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Prešov

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Historic houses and St. Nicolaus Church
Torysa riverbank in Prešov

Prešov (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈpreʃow] ⓘ) is a city in Eastern Slovakia. It is a seat of the administrative Prešov Region (Slovak: Prešovský kraj) and Šariš. With a population of approximately 91,352, it is the third-largest city in the country. There are many tourist attractions in Prešov such as castles, pools and the old town.

Prešov was founded as Eperjes in Kingdom of Hungary, it was known in German as Eperies (between 1938 and 1945 also Preschau), Eperjes in Hungarian, Fragopolis in Latin, Preszów in Polish, Peryeshis in Romany, Пряшев (Pryashev) in Russian and Пряшів (Priashiv) in Rusyn and Ukrainian. Both eper and fragum; frago- in Hungarian and Latin mean strawberry, so "Eperjes" and "Fragopolis" can be translated as "strawberry city". Three strawberries are also depicted on the coat of arms of Prešov. However, the names for the city in Slavic languages has another etymology. Before the creation of Czechoslovakia and official usage of Slovak language, Hungarian, German and Yiddish were spoken in the city, because of the mix of cultures living in the prewar Eperjes.

People from Prešov are traditionally known as "koňare" which means "horse keepers". Public horse breeding stud was built in 1859 in Prešov on Sabinovská ulica, it was a stop for horses on their way to Budapest and gained popularity quickly, so citizens of Prešov were called horse keepers after this famous spot of Austria-Hungary. Horses are also depicted on the jerseys of Prešov's football team, 1. FC Tatran Prešov, which is the very first official football team in Slovakia, founded in 25 May 1898 as Eperjesi Torna és Vívó Egyesület (Hungarian).

Characteristics

The old town is a showcase of Baroque, Rococo and Gothic architecture. The historical center is lined with buildings built in these styles. In the suburbs, however, the Soviet influence is clearly evident through the massive concrete panel buildings (paneláky) of the housing estates (sídliska) and the Sekčov district. More Soviet-style architecture is seen in the government buildings near the city center.

Significant industries in the city include mechanical and electrical engineering companies and the clothing industry. Solivary, the only salt mining and processing company in Slovakia, also operates in the city. The city is a seat of a Greek Catholic metropolitan see and of the primate of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia.

Many concerts, operas, operettas and stage plays are performed at the new building of the Jonáš Záborský Theatre (Divadlo Jonáša Záborského), as well as at the older theatre premises.

The city and the region were contenders for European Capital of Culture 2013.[1] The nearby city of Košice was chosen.

History

Habitation in the area around Prešov dates as far back as the Paleolithic period. The oldest discovered tools and mammoth bones are 28,000 years old. Continuous settlement dates back to the 8th century.

The first record of a school dates from 1429. In 1572, salt mining began in Solivar (at that time a nearby town, now part of Prešov). Prešov's increased importance meant that in 1647 it became the seat of the (Šariš) county.

Antun Vrančić, a Croatian[2] prelate, writer, diplomat and Archbishop of Esztergom, died in Prešov in 1573.

In 1667 the important Evangelic Lutheran College of Eperjes was established by Lutherans in the town. In 1687 twenty-four prominent citizens and noblemen were executed for supporting the uprising of Imre Thököly.

At the beginning of the 18th century, the population was decimated by the Bubonic plague and fires and was reduced to a mere 2,000 inhabitants. By the second half of the century, however, the town had recovered; crafts and trade improved, and new factories were built. In 1752 the salt mine in Solivar was flooded. Since then salt has been extracted from salt brine through boiling.

In 1870 the first railway was built. This was a line connecting the town to Košice. At the end of the 19th century, the town introduced electricity, telephone, telegraph and a sewage systems. In 1887 fire destroyed a large part of the town. On 16 June 1919, the very brief Slovak Soviet Republic was declared here. In 1920, after the Treaty of Trianon, Eperjes became part of the newly created Czechoslovakia as Prešov. During World War II, the nearby town of Košice again became part of Hungary as a result of the First Vienna Award. As a result, many institutions moved from Košice to Prešov, thus increasing the town's importance. In 1944, a professional Slovak Theatre was established in Prešov. On 19 January 1945 Prešov was taken by Soviet troops of the 1st Guards Army.

After 1948, during the Communist era in Czechoslovakia, Prešov became an industrial center. Due to the World War II Prešov lost majority of its Jewish population, however population of the city increased rapidly from 28,000 in 1950 to 52,000 in 1970 and 89,000 in 1990.

Geography

The 49° degree latitude is marked by a monument.

Prešov lies at an altitude of 250 metres (820 ft) above sea level and covers an area of 70.4 square kilometres (27.2 sq mi).[3] It is located in the north-eastern Slovakia, at the northern reaches of the Košice Basin, at the confluence of the Torysa River with its tributary Sekčov. Mountain ranges nearby include Slanské vrchy (south-east), Šarišská vrchovina (south-west), Bachureň (west) and Čergov (north). The neighbouring city of Košice is 34 kilometres (21 mi) to the south. Prešov is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the Polish border, 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of the Hungarian border and is some 410 kilometres (255 mi) northeast of Bratislava (by road).

Climate

Prešov lies in the north temperate zone and has a continental climate with four distinct seasons. It is characterized by a significant variation between hot summers and cold, snowy winters.

Climate data for Prešov
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0
(32) 		3
(37) 		9
(48) 		15
(59) 		21
(69) 		24
(74) 		25
(78) 		25
(78) 		20
(69) 		14
(58) 		6
(44) 		1
(34) 		14
(57)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5
(23) 		−4
(25) 		0
(32) 		5
(40) 		9
(49) 		12
(54) 		14
(57) 		14
(57) 		10
(49) 		5
(41) 		0
(33) 		−4
(26) 		5
(41)
Average precipitation cm (inches) 1.59
(0.63) 		1.89
(0.74) 		1.90
(0.75) 		3.85
(1.52) 		4.48
(1.76) 		5.99
(2.36) 		6.76
(2.66) 		5.09
(2.00) 		3.57
(1.41) 		3.30
(1.30) 		2.91
(1.15) 		1.97
(0.78) 		43.3
(17.06)
Source: MSN Weather[4]

Historical Demographics

The Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas in Prešov
Neptune's fountain on the Hlavná ulica (Main Street) in Prešov

In 1910 Prešov had a population of 16,323, of which 7,976 were Hungarians, 6,494 Slovaks and 1,404 Germans. In addition there were 170 Roma, 47 Rusyns, 4 Croatians, 2 Serbs and 226 others.

Prešov had a population of 91,621 in 2005. According to the 2001 census, 93.7% of the inhabitants were Slovaks, 1.4% Romani, 1.2% Rusyns, 1.1% Ukrainians, 0.8% Czechs, and 0.2% Hungarians. The religious make-up was 66.8% Roman Catholics, 13.6% people with no religious affiliation, 8.9% Greek Catholics, 4.8% Lutherans and 1.68% Orthodox.[3]

Before World War II Prešov was a home for a large Jewish population of 4,300 and housed a major Jewish museum. During 1939 and 1940 the Jewish community absorbed a flow of Jewish refugees from Nazi-occupied Poland, and in 1941 additional deportees from Bratislava. In 1942 a series of deportations of Prešov's Jews to the Nazi death camps in Poland began. Plaques in the town hall and a memorial in the surviving synagogue record that 6,400 Jews were deported from the town under the Tiso government of the First Slovak Republic. Only 716 Jewish survivors were found in the city and its surrounding when it was liberated by the Soviet Red Army in January 1945.

Education

Institutions of tertiary education in the city are the University of Prešov with 12,549 students, including 867 doctoral students,[5] and the private International Business College ISM Slovakia in Prešov, with 455 students.[6] In addition, the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies of the Technical University of Košice is based in the city.

There are 15 public primary schools, six private primary schools and two religious primary schools.[7] Overall, they enroll 9,079 pupils.[7] The city's system of secondary education consists of 10 gymnasia with 3,675 students,[8] 4 specialized high schools with 5,251 students[9] and 11 vocational schools with 5,028 students.[10][11]

Sports

Main article: Sports in Prešov

Football

Main article: Football in Prešov

Prešov is home to one professional football team - 1. FC Tatran Prešov which is the oldest football team in Slovakia.

Ice hockey

The city's ice hockey club is HC Prešov Penguins. Home arena of Prešov is ICE Arena, which is situated close to handball arena and has capacity of 5500 fans.

Handball

The city's handball club is HT Tatran Prešov which is Slovakia's most popular and currently most successful club. Handball team of Prešov is taking part not only in Slovak league (where is dominating), but also in international SEHA league with best handball teams from region. Many handball players from this team are also members of Slovak national handball team.

Hiking trails

See also

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia

Twin towns — Sister cities

Prešov is twinned with:

References

Bibliography

  • Horváth, Tibor (1999). Szlovákia (in Hungarian) (1st ed.). Budapest: Cartographia. ISBN 963-353-180-2.

Notes

  1. ^ See Presov 2013 website
  2. ^ Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1984). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The Sixteenth Century. Vol. IV. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 921. ISBN 0-87169-162-0.
  3. ^ a b "Municipal Statistics". Statistical Office of the Slovak republic. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Monthly Averages for Nitra, Slovakia". MSN. Retrieved 22 January 2008.[dead link]
  5. ^ "Technická univerzita Košice" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "Vysoká škola medzinárodného podnikania ISM Slovakia" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
  7. ^ a b "Prehľad základných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
  8. ^ "Prehľad gymnázií v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
  9. ^ "Prehľad stredných odborných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
  10. ^ "Prehľad združených stredných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
  11. ^ "Prehľad stredných odborných učilíšť a učilíšť v školskom roku 2006/2007" (PDF) (in Slovak). Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  13. ^ "Miasta partnerskie i zaprzyjaźnione Nowego Sącza". Urząd Miasta Nowego Sącza (in Polish). Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  • Christmas congratulation from Presov
    Christmas congratulation from Presov
  • Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
    Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
  • Cathedral of St.Nicholas
    Cathedral of St.Nicholas
  • Historical building of the College
    Historical building of the College
  • Renaissance House Sigismund Rákóczi
    Renaissance House Sigismund Rákóczi
  • Late Gothic Caraffa prison
    Late Gothic Caraffa prison
  • Synagogue
    Synagogue
  • Blacksmith bastion
    Blacksmith bastion
  • Town hall
    Town hall
  • Orthodox Cathedral of St. Prince A. Nevsky
    Orthodox Cathedral of St. Prince A. Nevsky
  • Calvary
    Calvary
  • Immaculata
    Immaculata
  • Statue of St. Rochus
    Statue of St. Rochus
  • Main Street
    Main Street
  • Bishop's Palace Greek Catholic Church
    Bishop's Palace Greek Catholic Church
  • Slovak street
    Slovak street
  • Remnants of city walls
    Remnants of city walls
  • Franciscan Church of St. Joseph
    Franciscan Church of St. Joseph

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