Haplogroup Z: Difference between revisions

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Rescuing orphaned refs ("Chandrasekar2009" from Haplogroup M (mtDNA); "Peng2017" from Haplogroup M30 (mtDNA); "Sukernik2012" from Haplogroup M (mtDNA); "Duggan2013" from Haplogroup M (mtDNA); "Ingman2007" from Genetic studies on Sami)
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***Z-T152C!
***Z-T152C!
****Z1 - Tofalar<ref name = "Starikovskaya2005" />
****Z1 - Tofalar<ref name = "Starikovskaya2005" />
*****Z1a - Koryak, Buryat, Kalmyk, Khakas, Shor, Tubalar,<ref name = "Sukernik2012" /> Altai Kizhi, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Turk, Arab (Uzbekistan)
*****Z1a - Koryak, Buryat, Kalmyk, Khakas, Shor, Tubalar,<ref name = "Sukernik2012">Rem I. Sukernik, Natalia V. Volodko, Ilya O. Mazunin, Nikolai P. Eltsov, Stanislav V. Dryomov, and Elena B. Starikovskaya, "Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in the Tubalar, Even, and Ulchi: Contribution to Prehistory of Native Siberians and Their Affinities to Native Americans." ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 148:123–138 (2012). DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22050</ref> Altai Kizhi, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Turk, Arab (Uzbekistan)
******Z1a1 - Kazakh, Uyghur, Buryat
******Z1a1 - Kazakh, Uyghur, Buryat
*******Z1a1a - Ket (lower Yenisey River basin),<ref name = "Sukernik2012" /> Khakas,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Nogai,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Udmurt,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Komi,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Russian ([[Chelyabinsk Oblast]],<ref name = "Ingman2007" /><ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> [[Krasnodar Krai]],<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> [[Novgorod Oblast]]<ref name = "Malyarchuk2017">Malyarchuk,B., Litvinov,A., Derenko,M., Skonieczna,K., Grzybowski,T., Grosheva,A., Shneider,Y., Rychkov,S. and Zhukova,O., "Mitogenomic diversity in Russians and Poles." ''Forensic Sci Int Genet'' 30, 51-56 (2017).</ref>), Abazin,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Cherkessian,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Finn,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Sami (Vasterbotten, Norrbotten), Swede,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Norway, Poland, Ukrainian<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />
*******Z1a1a - Ket (lower Yenisey River basin),<ref name = "Sukernik2012" /> Khakas,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Nogai,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Udmurt,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Komi,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Russian ([[Chelyabinsk Oblast]],<ref name="Ingman2007">{{cite journal |author1=Max Ingman |author2=Ulf Gyllensten |year=2007|title= A recent genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=15 |pages= 115–120 |url=http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n1/pdf/5201712a.pdf |issue=1|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201712 |pmid=16985502}}</ref><ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> [[Krasnodar Krai]],<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> [[Novgorod Oblast]]<ref name = "Malyarchuk2017">Malyarchuk,B., Litvinov,A., Derenko,M., Skonieczna,K., Grzybowski,T., Grosheva,A., Shneider,Y., Rychkov,S. and Zhukova,O., "Mitogenomic diversity in Russians and Poles." ''Forensic Sci Int Genet'' 30, 51-56 (2017).</ref>), Abazin,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Cherkessian,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Finn,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Sami (Vasterbotten, Norrbotten), Swede,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Norway, Poland, Ukrainian<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />
*******Z1a1b - Even ([[Batagay-Alyta|Sakkyryyr]],<ref name = "Duggan2013" /> Eveno-Bytantaysky National district or Momsky district of Sakha Republic<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />), Evenk (Sakha Republic,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Iengra River basin,<ref name = "Duggan2013" /> Nyukzha River basin<ref name = "Duggan2013" />), Dolgan,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Yukaghir (lower Indigirka River basin<ref name = "Sukernik2012" />), Nganasan (Taimyr Peninsula),<ref name = "Sukernik2012" /> Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast)<ref name = "Derenko2017" />
*******Z1a1b - Even ([[Batagay-Alyta|Sakkyryyr]],<ref name = "Duggan2013">Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, ''et al.'' (2013), "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." ''PLoS ONE'' 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570</ref> Eveno-Bytantaysky National district or Momsky district of Sakha Republic<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />), Evenk (Sakha Republic,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Iengra River basin,<ref name = "Duggan2013" /> Nyukzha River basin<ref name = "Duggan2013" />), Dolgan,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Yukaghir (lower Indigirka River basin<ref name = "Sukernik2012" />), Nganasan (Taimyr Peninsula),<ref name = "Sukernik2012" /> Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast)<ref name = "Derenko2017" />
******Z1a2 - Ulchi (lower Amur River basin)<ref name = "Sukernik2012" />
******Z1a2 - Ulchi (lower Amur River basin)<ref name = "Sukernik2012" />
*******Z1a2a - Itelmen,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Koryak,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Yukaghir (upper Anadyr River basin),<ref name = "Sukernik2012" /> Even (Kamchatka,<ref name = "Duggan2013" /> [[Berezovka, Srednekolymsky District, Sakha Republic|Berezovka]]<ref name = "Duggan2013" />), Evenk (village of Nelkan by the Maya River in the Okhotsk Region)<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />
*******Z1a2a - Itelmen,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Koryak,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Yukaghir (upper Anadyr River basin),<ref name = "Sukernik2012" /> Even (Kamchatka,<ref name = "Duggan2013" /> [[Berezovka, Srednekolymsky District, Sakha Republic|Berezovka]]<ref name = "Duggan2013" />), Evenk (village of Nelkan by the Maya River in the Okhotsk Region)<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />
Line 35: Line 35:
****Z3 - Japan (Tokyo), South Korea, China, [[She people]], Singapore, Thailand/Laos, Vietnam, Uyghur, [[Hazara people|Hazara]] (Pakistan), USA
****Z3 - Japan (Tokyo), South Korea, China, [[She people]], Singapore, Thailand/Laos, Vietnam, Uyghur, [[Hazara people|Hazara]] (Pakistan), USA
*****Z3a - [[Sibe people|Xibo]], [[Deng people|Deng]]
*****Z3a - [[Sibe people|Xibo]], [[Deng people|Deng]]
******Z3a1 - Yakut,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Dirang Monpa,<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" /> Thailand/Laos
******Z3a1 - Yakut,<ref name = "Fedorova2013" /> Dirang Monpa,<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009">Chandrasekar A, Kumar S, Sreenath J, Sarkar BN, Urade BP, ''et al.'' (2009), "Updating Phylogeny of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup M in India: Dispersal of Modern Human in South Asian Corridor. ''PLoS ONE'' 4(10): e7447. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007447</ref> Thailand/Laos
*******Z3a1a - China, Lachungpa,<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" /> Lepcha,<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" /> [[Galo tribe|Gallong]],<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" /> Thailand/Laos, Vietnam ([[Hani people|Hà Nhì]])
*******Z3a1a - China, Lachungpa,<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" /> Lepcha,<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" /> [[Galo tribe|Gallong]],<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" /> Thailand/Laos, Vietnam ([[Hani people|Hà Nhì]])
******Z3a2 - Lachungpa<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" />
******Z3a2 - Lachungpa<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" />
*****Z3b - Deng,<ref name = "Kang2016" /> Gallong<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" />
*****Z3b - Deng,<ref name = "Kang2016" /> Gallong<ref name = "Chandrasekar2009" />
*****Z-G709A - Yakut<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />
*****Z-G709A - Yakut<ref name = "Fedorova2013" />
******Z3c - Iran, Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan),<ref name = "Peng2017" /> Japan (Tokyo)
******Z3c - Iran, Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan),<ref name = "Peng2017">Min-Sheng Peng, Weifang Xu, Jiao-Jiao Song, ''et al.'' (2017), "Mitochondrial genomes uncover the maternal history of the Pamir populations." ''European Journal of Human Genetics'' https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-017-0028-8</ref> Japan (Tokyo)
******Z3d - China, Taiwan (Minnan), Mongol (Inner Mongolia)
******Z3d - China, Taiwan (Minnan), Mongol (Inner Mongolia)
****Z4 - China (Suzhou, ''etc.''), Thailand/Laos, Philippines, Uzbekistan
****Z4 - China (Suzhou, ''etc.''), Thailand/Laos, Philippines, Uzbekistan

Revision as of 06:30, 16 December 2018

Haplogroup Z
Possible place of originCentral Asia
AncestorCZ
Defining mutations152 6752 9090 15784 16185 16260[1]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroup Z in Eurasia

Origin

Haplogroup Z is believed to have arisen in Central Asia, and is a descendant of haplogroup CZ.

Distribution

The greatest clade diversity of haplogroup Z is found in East Asia and Central Asia. However, its greatest frequency appears in some peoples of Russia, such as Evens from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total) and from Berezovka, Srednekolymsky District, Sakha Republic (3/15 Z1a3, 1/15 Z1a2a, 4/15 = 26.7% Z total), and among the Saami people of northern Scandinavia. With the exception of a few Yakut who belong to the Z3 clade, nearly all members of haplogroup Z in North Asia and Europe belong to subclades of Z1.

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup Z subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research.

  • CZ
    • Z - Thailand/Laos
      • Z-T152C!
        • Z1 - Tofalar[2]
          • Z1a - Koryak, Buryat, Kalmyk, Khakas, Shor, Tubalar,[3] Altai Kizhi, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Turk, Arab (Uzbekistan)
            • Z1a1 - Kazakh, Uyghur, Buryat
            • Z1a2 - Ulchi (lower Amur River basin)[3]
              • Z1a2a - Itelmen,[4] Koryak,[4] Yukaghir (upper Anadyr River basin),[3] Even (Kamchatka,[7] Berezovka[7]), Evenk (village of Nelkan by the Maya River in the Okhotsk Region)[4]
            • Z1a3 - Even (Kamchatka,[7] Berezovka,[7] Tompo District,[7] Eveno-Bytantaysky National district or Momsky district of Sakha Republic[4]), Yukaghir[7] (lower Kolyma River basin,[3] upper Anadyr River basin[3]), Evenk (Nyukzha River basin[7]), Yakut[7]
        • Z2 - Japan (Tokyo, Aichi, etc.)
        • Z3 - Japan (Tokyo), South Korea, China, She people, Singapore, Thailand/Laos, Vietnam, Uyghur, Hazara (Pakistan), USA
          • Z3a - Xibo, Deng
          • Z3b - Deng,[10] Gallong[9]
          • Z-G709A - Yakut[4]
            • Z3c - Iran, Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan),[11] Japan (Tokyo)
            • Z3d - China, Taiwan (Minnan), Mongol (Inner Mongolia)
        • Z4 - China (Suzhou, etc.), Thailand/Laos, Philippines, Uzbekistan
          • Z4a - China, Uyghur, Daur, Japan (Tokyo)
            • Z4a1 - China (Han from Wuhan)
              • Z4a1a - China (Han from Hunan and Yunnan), Vietnam
                • Z4a1a1 - Japan (Tokyo, etc.), South Korea
        • Z7 - Dirang Monpa,[9] Tibet (Tingri,[10] Shannan[12])
      • Z5 - Japan (Aichi)

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup Z (mtDNA).

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6  
L1 L2   L3     L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

References

  1. ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Starikovskaya2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Rem I. Sukernik, Natalia V. Volodko, Ilya O. Mazunin, Nikolai P. Eltsov, Stanislav V. Dryomov, and Elena B. Starikovskaya, "Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in the Tubalar, Even, and Ulchi: Contribution to Prehistory of Native Siberians and Their Affinities to Native Americans." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 148:123–138 (2012). DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22050
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Cite error: The named reference Fedorova2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Max Ingman; Ulf Gyllensten (2007). "A recent genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (1): 115–120. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201712. PMID 16985502.
  6. ^ Malyarchuk,B., Litvinov,A., Derenko,M., Skonieczna,K., Grzybowski,T., Grosheva,A., Shneider,Y., Rychkov,S. and Zhukova,O., "Mitogenomic diversity in Russians and Poles." Forensic Sci Int Genet 30, 51-56 (2017).
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013), "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Derenko2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Chandrasekar A, Kumar S, Sreenath J, Sarkar BN, Urade BP, et al. (2009), "Updating Phylogeny of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup M in India: Dispersal of Modern Human in South Asian Corridor. PLoS ONE 4(10): e7447. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007447
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Kang2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Min-Sheng Peng, Weifang Xu, Jiao-Jiao Song, et al. (2017), "Mitochondrial genomes uncover the maternal history of the Pamir populations." European Journal of Human Genetics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-017-0028-8
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ji2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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