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Giovanni Agnelli

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For his grandson, see Gianni Agnelli.
Giovanni Agnelli
Born(1866-08-13)13 August 1866
Villar Perosa, Italy
Died16 December 1945(1945-12-16) (aged 79)
Turin, Italy
NationalityItalian
OccupationBusinessman
Known forFounder of Fiat
SpouseClara Boselli
ChildrenEdoardo Agnelli
Aniceta Caterina (1889-1928)
Parent(s)Edoardo Agnelli
Aniceta Frisetti
RelativesGianni Agnelli (grandson)
Susanna Agnelli (granddaughter)
Giorgio Agnelli (grandson)
Umberto Agnelli (grandson)
Andrea Agnelli (great-grandson)
John Elkann (great-great-grandson)

Giovanni Agnelli (13 August 1866 – 16 December 1945) was an Italian businessman, who founded Fiat car manufacturing in 1899.

Early life

The son of Edoardo Agnelli and Aniceta Frisetti, he was born in 1866 in Villar Perosa, a small town near Pinerolo, Piedmont, still the main home and burial place of the Agnelli family. His father, mayor of Villar Perosa, died at age 40, when Giovanni was just five. He studied at the Collegio San Giuseppe in Turin; then embarked on a military career until 1893 when he returned to Villar Perosa, where he followed in his father's footsteps and became mayor in 1895 which he held until his death. Agnelli heard about the invention of the (then) new horseless carriage and immediately saw an opportunity for using his engineering and entrepreneurial skills. In 1898, he met Count Emanuele Cacherano di Bricherasio, who was looking for investors for his horseless carriage project; Agnelli sensed the opportunity.

Business career

On 11 July 1899, Agnelli was part of the group of founding members of "Fiat" (an acronym for "Fabbrica Italiana di Automobili Torino"), which became Fiat; he paid $400 for his share in 1899, worth around $11,500 in today's prices.[citation needed] One year later, he was the managing director of the new company and became the chairman in 1920. The first Fiat plant opened in 1900 with 35 staff making 24 cars. The company was known from the beginning for the talent and creativity of its engineering staff. By 1903, Fiat made a small profit and produced 135 cars growing to 1,149 cars by 1906. The company then went public selling shares via the Milan stock exchange. Agnelli began purchasing all the shares he could to add to his holdings. During this time, he overcame scandals and labour problems.

Agnelli with King Victor Emmanuel III in a limousine at the Fiat Lingotto factory, Turin 1923

During World War I, Agnelli became involved with the financier Riccardo Gualino in transport of US aid to Europe in 1917. They invested in two enterprises in the United States; the Marine & Commerce Corporation of America exported coal and the International Shipbuilding Company made motorized vessels. These companies failed when the war ended, since they were structured to meet wartime demand, but had returned large profits to their owners.[1]

Agnelli and Gualino made an attempt early in 1918 to take over Credito Italiano. They did not succeed, but joined the board of directors of the bank.[2] Agnelli was vice-president of Gualino's SNIA from 1917 to 1926. In the early 1920s, SNIA began to manufacture artificial textile fibers.

Mussolini giving a speech in Turin with Giovanni Agnelli, 1923

In 1920, Gualino and Agnelli participated in recapitalization of the private bank Jean de Fernex and bought a third of the shares of Alfredo Frassati, publisher of La Stampa.[3] Gualino and Agnelli were also involved in a proposal to link Milan, Genoa and Turin with a high-speed railway and in various projects in cement and automobiles. Their partnership broke up around 1926 due to Gualino's investments in the French automobile industry.[1]

After World War I, Fiat jumped from 30th to third place among Italian industrial companies. The first Ford factory was opened four years after Fiat was founded. In 1906, the first Fiat car dealer in the U.S. was established at a location in Manhattan on Broadway.[4] Agnelli was an acquaintance of Benito Mussolini from 1914 and was appointed by the dictator as a Senator in 1923, as a representative of the National Fascist Party,[5] and filled several other prestigious positions between the two wars. He remained focused and propelled Fiat to the international arena.[6]

Later life

Agnelli with his grandson Gianni (left) in 1940

He was still active with Fiat at the start of the Second World War. After the war ended he was accused together with Vittorio Valletta and Giancarlo Camerana, by a commission from the National Liberation Committee of collaboration with the Fascist regime and was temporarily deprived of ownership of his companies.[7] Agnelli was later acquitted[8] and died soon after on 16 December 1945 at age 79.

Honours

  • Knight of the Order of Labour (30 May 1907)
  • Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (6 February 1921)
  • Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy (15 December 1932; Grand Officer: 1 February 1920; Knight: 8 December 1898)
  • Inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2002.[9]
  • Inducted into the European Automotive Hall of Fame in 2001.[10]

See also

Bibliography

  • Chiapparino, Francesco (2003). "GUALINO, Riccardo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 60. Trecanni. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
  • "Riccardo Gualino". Storia e Cultura dell'Industria. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
  • Zamagni, Vera (1993-10-28). The Economic History of Italy 1860-1990. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-159022-1. Retrieved 2015-07-26.
  • Marco Ferrante, Casa Agnelli, Mondadori, 2007, ISBN 978-88-04-56673-1
  • Alan Friedman, Agnelli and the network of italian power, Mandarin Paperback (Octopus Publishing Gr.), London, 1988, ISBN 0-7493-0093-0
  • Marina Ripa di Meana e Gabriella Mecucci, Virginia Agnelli, Argelato (BO), Minerva Edizioni, 2010, ISBN 978-88-7381-307-1
  • Gustavo Mola di Nomaglio, Gli Agnelli. Storia e genealogia di una grande famiglia piemontese dal XVI secolo al 1866, Torino, Centro Studi Piemontesi, 1998, ISBN 88-8262-099-9

References

  1. ^ a b Chiapparino 2003.
  2. ^ Zamagni 1993, p. 233.
  3. ^ Riccardo Gualino – Storia e Cultura.
  4. ^ Toninelli, Pier Angelo (June 2009). "Between Agnelli and Mussolini: Ford's Unsuccessful Attempt to Penetrate the Italian Automobile Market in the Interwar Period". Enterprise & Society. 10 (2): 335–375. doi:10.1093/es/khp005. ISSN 1467-2227.
  5. ^ Sarti, Roland (1968). "Fascism and the Industrial Leadership in Italy before the March on Rome". Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 21 (3): 400–417. doi:10.2307/2520460. ISSN 0019-7939.
  6. ^ Berend, Ivan T. (2016-09-22). An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107136427.
  7. ^ Ori, Angiolo Silvio (1996). Storia di una dinastia : gli Agnelli e la Fiat : cronache non autorizzate dei cento anni della più grande industria italiana. Roma: Editori riuniti. ISBN 88-359-4059-1. OCLC 35697068.
  8. ^ "Scheda Protagonista - Imprese". www.imprese.san.beniculturali.it. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  9. ^ "Giovanni Agnelli". Hall of Fame Inductees. Automotive Hall of Fame. 2002. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  10. ^ Johnson, Richard. "Thirteen wise men who shaped the course of European auto history". Automotive News. European Automotive Hall of Fame. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
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