Griseofulvin

Griseofulvin
Clinical data
Pregnancy; category	B3 (Au), C (U.S.);
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	D01AA08 (WHO) D01BA01 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	POM (UK), ℞-only (U.S.);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Highly variable (25 to 70%)
Metabolism	Hepatic demethylation and glucuronidation
Elimination half-life	9-21 hours
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (2S,6'R)- 7-chloro- 2',4,6-trimethoxy- 6'-methyl- 3H,4'H-spiro [1-benzofuran-2,1'-cyclohex[2]ene]- 3,4'-dione;
CAS Number	126-07-8;
PubChem CID	441140;
DrugBank	APRD01004;
ChemSpider	389934;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8020674 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.335
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C17H17ClO6
Molar mass	352.766 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C2c3c(O[C@]12C(=CC(=O)C[C@H]1C)OC)c(Cl)c(OC)cc3OC;

Griseofulvin (also known as Grisovin, a proprietary name of Glaxo Laboratories) is an antifungal drug. It is used both in animals and in humans, to treat fungal infections of the skin (commonly known as ringworm) and nails. It is derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum.

It is administered orally.

Mechanism

The drug binds to tubulin, interfering with microtubule function, thus inhibiting mitosis.

It binds to keratin in keratin precursor cells and makes them resistant to fungal infections. It is only when hair or skin is replaced by the keratin-griseofulvin complex that the drug reaches its site of action. Griseofulvin will then enter the dermatophyte through energy dependent transport processes and bind to fungal microtubules. This alters the processing for mitosis and also underlying information for deposition of fungal cell walls. i love lavi

Treatment of fungal infections

Griseofulvin is used to treat the following fungal infections:
Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp)
Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body)
Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
Tinea cruris (ringworm of the thigh)
Tinea barbae (barber's itch)

Potential for cancer treatment

When cancer cells divide (undergo mitosis), they use an unusual mechanism to ensure the correct genetic material is present within each of the resulting tumor cells. Laboratory experiments at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) show that griseofulvin causes cancer cells to fail to divide the chromosomes correctly, which eventually leads to tumor cell death. Griseofulvin does not interfere with cell division in healthy cells. The observed effect is not strong, but is significant. Griseofulvin may be combined with other treatments to improve its effectiveness and may lead to the development of more effective future drug treatments with very low toxic side effects. To see the official press release, just use this link -[1]^{[citation needed]}

Side effects

Known side effects of griseofulvin include:

Hives
Skin rashes
Confusion
Dizziness
Diarrhea
Fatigue
Headache
Impairment of performance of routine activities
Inability to fall or stay asleep
Nausea
Oral thrush (yeast infection of the mouth)
Upper abdominal pain
Vomiting
Swelling
Itching
Tingling in the hands or feet
Loss of taste sensation
Sensitivity to prolonged sun exposure
Sensitivity to alcohol, with a disulfiram-like reaction
Possibly a teratogen inducing mutations
Can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives as it a cytochrome p450 enzyme inducer
Can cause conjoined twins

Common brand names

Grifulvin V
Gris-PEG
S-Fulvin

Crivicin

External links

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