Paris-Saclay University
Université Paris-Saclay | |
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Former name | University of Paris Sud XI Paris Faculty of Sciences in Orsay |
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Type | Public research university |
Established | c. 1150 University of Paris 1956 University of Paris in Orsay 1971 Paris-Sud University 2014 As a community[1] 2019 Replaces Paris-Sud University |
Chancellor | Christophe Kerrero (Chancellor of the universities of Paris) |
President | Prof. Camille GALAP[2] |
Academic staff | 10,500[3] |
Students | 60,000[3] |
Undergraduates | 5,400 |
Postgraduates | 23,300 |
6,000 | |
Location | , , 48°42′42″N 2°10′17″E / 48.7117343°N 2.1712888°E |
Campus | Campus of Saclay (Orsay - Gif), Campus of Versailles, Campus of Évry, Campus of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Campus of Paris |
Website | universite-paris-saclay.fr |
Paris-Saclay University (French: Université Paris-Saclay) is a combined technological research institute and public research university in Paris, France. Paris-Saclay was established in 2019 after the merger of four technical grandes écoles, as well as several technological institutes, engineering schools, and research facilities; giving it fifteen constituent colleges with over 48,000 students combined.[4]
With the merger, the French government has explicitly voiced their wish to rival top American technological research institutes, such as the MIT.[5][6][7] The university has over 275 laboratories in particle physics,[8] nuclear physics,[9][10] astrophysics,[11] atomic physics and molecular physics,[12] condensed matter physics,[13] theoretical physics,[14] electronics, nanoscience and nanotechnology.[15] It is part of the larger Paris-Saclay cluster, which is a research-intensive academic campus encompassing Paris-Saclay University, the Polytechnic Institute of Paris, combined with a business cluster for high-technology corporations.[16][17] Paris-Saclay notably also includes the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, where many contributions to the development of modern mathematics have been made, amongst them modern algebraic geometry and catastrophe theory.[18]
As of 2021, 11 Fields Medalists and 4 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university and its associated research institutes.[19]
History
[edit]In 2019, the Paris-Saclay University succeeded University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) founded in 1971,[20] which itself succeeded to University of Paris founded c. 1150.
After World War II, the rapid growth of nuclear physics and chemistry meant that research needed more and more powerful accelerators, which required large areas. The University of Paris, the École Normale Supérieure and the Collège de France looked for space in the south of Paris near Orsay. Later some of the teaching activity of the Faculty of Sciences in Paris was transferred to Orsay in 1956 at the request of Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie. The rapid increase of students led to the independence of the Orsay Center on March 1, 1965. It became the University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) in 1971.
The Paris-Saclay University was established in 2015 as a universities community (ComUE) and in 2019 as a university, with the aim to become a top-ranking, research-focused French university. In order to be recognized as an entity of sufficient size and quality, the university regroups some of the top grandes écoles in France with public universities under a single campus on the Saclay plateau. Each member institution will remain independent but share a significant portion of existing and newly invested resources. This follows a model similar to the one adopted by University of Oxford and Cambridge, where each constituent college keeps its independence while being grouped under a 'university'.[17]
The University System's first academic year started in September 2015.[21]
According to Dominique Vernay, chairman of the foundation developing Paris-Saclay, the university aims at a top-ten position in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), but "the first goal is to be the top university in continental Europe".[5]
In January 2020, it replaced University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) and in 2025, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE) will merge with it as well.[22]
Since October 2023, the university has been a partner of IPSA for double degrees in aerospace.[23]
Organisation
[edit]The Paris-Saclay University consists of five faculties in Sciences, Medicine, Pharmacy, Law-Economics-Management, and Sports Sciences; an Engineering school; three technical institutes specialised in scientific and technical subjects in Cachan, Orsay, and Sceaux; and an undergraduate university school.[24]
The university also brings together four grandes écoles: CentraleSupélec, AgroParisTech, ENS Paris-Saclay and the Institut d'Optique Graduate School, with two associate institutions: Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ) and University of Évry Val d'Essonne (UEVE).[24]
It combines resources from the following French universities and grandes écoles, as well as partial resources from various research organizations and the Systematic Paris-Region cluster:[25]
Initially, the community of universities also included five other grandes écoles: École Polytechnique, Télécom Paris, Telecom SudParis, ENSTA Paris and ENSAE Paris. However, due to differences in University set-up, these five grandes écoles created their own separate university Polytechnic Institute of Paris. This was announced by French President Emmanuel Macron during a speech in Paris-Saclay.[26] Both of these clusters plan to co-operate and they engage in organization of several master's degrees with the Paris-Saclay University.[27]
Faculties and Institutes
[edit]Name | Foundation[28] | Academic degree | Field | Students | Campus | Teaching language | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paris-Saclay Undergraduate University School[29] (École Universitaire de Premier Cycle Paris-Saclay) | Orsay IUT | 1971 | 2019 | Undergraduate | Law, Economics, and Science | 13,000[30] | Paris-Saclay, Guyancourt, Sceaux, Cachan, Évry-Courcouronnes | French |
Sceaux IUT | 1970 | |||||||
Cachan IUT | 1971 | |||||||
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sciences | 1956 and 1971 | Double Licence diploma (a selective bachelor's degree) and postgraduate | Science | 10,000 | Paris-Saclay | French, English[31] | ||
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Law, Economics and Management | 1968 | Law and economics | 6,000 | Sceaux | ||||
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Pharmacy | 1972 | Medicine | 3,500 | Paris-Saclay | ||||
Paris-Saclay Medical School | 1971 | 3,400 | Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris-Saclay | |||||
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sports Sciences | 1985 | Science | 1,500 | Paris-Saclay | ||||
Polytech Paris-Saclay | 2004 | Engineering | 820 | Paris-Saclay |
Grandes Écoles and graduate schools
[edit]Name | Foundation | Field | Students | Campus | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grandes Écoles | AgroParisTech | 1826 | Life sciences | 2,420 | Paris-Saclay |
CentraleSupélec | 2015 | Science and Engineering | 5,350 | Paris-Saclay, Rennes, Metz | |
ENS Paris-Saclay | 1892 | Science | 1,360 | Paris-Saclay | |
Institut d'optique Graduate School | 1917 | Optics | 440 | Paris-Saclay | |
Graduate schools | Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Law | 2019 | Law | Guyancourt, Sceaux | |
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Physics | 2019 | Physics | Paris-Saclay, Versailles, Évry-Courcouronnes | ||
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Economics and Management | 2019 | Economics | Guyancourt, Sceaux | ||
Institute of Light Sciences | 2019 | Science | Paris-Saclay | ||
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Life Sciences and Health | 2019 | Life Sciences and Health | Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre | ||
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Mathematics | 2019 | Mathematics | Paris-Saclay | ||
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Sociology and Political science | 2019 | Politics and sociology | Guyancourt, Sceaux | ||
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Engineering and Systems science | 2019 | Science and engineering | Paris-Saclay | ||
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Computer Science | 2019 |
Associated universities
[edit]Name | Foundation[28] | Academic degree | Field | Students | Campus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University | 1987 and 1991 | Undergraduate and postgraduate | Science, social science and life science | 19,000 | Versailles, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, Guyancourt |
University of Évry Val d'Essonne | 1991 | Science, social science and life science | 10,500 | Évry-Courcouronnes |
Research organizations
[edit]The following research organizations have established research centers within the Paris-Saclay University. The resources contributed by these organizations will remain largely independent from other member institutions. Once the University of Paris-Saclay is fully integrated, its research centers are expected to achieve a profile similar to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of Caltech:
- CEA (Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission)
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research)
- Inria (French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation)
- INSERM (French Institute of Health and Medical Research)
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies)
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Sciences)
- ONERA (National Board of Study and Aerospace Research)
- SOLEIL (national synchrotron facility)
- Pascal Institute - University of Paris-Saclay[32]
- Institute of Theoretical Physics
Academic programs
[edit]Each member school of the Paris-Saclay University organizes training in a given scientific field. Depending on the needs of their registered program, a student enrolled in a particular graduate school will have access to academic resources from other schools.
The various fields of study available at Paris-Saclay University are broadly categorized into the following:
- Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food, Society, Environment (Biodiversité, Agriculture et Alimentation, Société, Environnement);
- Biology, Medicine, Pharmaceutical studies (Biologie, Médecine, Pharmacie);
- Law, Political Science (Droit et Science Politique);
- Humanities (Humanités);
- Engineering, Sciences and Information Technologies (Ingénierie, Sciences et Technologies de l'information);
- Sport and Human Motion Sciences (Sciences du Sport et du Mouvement Humain);
- Basic Sciences (Sciences Fondamentales);
- Social Sciences (Sciences Sociales).
The academic programs in each of the 8 schools is expected to follow the Anglo-American model:[33]
- Paris-Saclay Undergraduate School – The Bachelor's program is provided by Paris-Saclay faculties and the 2 public universities within Paris-Saclay, which are Versailles-Saint-Quentin University and University of Évry Val-d'Essonne.
- Paris-Saclay Graduate Schools – Master's degrees are taught in both French and English. Altogether, 49 Master's degree are offered.[34]
- Paris-Saclay Research or Doctoral Schools – PhD programs are offered through 20 doctoral schools.[21] Doctoral degrees received after September 30, 2015, are awarded under the name "Paris-Saclay University", with a mention of the student's associated university or grande école.
Research programmes
[edit]The Paris-Saclay University gathers together more than 300 research units, organized into 10 doctoral schools:[35]
- Chemistry (Chimie)
- Electrical engineering, optics and electronics (EOE: Ingénierie électrique, optique et électronique)
- Mathematics (Mathématiques)
- Mechanics, energy and physical processes (MEP: Mécanique, énergétique et procédés)
- Subatomic physics and astrophysics (P2I: Physique des deux infinis)
- Wave and matter physics (PHOM: Physique des ondes et de la matière)
- Planetary science and cosmology (SPU: Sciences de la planète et de l'Univers)
- Life sciences (SDV: Sciences de la Vie)
- Human and social sciences (SHS: Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société)
- Information and communication sciences and technologies (STIC: Sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication).
University rankings
[edit]University rankings | |
---|---|
Global – Overall | |
ARWU World[36] | 15[i] (2023) |
CWUR World[37] | 32 (2023) |
CWTS World[38] | 123 (2023) |
QS World[39] | 71[i] (2024) |
THE World[40] | 58[i] (2024) |
USNWR Global[41] | 60 (2023) |
National – Overall | |
ARWU National[36] | 1[i] (2023) |
CWTS National[38] | 3 (2023) |
CWUR National[37] | 2 (2023) |
QS National[39] | 4[i] (2024) |
THE National[40] | 2[i] (2024) |
USNWR National[41] | 3 (2023) |
The university is remarkably acclaimed for Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, which are rank 1st national in many reputable global rankings such as QS World University Rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Academic Ranking of World Universities, U.S. News & World Report, ... and many domestic magazines.
It is also connected with two grande écoles: École polytechnique and CentraleSupélec, which are known as the top 2 engineering schools in France.
In June 2020, Paris-Saclay University ranked 14th in Shanghai Ranking's top 1000 universities in the world, and first worldwide for Mathematics by Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and 9th worldwide for Physics (1st in Europe).[42]
Nobel and Fields laureates
[edit]Paris-Saclay University formally replaced several pre-existing Parisian universities, grande écoles and research institutes. These continue to exist as departments within the broader structure of Paris-Saclay. The list below therefore includes those pre- and post-2019 laureates whose institutions were later subsumed by the university.
Nobel laureates
[edit]- 2022: Alain Aspect – BA, PhD and Professor, ENS Paris-Saclay, IOGS, Paris-Sud University Nobel in Physics
- 2007: Albert Fert – Professor, Paris-Sud University (LPS, CNRS/Thales) – Nobel in Physics
- 1991: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes – Professor, CEA, Paris-Sud University (LPS) – Nobel in Physics
- 1935: Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie – Founders of the Orsay Faculty of Sciences, commissioners of the CEA – Nobel in Chemistry
Fields medalists
[edit]- 2022: Hugo Duminil-Copin – Master and Professor, IHES
- 2010: Cédric Villani – IHES-University of Lyon Chair
- 2010: Ngô Bảo Châu – PhD and Professor, Paris-Sud University (IMO )
- 2006: Wendelin Werner – Professor – Paris-Sud University (IMO )
- 2002: Laurent Lafforgue – PhD and Professor – Paris-Sud University, IHES
- 1998: Maxim Kontsevich – Professor – IHES
- 1994: Jean-Christophe Yoccoz – PhD and Professor, Paris-Sud University
- 1994: Jean Bourgain – Professor, IHES
- 1982: Alain Connes – Professor, IHES
- 1978: Pierre Deligne – PhD and Professor, Paris-Sud University
- 1966: Alexandre Grothendieck – Professor, IHES
- 1958: René Thom – Professor, IHES
See also
[edit]- List of medieval universities
- List of public universities in France by academy
- Paris-Saclay Medical School
- Polytechnic Institute of Paris
References
[edit]- ^ "Establishment of Université Paris-Saclay «Décret n° 2014-1674 du 29 décembre 2014"". legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- ^ "Election of the president of Université Paris-Saclay". universite-paris-saclay.fr. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
- ^ a b "A World Class University". epps.fr. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
- ^ ghislaine.gris@universite-paris-saclay.fr (2019-12-09). "About Université Paris-Saclay". Université Paris-Saclay. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
- ^ a b Staley, Oliver (13 March 2014). "Nations Chasing Harvard Merge Colleges to Ascend Rankings". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
- ^ Mitchell, Nic (25 November 2015). "Big is beautiful for merging universities". BBC News.
- ^ "How France created a university to rival MIT". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
- ^ Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire. Lal.in2p3.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
- ^ Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay. ipnwww.in2p3.fr. Retrieved on 2019-11-03.
- ^ "French national synchrotron facility".
- ^ "Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale". ias.u-psud.fr (in French). Retrieved 2019-11-03.
- ^ Laboratoire Aimé Cotton – UPR 3321. Lac.u-psud.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
- ^ Laboratory of Solid State Physics, http://www.lps.u-psud.fr/?lang=en
- ^ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay. Th.u-psud.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
- ^ Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies. c2n.universite-paris-saclay.fr. Retrieved 2019-11-03
- ^ Université Paris-Sud / Zee Agency. "Paris-Sud University is part of Paris-Saclay's project – Université Paris-Sud". u-psud.fr.
- ^ a b "France plans elite top-10 mega-university". BBC News. 10 December 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- ^ "The IHÉS at Forty" (PDF). ams.org. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
- ^ "Hugo Duminil-Copin has been awarded the Fields Medal". ihes.fr. Retrieved 2022-07-11.
- ^ à 12h31, Par Lola BretonLe 8 juillet 2020 (2020-07-08). "Paris-Saclay à la première place en maths du classement de Shanghai, «une conséquence de notre politique". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-08-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Creation of University of Paris-Saclay". Universite Paris Sud/.
- ^ "Université Paris-Saclay to become one of the LERU members in 2020". 27 May 2019. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019.
- ^ Double diplôme : partir à la conquête du spatial avec l’IPSA, l’Université Paris-Saclay et CentraleSupélec !
- ^ a b "About Université Paris-Saclay". Université Paris-Saclay. 9 December 2019.
- ^ "Towards Université Paris-Saclay". www.campus-paris-saclay.fr. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ "Discours du président de la République, Emmanuel Macron, sur le campus de Saclay". elysee.fr (in French). 25 October 2017. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
- ^ "Institut Polytechnique de Paris officially established". www.telecom-paris.fr. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
- ^ a b Foundation of the oldest constituent part of the school
- ^ "Paris-Saclay Undergraduate University School".
- ^ "Université Paris-Saclay : Ouverture en septembre du premier cycle universitaire". Les Echos (in French). 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
- ^ "Master's programmes taught in English". Université Paris-Saclay. 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "Pascal Institute". 28 November 2019.
- ^ "Foundation of Paris-Saclay University" (PDF). Universite Paris Sud/.
- ^ "Masters Programs at Paris-Saclay". Universite-paris-saclay.fr/.
- ^ "Various Labs at Paris-Saclay". Universite-paris-saclay.fr/.
- ^ a b "Paris-Saclay University – ARWU World University Rankings". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
- ^ a b "Center for World University Rankings 2023".
- ^ a b "CWTS Leiden Ranking 2023".
- ^ a b "Université Paris-Saclay". Top Universities. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
- ^ a b "Université Paris-Saclay". Times Higher Education (THE). 2023-07-06. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
- ^ a b "US News Education: Best Global Universities".
- ^ "L'Université Paris-Saclay, première en maths – Technos et Innovations". L'Usine nouvelle (in French). 2020-07-12.
External links
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