female governor.[24][25]

U.S. House of Representatives (2007–2013)

Earlier photo of Congresswoman Hirono.

Elections

2006
Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii, 2006 § District 2

On September 23, Hirono ran for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district, being vacated by incumbent U.S. Congressman Ed Case. The Democratic primary was very competitive. There were ten candidates, seven of whom served in the Hawaii Legislature. Hirono's advantage was the fact that she was the only candidate who had held statewide office and as a result had the most name recognition. She also raised more money than any other candidate in the race, mostly because of the endorsement of EMILY's List.[26] Hirono also loaned her campaign $100,000. She won with a plurality of just 22% of the vote. State Senator Colleen Hanabusa ranked second with 21%, and was only 845 votes short of Hirono.[27][28]

In the general election, she defeated Republican State Senator Bob Hogue 61%-39%.[29]

2008
Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii, 2008 § District 2

Hirono won re-election to a second term with 76% of the vote.[30] She outperformed presidential candidate Barack Obama, a native of Honolulu, by three points.

2010
Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii, 2010 § District 2

Hirono won re-election to a third term with 72% of the vote.[31]

Tenure

In 2008, Hirono was named the national preschool advocacy organization Pre-K Now's "Pre-K Champion" for her efforts on behalf of pre-kindergarten legislation.[32]

Stance on abortion

Hirono's voting history on abortion policies in the US House of Representatives is congruent with her reputation as a liberal.[33] Hirono co-sponsored and signed the Prevention First Act of 2007. This act was aimed towards increasing public access to contraception, as well as increasing government funding to support the use of contraception.[34] The act takes a pro-active stance on birth control, with an emphasis on informing and protecting women from unintended pregnancy.[34] On May 4, 2011, Hirono voted against the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act, which would have prohibited federal health care program from covering abortion costs, with exceptions being given to life-threatening cases.[34] The NTFA Act was highly controversial and pertinent to the future of American health care, as its outcome would create policies that conflicted with the coverage of the President's proposed Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[35] In July 2011, Hirono continued to show her support for contraceptives by signing the Access to Birth Control Act, which mandates that pharmacies provide birth control to customers without undue delay.[34] The ABP Act also ensures that customers seeking birth control can obtain without being submitted to unwanted harassment or breaches in patient confidentiality.[34] Emily's List, a Democratic pro-choice action committee, pledged support to Hirono for her history of supporting contraceptive and abortion policies during her term.[34] The endorsement of Emily's List helped Hirono in her 2012 Senatorial race,[citation needed] contributing $129,714 to her campaign.[36]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

U.S. Senate

2012 election

Main article: United States Senate election in Hawaii, 2012

On May 19, 2011, Mazie Hirono announced her candidacy for the U.S. Senate seat left open by Senator Daniel Akaka, who was retiring at the end of his term in 2012.[37] She won the Democratic primary election on August 11, 2012.[38] Hirono was endorsed as one of Democracy for America's Dean Dozen. She faced former Governor of Hawaii, Republican Linda Lingle, in the general election on November 6, 2012, and won.[39] She is the first female senator from Hawaii, as well as the first Asian-born immigrant to be elected to the U.S. Senate.[40] She was a part of the first completely non-Christian Congressional delegation from the state,[citation needed] which continued until the election of Mark Takai (an Episcopalian) in 2014 as Representative of Hawaii's 1st Congressional District.

In the 2012 campaign, Hirono was able to raise $5.2 million, with approximately 52% of that amount coming from large corporations, whereas Lingle raised $5.5 million, with 74% of the funding coming from large corporations. Hirono ended up spending $5 million, to come up with a 63% win over her opponent, while Lingle spent $4.8 million.[41]

On December 12, 2012, the Senate Democratic Steering Committee announced that Hirono would serve on the Senate Judiciary Committee, giving her influence on matters ranging from approving nominations of federal judges to setting criminal-justice policy.

Committee assignments

Electoral history

Results certified by the Office of Elections, State of Hawaii:[42]

  • 1992 Democratic Primary race for Hawai'i House of Representatives, District 22
    • Mazie Hirono (D) (inc.), 80.7%
    • Christopher Perreira (D), 4.7%
    • Franklin Sasahara (D), 3.4%
  • 1992 race for Hawai'i House of Representatives, District 22
    • Mazie Hirono (D) (inc.), 100.0%
  • 1994 Democratic Primary race for Lieutenant Governor
    • Mazie Hirono (D), 59.8%
    • Jackie Young (D), 24.1%
    • Pol Ragasa (D), 3.1%
    • Sterling "Kalena" Ing (D), 2.1%
    • Liko Martin (D), 1.7%
    • Sky Wyttenbach (D), 0.8%
  • 2002 Democratic Primary race for Governor
    • Mazie Hirono (D), 41.2%
    • Ed Case (D), 39.8%
    • Andy Anderson (D), 17.9%
    • George Nitta, Jr. (D), 0.4%
    • Art Reyes (D), 0.3%
    • Joe Fernandez (D), 0.3%
  • 2002 race for Governor
    • Linda Lingle (R), 51.1%
    • Mazie Hirono (D), 46.6%
    • Bu La'ia Hill (NL), 0.7%
    • Tracy Ryan (L), 0.4%
    • Jim Brewer (I), 0.3%
    • Daniel Cunningham (F), 0.1%
  • 2006 Democratic Primary race for U.S. House of Representatives - 2nd Congressional District
    • Mazie Hirono (D), 21.8%
    • Colleen Hanabusa (D), 21.1%
    • Matt Matsunaga (D), 14.3%
    • Clayton Hee (D), 11.3%
    • Gary Hooser (D), 9.6%
    • Brian Schatz (D), 7.4%
    • Ron Menor (D), 7.2%
    • Nestor Garcia (D), 4.0%
    • Hanalei Aipoalani (D), 2.4%
    • Joe Zuiker (D), 1.0%
  • 2006 race for U.S. House of Representatives – 2nd Congressional District
  • 2008 race for U.S. House of Representatives – 2nd Congressional District
    • Mazie Hirono (D) (inc.), 69.8%
    • Roger Evans (R), 18.7%
    • Shaun Stenshol (I), 1.7%
    • Lloyd "Jeff" Mallan (L), 1.6%
  • 2010 race for U.S. House of Representatives – 2nd Congressional District
    • Mazie Hirono (D) (inc.), 67.7%
    • John Willoughby (R), 23.7%
    • Pat Brock (L), 1.7%
    • Andrew Vsevolod Von Sonn (I), 0.7%
  • 2012 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate
    • Mazie Hirono (D), 57.7%
    • Ed Case (D), 40.9%
    • Arturo Pacheco "Art" Reyes (D), 0.7%
    • Michael Gillespie (D), 0.5%
    • Antonio Gimbernat (D), 0.2%
  • 2012 race for U.S. Senate
    • Mazie Hirono (D), 62.4%
    • Linda Lingle (R), 37.6%

References

  1. ^ "Buddhists Get the Vote". Manitoba Buddhist Temple. November 5, 2010. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  2. ^ Camire, Dennis (January 5, 2007). "What happened to ... religious tolerance?". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Company. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
  3. ^ Jonathan Tilove. "New Congress brings with it religious firsts". Newhouse News Service. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Rod Ohira (May 8, 1999). "Lieutenant governor reflects on the 'bookends' of her life". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d Dan Boylan (March 21, 2007). "The Immigrant Congresswoman". Midweek. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  6. ^ LaFrance, Adrieene. "What It's Like To Be The Only Asian-American Woman in the U.S. Senate". Medium. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
  7. ^ "Mazie Hirono: From poverty to quiet power". Honolulu Advertiser. September 4, 2002. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
  8. ^ "Tari Sato". Ancestry.com. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  9. ^ "Hawaii, Senate - Mazie Hirono". NationalJournal.com. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
  10. ^ http://www.biography.com/people/mazie-hirono-21132407#synopsis
  11. ^ "Mazie K. Hirono, Attorney". Lawyer.com. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  12. ^ "HI State House 12 Race". Our Campaigns. November 4, 1980. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  13. ^ "HI State House 20 Race". Our Campaigns. November 2, 1982. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  14. ^ "HI State House 32 Race". Our Campaigns. November 6, 1984. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  15. ^ "HI State House 22 - D Primary Race". Our Campaigns. September 19, 1992. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  16. ^ "HI State House 22 Race". Our Campaigns. November 3, 1992. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  17. ^ "HI Lt. Governor - D Primary Race". Our Campaigns. September 17, 1994. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  18. ^ "HI Lt. Governor Race". Our Campaigns. November 8, 1994. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  19. ^ "HI Lt. Governor - D Primary Race". Our Campaigns. September 19, 1998. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  20. ^ "HI Lt. Governor Race". Our Campaigns. November 3, 1998. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  21. ^ "HI Governor - D Primary Race". Our Campaigns. September 21, 2002. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  22. ^ Borreca, Richard (September 23, 2002). "The race is on". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  23. ^ State of Hawaii Office of Elections (September 28, 2002). "2002 Primary Election Results (Statewide Summary)" (PDF). Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  24. ^ "HI Governor Race". Our Campaigns. November 5, 2002. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  25. ^ Borreca, Richard (November 6, 2002). "'Big responsibility'". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  26. ^ Carries Giddins. "Emily's list announces endorsement of Mazie Hirono for Hawaii's 2nd congressional District", "Essential Elements.". Retrieved June 14, 2006.
  27. ^ "HI District 2 - D Primary Race". Our Campaigns. September 23, 2006. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  28. ^ Rachel Kapochunas. "Akaka Survives Challenge from Case in Hawaii Democratic Primary", cqpolitics. Retrieved Sep 24, 2006.
  29. ^ "HI - District 02 Race". Our Campaigns. November 7, 2006. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  30. ^ "HI - District 02 Race". Our Campaigns. November 4, 2008. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  31. ^ "HI - District 02 Race". Our Campaigns. November 2, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  32. ^ "Rep. Mazie Hirono". Politico. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  33. ^ "Mazie Hirono on the Issues." On the Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov 19, 2012. [1]
  34. ^ a b c d e f "Mazie Hirono on Abortion." On the Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov 19, 2012. [2].
  35. ^ "PUBLIC LAW 111–148—Mar 23, 2010." Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov 19, 2012.<http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ148/pdf/PLAW- 111publ148.pdf>.
  36. ^ "Mazie K. Hirono." Hirono: Campaign Finance/Money. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov 19, 2012. <http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cid=N00028139>.
  37. ^ DePledge, Derrick (May 20, 2011). "Hirono to run for U.S. Senate". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
  38. ^ "Election Results". Office of Elections, State of Hawaii. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  39. ^ by Honolulu Star Advertiser and Associated Press (November 6, 2012). "Hirono defeats Lingle in Senate race". Honolulu Star Advertiser. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  40. ^ "Hirono Becomes First U.S. Senator Born in Japan". The Wall Street Journal. November 6, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  41. ^ OpenSecrets.org. (2012 ). Total raised and spent 2012 race: Hawaii district s2. Retrieved from http://www.opensecrets.org/races/summary.php?id=his2&cycle=2012
  42. ^ "Election Results". Office of Elections, State of Hawaii. Retrieved December 5, 2010.

Further reading

Political offices
Preceded by Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
1994–2002 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for Governor of Hawaii
2002 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Hawaii
(Class 1)
2012 		Most recent
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
2007–2013 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Hawaii
2013–present
Served alongside: Brian Schatz 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States Senators by seniority
78th 		Succeeded by
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