Soyuz TM-20 - Wikipedia

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Soyuz TM-20
Spacecraft properties

Mission type	Mir crew transport
Operator	Rosaviakosmos
COSPAR ID	1994-063A
SATCAT no.	23288
Mission duration	169 days, 5 hours, 21 minutes, 35 seconds
Orbits completed	~2,760


Spacecraft	Soyuz 7K-STM No.69^[1]
Spacecraft type	Soyuz-TM
Manufacturer	RKK Energia
Launch mass	7,170 kilograms (15,810 lb)


Crew
Crew size	3
Members	Alexander Viktorenko Yelena Kondakova
Launching	Ulf Merbold
Landing	Valeri Polyakov
Callsign	Ви́тязь (Vityaz' - Knight)


Start of mission
Launch date	October 3, 1994, 22:42:30 (1994-10-03UTC22:42:30Z) UTC^[1]
Rocket	Soyuz-U2
Launch site	Baikonur 1/5


End of mission
Landing date	March 22, 1995, 04:04:05 (1995-03-22UTC04:04:06Z) UTC
Landing site	50°31′N 67°21′E / 50.52°N 67.35°E / 50.52; 67.35


Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	392 kilometres (244 mi)
Apogee altitude	394 kilometres (245 mi)
Inclination	51.6 degrees
Period	92.42 minutes
Epoch	3 November 1994^[2]


Docking with Mir
Docking port	Core forward
Docking date	6 October 1994, 00:28:15 UTC
Undocking date	22 March 1995, 00:43:08 UTC

Soyuz programme (Manned missions) ← Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-21 →

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.

Soyuz TM-20 was the twentieth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.

Crew


Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Alexander Viktorenko Fourth spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Yelena Kondakova First spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Ulf Merbold Third and last spaceflight	Valeri Polyakov Second and last spaceflight

Mission highlights

20th expedition to Mir.

Carried 10 kg of equipment for use by Merbold in ESA’s month-long Euromir 94 experiment program. During automatic approach to Mir’s front port, the spacecraft yawed unexpectedly. Viktorenko completed a manual docking without additional incident.

References

^ ^a ^b McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 9 November 2013.

External links

Spaceflight Mission Report

Soyuz programme

Main topics

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970)	Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1† (uncrewed) Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 (uncrewed) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10
Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970)	Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382
Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2†
Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	Soyuz 10† 11†
Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981)	Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40
Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo–Soyuz) 22
Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976)	Kosmos 670 772† 869†
Soyuz-T (1978–1986)	Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15
Soyuz-TM (1986–2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34
Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22
Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M
Soyuz MS (2016–present)	Soyuz MS-01 MS-02 MS-03 MS-04 MS-05 MS-06 MS-07 MS-08 MS-09 MS-10† MS-11 MS-12 MS-13 MS-14 (uncrewed test flight) MS-15 MS-16 MS-17 MS-18 MS-19 MS-20 MS-21 MS-22 (uncrewed landing) MS-23 (uncrewed launch) MS-24

Current missions

MS-25

Future missions

2024
- MS-26

Uncrewed missions are designated as Kosmos instead of Soyuz; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
The † sign designates failed missions. Italics designates cancelled missions.

v t e Human spaceflights to Mir
1986–1990	Soyuz T-15 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz TM-4 Soyuz TM-5 Soyuz TM-6 Soyuz TM-7 Soyuz TM-8 Soyuz TM-9 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-11
1991–1995	Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-14 Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-16 Soyuz TM-17 Soyuz TM-18 Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-20 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 Soyuz TM-22 STS-74
1996–2000	Soyuz TM-23 STS-76 Soyuz TM-24 STS-79 STS-81 Soyuz TM-25 STS-84 Soyuz TM-26 STS-86 STS-89 Soyuz TM-27 STS-91 Soyuz TM-28 Soyuz TM-29 Soyuz TM-30

v t e Shuttle–Mir program
Spacecraft	Space Shuttle Mir Soyuz
Missions	STS-60 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 STS-74 STS-76 STS-79 STS-81 STS-84 STS-86 STS-89 STS-91
Increments	Thagard Lucid Blaha Linenger Foale Wolf Thomas

v t e ← 1993 Orbital launches in 1994 1995 →
January	Soyuz TM-18 Gals 1 Eutelsat II F5, Türksat 1A Meteor-3 #7, Tubsat-B Clementine, ISA Progress M-21
February	STS-60 (WSF, ODERACS A, ODERACS B, ODERACS C, ODERACS D, ODERACS E, ODERACS F, BremSat) Myojo, Ryusei Globus #13L USA-99 Shijian 4, Kua Fu 1 Kosmos 2268, Kosmos 2269, Kosmos 2270, Kosmos 2271, Kosmos 2272, Kosmos 2273 Gran' #40L Galaxy 1RR
March	Koronas-I STS-62 USA-100, SEDS-2 USA-101, USA-102 Kosmos 2274 Progress M-22
April	STS-59 Kosmos 2275, Kosmos 2276, Kosmos 2277 GOES 8 Kosmos 2278 Kosmos 2279 Kosmos 2280
May	USA-103 SROSS-C2 MSTI-2 STEP-2 Rimsat 2 Progress M-23 Tselina-D
June	Kosmos 2281 Foton #9 Intelsat 702, STRV 1A, STRV 1B USA-104 STEP-1
July	Soyuz TM-19 FSW-16 Kosmos 2282 STS-65 PAS-2, Yuri 3n Nadezhda #104 Kosmos 2283 Apstar 1 Kosmos 2284
August	Kosmos 2285 APEX DirecTV-2 Kosmos 2286 Brasilsat B1, Türksat 1B Kosmos 2287, Kosmos 2288, Kosmos 2289 Molniya 3-60 Progress M-24 Kosmos 2290 USA-105 Optus B3 Kiku 6 USA-106
September	Telstar 402 STS-64 (SPARTAN-201) Kosmos 2291 Kosmos 2292 STS-68
October	Soyuz TM-20 Intelsat 703 Solidarad 2 Thaicom 2 Okean-O1 #7 Ekspress-2 IRS-P2 Elektro #1L
November	Astra 1D Wind Kosmos 2293 STS-66 (CRISTA-SPAS) Resurs-O1 #3L Progress M-25 Kosmos 2294, Kosmos 2295, Kosmos 2296 Kosmos 2297 Geo-IK #24 Orion 1 Chinasat-6
December	PAS-3 Molniya 1-88 Altair #13L Kosmos 2298 USA-107 Radio-ROSTO Kosmos 2299, Kosmos 2300, Kosmos 2301, Kosmos 2302, Kosmos 2303, Kosmos 2304 Gran' #43L Kosmos 2305 NOAA-14
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).