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Pablo Clain

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Paul Klein (25 January 1652 in Cheb, Bohemia, now the Czech Republic – 30 August 1717 in Manila, Philippines; often used in Spanish: Pablo Clain, Latin: Paulus Klein, Czech: Pavel Klein) was a Jesuit missionary, pharmacist,[1] botanist, author of an astronomic observation, writer, rector of Colegio de Cavite as well as the rector of Colegio de San José and later Jesuit Provincial Superior in the Philippines, the highest ranking Jesuit official in the country. Klein is known as an important personality of life during the 18th-century Manila.[2]

Klein is known for writing a standardized Tagalog dictionary as well as the first person to describe Palau for the Europeans and to draw the historically first map of Palau,[3] an act which practically equaled to the discovery of Palau. He is also known to write the first astronomic observation from Manila of a moon eclipse and an overview of medicinal plants in local as well as European languages as well as recipes for their usage.

Life

Paul Klein was born in the town of Cheb, Kingdom of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) in 1652. Klein entered the Society of Jesus in 1669. He applied for a travel to the colonies in 1678.

Klein traveled to the Philippines alongside the fourth Jesuit mission dispatched from Bohemia in 1678,which consisted mostly of doctors and pharmacists[4] through Genova, Spain and Mexico (1681), arriving to the Philippines in 1682.

Klein first became a pharmacist. Pharmacy in those days was closely connected to the use of herbs and botanizing. Klein thus became the first person to describe native Philippine medicinal plants, using their names in several languages including Tagalog, Visayan and Kapampangan when he published his renowned Remedios fáciles para diferentes enfermedades ... in 1712.

Klein was also a respected educator,a professor at the Jesuit college and later the rector of Colegio de Cavite and as well as the rector of Colegio de San José. He published a number of religious texts. He was also known to play an important role in the establishment of Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary in 1684 in Manila as the spiritual director of the congregation's founder. He is regarded by the said congregation as their second founder.

In 1686 Klein described the moon eclipse in Manila (published in Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, vol. 7, Paris).

During the years of 1708-1712 Klein reached to the highest Jesuit position, becoming the provincial superior of the Jesuit order in the Philippines.

Languages and Tagalog dictionary

Klein's main language and the language of several of his letters sent back home to Bohemia was Czech.[5] Besides Czech, Klein also spoke Latin (which was the main language of his correspondence), Spanish, German and later he learned the Philippine languages of Tagalog, Cebuano and Kapampangan.

Klein became the author of the first substantial Tagalog dictionary, later passing it over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez.[6] Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly reedited with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila.[7][8]

Discovery of Palau

In 1696 a group of natives were stranded on the northern coast of the Philippine island of Samar. Paul Klein was able to meet them on 28 December 1696 and to send a letter in June 1697 to the Jesuit Superior General,[9] in which he described this encounter and included a first ever map of Palau sketched from a set of 87 pebbles[10] representing the approximate map. Klein's letter reappears again and again in later documents. It is considered a key map, giving strong stimulus to a new missionary endeavour from the Philippine Jesuits. First ships were sent to the islands in 1700, 1708 and 1709 but sunk, first boat finally arriving to Palau in 1710.

Pharmacy and botany in the service of the Philippines

Because of his previous studies of pharmacy, Klein described medicinal plants of the Philippines and collected their names in the languages of Latin, Spanish, Tagalog, Visayan and Kapampangan as well as their use in medicine. Probably the best known are his recipes of medicines made of local herbs and ingredients published in 1712.

In comparison to the vast pharmaceutical, medical and scientific work done by his compatriot Georg Joseph Kamel, which stirred interest in Europe, Klein's latter work was mainly focused on curing Filipinos while using local languages.[11] Many of his formulations are still commonly used today.[12]

As for natural sciences, botany was not his only interest, in 1686 Klein also described the moon's eclipse in Manila. His observations were published in Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, vol. 7, Paris.

Work

Besides his botanical and pharmaceutical work, Klein also authored many religious publications, published in 18th century in Manila in Spanish and in Tagalog.

  • Remedios fáciles para differentes enfermedades apuntados por el Padre Pablo Clain de la Companía de Jesús para el alivio y socorro de los Ministros evangélicos de las doctrinas de los naturales..., Universidad de Santo Tomás de Aquino, Manila 1712, 2nd edition, Madrid 1852;
  • Pensamientos christianos: sa macatovid manga paninisisdimin nang tavong christiano sa arao halagang sangbovon, 1748
  • Beneficios, y favores singulares hechos por el glorioso archangel san Rafael al santo patriarca Tobias, y su familia, 1754
  • Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, Manila - dictionary of the main Philippine language; later edited again in 1754 in Manila, with final compilation prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar.

References

  1. ^ H. de la Costa, S.J.: The Jesuits in the Philippines, 1581-1768, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Manila 2014
  2. ^ H. de la Costa, S.J.: The Jesuits in the Philippines, 1581-1768, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Manila 2014
  3. ^ http://micsem.org/pubs/articles/religion/frames/cathmissionsfr.htm Francis X. Hezel, SJ , Catholic Missions in the Carolines and Marshall Islands
  4. ^ Renée Gicklhorn: Missionsapotheker. Deutsche Pharmazeuten im Lateinamerika des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts, Stuttgart 1973: 65-70;
  5. ^ Latinská korespondence českých jezuitů z Ameriky, Filipín a Marián v českých a moravských archivech; p. 98
  6. ^ Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlucar, Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, Manila 2013, pg iv, Komision sa Wikang Filipino
  7. ^ Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, Manila 1860 at Google Books
  8. ^ Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlucar, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, Manila 2013, Komision sa Wikang Filipino
  9. ^ Diego Davin, Cartas de las Misiones Extranjeras, Madrid 1753, pg. 63-93 of the original text[dead link‍]
  10. ^ http://micsem.org/pubs/articles/religion/frames/cathmissionsfr.htm Francis X. Hezel, SJ , Catholic Missions in the Carolines and Marshall Islands
  11. ^ http://subsite.icu.ac.jp/iacs/journal_page/PDF/ACS38PDF/ACS38_11Joven.pdf Spanish Medicine in the Philippines in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
  12. ^ * J. a M. Martínkovi: Kdo byl kdo - naši cestovatelé a geografové, Libri, Praha 1998: 236;
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