Names and titles of Muhammad
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The names and titles of Muhammad,[1] names and attributes of Muhammad[2], Names of Muhammad (Arabic: أَسْمَاءُ ٱلْنَّبِيّ ’Asmā’u ’n-Nabiyy) are the names of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and used by Muslims, where 88 of them are commonly renown, but also countless names which are found mainly in the Quran and hadith literature.
Background
The name Muhammad (/mʊˈhæməd, -ˈhɑːməd/)[3] means "praiseworthy" and appears four times in the Quran.[4] The Quran addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; prophet, messenger, servant of God ('abd), announcer (bashir),[Quran 2:119] witness (shahid),[Quran 33:45] bearer of good tidings (mubashshir), warner (nathir),[Quran 11:2] reminder (mudhakkir),[Quran 88:21] one who calls [unto God] (dā'ī),[Quran 12:108] light personified (noor),[Quran 05:15] and the light-giving lamp (siraj munir).[Quran 33:46] Muhammad is sometimes addressed by designations deriving from his state at the time of the address: thus he is referred to as the enwrapped (Al-Muzzammil) in Quran 73:1 and the shrouded (al-muddaththir) in Quran 74:1.[5] In Sura Al-Ahzab 33:40 the Quran singles out Muhammad as the "Seal of the prophets", or the last of the prophets.[6] It also refers to Muhammad as Aḥmad "more praiseworthy" (Template:Lang-ar, Sura As-Saff 61:6).[7][8][9][10] The name of chapter Surah 47 of the Quran is "Muhammad".[11]
The name Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim,[12] begins with the kunya[13] Abū, which corresponds to the English, father of.[14]
| Sura | Verse | English translation (by Abdullah Yusuf Ali[15][16]) |
|---|---|---|
| Al Imran (Template:Lang-ar) | 144 | Muhammad is only a messenger: many Were the messenger that passed away before him. If he died or were slain, will ye then Turn back on your heels? If any did turn back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to Allah; but Allah (on the other hand) will swiftly reward those who (serve Him) with gratitude.[17] |
| Al-Ahzab (Template:Lang-ar) | 40 | Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things.[18] |
| Muhammad (Arabic: سورة محمد) | 2 | But those who believe and work deeds of righteousness, and believe in the (Revelation) sent down to Muhammad – for it is the Truth from their Lord, – He will remove from them their ills and improve their condition.[19] |
| Al-Fath (Template:Lang-ar) | 29 | Muhammad is the messenger of Allah; and those who are with him are strong against disbelievers, (but) compassionate amongst each other. Thou wilt see them bow and prostrate themselves (in prayer), seeking Grace from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. On their faces are their marks, (being) the traces of their prostration. This is their similitude in the Taurat; and their similitude in the Gospel is: like a seed which sends forth its blade, then makes it strong; it then becomes thick, and it stands on its own stem, (filling) the sowers with wonder and delight. As a result, it fills the Unbelievers with rage at them. Allah has promised those among them who believe and do righteous deeds forgiveness, and a great Reward.[20] |
| As-Saff (Template:Lang-ar) | 6 | And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: "O Children of Israel! I am the messenger of Allah (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad." But when he came to them with Clear Signs, they said, "this is evident sorcery!" [21] |
Names and honorifics
Muhammad is often referenced with these titles or epithet by praise:
- Nabiyy/ Nabi (Arabic: أَلْنَّبِيّ an-Nābiyy), "The Prophet" – i.e.: "Prophet of Prophets"
- Rasoul’Allah/ Rasoul’Ullah (Arabic: رَسُولُ ٱلله Rasūl’Allāh/ Rasūl’Ullāh), "The Messenger of Allah"
- Habib/ Habeeb (Arabic: أَلْحَبِيب al-Ḥabīb), "The Beloved" – i.e. Habib’Ullah/Habib’Allah (Arabic: حَبِيبُ ٱلله al-Ḥabīb’Allāh/ al-Ḥabīb’Ullāh) "The Beloved of Allah"
- Mustafa/ Mustafaa (Arabic: أَلْمُصْطَفَى al-Muṣṭafā), "The Chosen/ Appointed"[22] – i.e: the "Prophet of Allah and Islam"
- Amin/ Ameen/ Amiyn (Arabic: أَلْأَمِين al-Amīn), "The Genuine/ Trustworthy/ Faithful"[23]
- Sadiq/ Sadeeq (Arabic: أَلْصَّدِيق aṣ-Ṣadīq), "The Honest/ Righteous/ Truthful"[24] – i.e: Siddīq
- Rauf/ Raouf/ Rawouf (Arabic: أَلْرَّؤُوف ar-Raw’ūf), "The Kind/ Compassionate/ Affectionate"[25]
- Uswatun Hasanah (Arabic: أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَة Uswatun Ḥasanah), "The Model of Excellent Conduct, Merit and Virtue"[26]
- Kamil/ Kaamil (Arabic: أَلْكَامِل al-Kamil), "The Perfect, Complete and Absolute", i.e.: al-Insan al-Kamil/ al-Insaan al-Kaamil (Arabic: أَلْإِنْسَانُ ٱلْكَامِل al-Insānu ’l-Kāmil), "The Man of All Men in Absoluteness, Completion, Perfection"[27]
- Khayr ul-Bashr (Arabic:خَيْرُ ٱلْبَشر al-Khayru ’l-Bashr), "The Best of Mankind"[28]
- Khatim an-Nabiyyin/ Khaatim an-Nabiyyin (Arabic: خَاتِمُ ٱلْنَبِيٍّ Khātim an-Nābiyyin), "The Last Seal/ End of Seal of All Prophets"[29]
- ar-Rahmatul lil-‘Alamin/ ar-Rahmatul lil-‘Aalameen/ ar-Rahmatul lil-‘Aalamiyn (Arabic: أَلْرَحْمَةٌ لِّلْعَالَمِين ar-Rahmatul lil-‘Ālamīn), "Merciful and Compassionate to the Universe (of All Creation)"[30] i.e.: the "Merciful and Compassionate to all Mankind, jinn and All Creation"
- ash-Shahid/ ash-Shaheed/ ash-Shahiyd (Arabic: أَلْشَّهِيد ash-Shahīd), "The Witness"[31]
- al-Mubashir, "The Bearer of Good Tidings"[32]
- an-Nadhir, "The Warner"[32]
- al-Mudhakkir, "The Reminder"[33]
- ad-Dā‘ī, "The One Who Calls (unto God)"[34]
- al-Bashir, "The Announcer"[35]
- an-Nūr, "The Light Personified"[36]
- al-Misbah, "The Lamp/ Lantern" (lit. "Bringer of Light – Dawn") – i.e.: as-Siraaj al-Muneer, "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"[37]
- as-Siraaj, "The Lamp/ Lantern" – i.e.: as-Siraaj al-Muneer, "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent"[37]
- al-Kareem, "The Noble and Generous One"[38]
- Ni‘mat-Ullah, "The Divine Favour"[39]
- al-Ummiyy, "The Unlettered and Illiterate", i.e.: An-Nabiyyu l-Ummiyy, "The Prophet who is Unlettered and Illiterate"[40]
- al-Muzzammil, "The Enwrapped"[41]
- al-Muddathir, "The Shrouded"[42]
- al-'Aqib, "The Last (Prophet)"[43][44]
- al-Mutawakkil, "The One who Puts his Trust (in God)"[45]
- Qutham, "Of Perfect Character. Gifted With Every Merit."
- al-Mahi, "The Remover (of Disbelief)"[46]
- al-Hanif, "The One of Primordial Religion"
- Nâbîyyu at-Tawbah, "The Prophet of Penitence"
- al-Mu`azzaz, "The Strengthened One, the One Made Invulnerable"
- al-Muwaqqar, "Held in Awe"
- al-Fatih, "The Opener"
- al-Hashir, "The Gatherer (First to be Resurrected) on the Day of Judgement"[44]
- al-Shafî`, "The Intercessor"[47][48]
- al-Mushaffa`, "The One Whose Intercession Shall be Granted"[49]
- al-Mujtaba (Template:Lang-ar, "the Chosen One")[50]
- Ahmad, "Most Deserving of Praise"[51]
- Hamid, "Praiser (of God)"
- Mahmood, "Praiseworthy"
- ‘Abd’Allah/ ‘Abd’Ullah, "Servant of Allah"[52]
- Akhir, "The End/ Last" – i.e. "Last Prophet",[53] "Last Messenger"[54]
- Khatim, "The Seal" - i.e. "Final Prophet"[55], "Final Messenger"[56]
He is also known by these names:
- Ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, "(Grand) Son/ Descendant of ‘Abd al-Muttalib"
- Abu ’l-Qasim (Template:Lang-ar, "Father of Al-Qasim [Qasim ibn Muhammad]") – father of the male child by his first wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid.
- Abu ‘Abd’Ullah, "Father of ‘Abd’Ullah bin Muhammad" – father of the male child by his first wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid.
- Abu Ibrahim, "Father of Ibrahim bin Muhammad" – father of the male child by his wife Maria al-Qibtiyya.
- Abu ’t-Tahir, "Father of the Pure"
- Abu ’t-Tayyib, "Father of the Pleasant"
In Turkey and by Muslims of the Balkans, he is often called Hazrat (Arabic: حضرت ḥadhrat; i.e. "His Presence/ Holiness") Muhammed, or "Peygamber Efendimiz" (Our messenger)[57] and in Iran, Central Asia and South Asia, he is often called Hazrat (Arabic: حضرت ḥadhrat; i.e. "His Presence/ Holiness") or Peyghambar (Persian: پيغمبر messenger, literally: "he who gives or delivers the message").
Islamic scholars strongly emphasized the need whenever and wherever the name of Muhammad is spoken or written either in Arabic or one's own language, for Muslims to conventionally follow his name by the honorific phrase "Peace Be Upon Him" (often abbreviated "PBUH", lit. "Blessings of Allah be upon Him with Peace") in English, or said majorly in the Arabic ﷺ / صلى الله عليه وسلم (ṣalla’Allahu ‘alayhi wa-sallam, acronymically transcribed as "SAWS"), as omitting the use of such acronyms is considered inappropriate.
The salawat, practice of invocations, say blessings and salutations upon Muhammad, is encouraged to Muslims by a well-known verse of the Quran.[58]
See also
References
- ^ "Names and Titles of Prophet Muhammad". Journey of a Seeker Of Sacred Knowledge. January 20, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- ^ Yeniterzi, Emine. "The Names and Attributes of Prophet Muhammad in Divine Literature". Last Prophet. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- ^ "Muhammad" Archived 15 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ Jean-Louis Déclais, Names of the Prophet, Encyclopedia of the Quran
- ^ Uri Rubin, Muhammad, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an
- ^ Ernst (2004), p. 80
- ^ Iqbal, Muzaffar, ed. (2013). Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an. Vol. 1. Center for Islamic Sciences. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-926620-00-8.
- ^ "Critical Thinking – A World View".
- ^ "Muhammad in Quran".
- ^ "Some Selected Verses From The Holy Qur'an On OUR BELOVED PROPHET MUHAMMAD Sallallahu 'alayhi wa Sallam".
- ^ "Quran (Chapter 47)".
- ^ Muhammad Archived 9 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 15 February 2017
- ^ Goitein, S.D. (1967) – A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Volume 1 Archived 22 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine p. 357. University of California Press ISBN 0-520-22158-3 Retrieved 17 February 2017
- ^ Ward, K. (2008) – Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia Archived 22 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine p. 221, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies ISBN 981-230-851-2 Retrieved 17 February 2017
- ^ "Translations of the Qur'an". Archived from the original on 2016-08-10.
- ^ "English translation of Quran by Yusuf Ali".
- ^ "Quran Surah Aal-i-Imraan ( Verse 144 )'". Retrieved 2018-01-25.
- ^ "Quran Surah Al-Ahzaab ( Verse 40 )'". Retrieved 2018-01-25.
- ^ "Quran Surah Muhammad ( Verse 2 )'". Retrieved 2018-01-25.
- ^ "Quran Surah Al-Fath ( Verse 29 )'". Retrieved 2018-01-25.
- ^ "Quran Surah As-Saff ( Verse 6 )'". Retrieved 2018-01-25.
- ^ Quran 22:75
- ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:237
- ^ Quran 33:22
- ^ Quran 9:128
- ^ Quran 68:4
- ^ "Ibn al-'Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164–1240)". Muslim Philosophy. Retrieved January 18, 2013. 4. The 'perfect man' and the Muhammadan reality
- ^ Quran 33:21
- ^ Quran 33:40
- ^ Quran 21:107
- ^ Quran 33:45
- ^ a b Quran 11:2
- ^ Quran 88:21
- ^ Quran 12:108
- ^ Quran 2:119
- ^ Quran 5:15
- ^ a b Quran 33:46
- ^ Quran 69:40
- ^ Quran 16:83
- ^ Quran 7:157–158
- ^ Quran 73:01
- ^ Quran 74:01
- ^ Sahih Muslim, 4:1859
- ^ a b Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:56:732
- ^ Quran 9:129
- ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:56:732
- ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:93:601
- ^ Quran 3:159Quran 4:64Quran 60:12
- ^ Quran 19:87Quran 20:109
- ^ "Mujtaba, A Quranic Name for Boys". quranicnames.com. Retrieved 2017-02-21.
- ^ Quran 61:6
- ^ Quran 25:1
- ^ Muhammad and Christ, Maulana Muhammad Ali – 2011
- ^ Muhammad The Messenger of God: M. Fethullah Gülen – 2014
- ^ Amīn Aḥsan Iṣlāḥī, Mohammad Saleem Kayani – 2007, Tafsir of Surah al-Fātihan and Surah al-Baqarah – Page 244
- ^ Islam for Beginners: What You Wanted to Ask But Didn't, p 13, Mirza Yawar Baig – 2011
- ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1990). Islamic Names: An Introduction (Islamic Surveys). Edinburgh University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-85224-563-7.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Islam / Muslim". Woodlands Junior. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
Further reading
Chiabotti, Francesco, Names, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. ISBN 1610691776