Diauehi
| Kingdom of Diaokhi/Daieni დიაოხის სამეფო (Georgian) |
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 Map of the Georgian kingdom of Diaokhi (XII BC)
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| Capital | Zua (XII-IX BC) Ultu (IX-VIII BC) |
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| Languages | Colchian | ||||
| Religion | Fire worshipper | ||||
| Government | Feudal Monarchy | ||||
| King | |||||
| - | XII-XI BC | Sien | |||
| History | |||||
| - | Established | XII BC | |||
| - | Disestablished | VIII BC | |||
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The Kingdom of Diauehi (Georgian: დიაოხის სამეფო) (Diauhi or Diaokhi; "the Land of the Sons of Diau") (Georgian: დიაოხი) was an ancient monarchy emerged as a tribal union of early-Georgians[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] in 12th century BC, in the post-Hittite period. It was located in northeastern Asia Minor, mentioned in the Urartian inscriptions.[11] It is usually (though not always) identified with Daiaeni of the Yonjalu inscription of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser I’s third year (1118 BC). Although the exact geographic extent of Diauehi is still unclear, many scholars place it in the Pasinler Plain in today’s northeastern Turkey, while others locate it in the Turkish-Georgian marshlands as it follows the Kura River. Most probably, the core of the Diauehi lands may have extended from the headwaters of the Euphrates into the river valleys of Çoruh to Oltu. The Urartian sources speak of Diauehi’s three key cities – Zua, Utu and Sasilu; Zua is frequently identified with Zivin Kale and Ultu is probably modern Oltu, while Sasilu is sometimes linked to the early medieval Georgian toponym Sasire, near Tortomi (present-day Tortum, Turkey).[12]
This federation was powerful enough to counter the Assyrian forays, although in 1112 BC its king Sien was defeated and taken prisoner by Tiglath-Pileser I. In 845 BC, Shalmaneser III finally subdued Diauehi and downgraded its king Asia to a client ruler. In the early 8th century, Diauehi became the target of the newly emerged regional power of Urartu. Both Menuas (810-785 BC) and Argishtis I (785-763 BC) campaigned against the Diauehi king Utupurshi, annexing his southernmost possessions and forcing him to pay tribute, which included copper, silver and gold. Extremely declined in these wars, Diauehi was finally destroyed by the blow from Colchians (another Georgian tribes) in the west. It seems to have happened in the 760s BC, when the last recorded account about Diauehi dates from.
Kings of Diauehi
- Sien of Diauehi (1120 BC-1100 BC)
- Asia of Diauehi (850 BC–825 BC)
- Utupursi of Diauehi (810 BC-770 BC)
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Phoenix: The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and Caucasus by Charles Burney, David Marshall Lang, Phoenix Press; New Ed edition (December 31, 2001)
- ^ Prince Mikasa no Miya Takahito: Essays on Ancient Anatolia in the Second Millennium B.C. p141
- ^ Frederic P. Miller История Грузии Год:2010 ISBN 978-6-1317-4942-1
- ^ C. Burney, Die Bergvölker Vorderasiens, Essen 1975, 274
- ^ Diaokhi
- ^ Georgia. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service
- ^ A. G. Sagona. Archaeology at the North-East Anatolian Frontier, p. 30.
- ^ G. L. Kavtaradze. An Attempt to Interpret Some Anatolian and Caucasian Ethnonyms of the Classical Sources, p. 80f.
- ^ R. G. Suny. The Making of the Georgian Nation, p. 6.
- ^ История Грузии с древнейших времен до наших дней
- ^ A. G. Sagona. Archaeology at the North-East Anatolian Frontier, p. 30.
- ^ G. L. Kavtaradze. An Attempt to Interpret Some Anatolian and Caucasian Ethnonyms of the Classical Sources, p. 80f.
Further reading [edit]
- Ronald Grigor Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition (December 1994), Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-20915-3, page 45
- Antonio Sagona, Claudia Sagona, Archaeology At The North-east Anatolian Frontier, I: An Historical Geography And A Field Survey of the Bayburt Province (Ancient Near Eastern Studies) (Hardcover), Peeters (January 30, 2005), ISBN 90-429-1390-8
- Georgia. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service
- Kavtaradze, G. L., An Attempt to Interpret Some Anatolian and Caucasian Ethnonyms of the Classical Sources, Sprache und Kultur, # 3 (Staatliche Ilia Tschawtschawadse Universitaet Tbilisi für Sprache und Kultur Institut zur Erforschung des westlichen Denkens). Tbilisi, 2002. [1]
- Melikishvili, G. A., Diauehi. The Bulletin of Ancient History, vol. 4, 1950. (Publication in Russian)
- (Russian) С. Д. Гоготидзе, Локализация «стран» Даиаэн-Диаоха.
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