Irula is a Dravidian language spoken by the Irulas who inhabit the area of the Nilgiri mountains, in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, India.[2]
[edit] Phonology
The tables present the vowel [3] and consonant[4] phonemes of Irula.
[edit] Vowels
All ten vowels are centralized by certain neighboring consonants.[clarification needed] They are then transcribed [ï ë ä ö ü], etc., but may be closer to [ɨ ɘ æ ɵ ʉ].
[edit] Consonants
Phonemes marked by an asterisk appear only in Zvelebil (2001, p. 157).
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ Perialwar, 1979. Ethnologue sets the number at more than 200,000 speakers. In reality, other social groups from South India bear the name of Irula, but aren't necessarily related to the population of Nilgiri. [1]
- ^ Perialwar 1979, p. 1
- ^ Perialwar 1979, p. 55
- ^ Perialwar 1979, p. 57, Zvelebil 2001, p. 157
[edit] Sources
- Perialwar, R. (1978), A Grammar of Irula, Annamalai University
- Perialwar, R. (1979), Phonology of Irula with Vocabulary, Annamalai University
- Zvelebil, Kamil V. (2001), "Irula Phonological System", Nilgiri Areal Studies, Charles University in Prague, The Karolinum Press, ISBN 80-7184-945-6
[edit] Further reading
|
|
|
| Southern |
|
|
| South-Central |
|
|
| Central |
|
|
| North |
|
|
Italics indicate extinct languages (no surviving native speakers and no spoken descendant)
|
|
|
Languages spoken in Kerala
|
|
| Non-tribal languages |
|
|
|
| Tribal languages |
|
|
| Other languages and creoles |
- Judeo-Malayalam
- Cochin Indo-Portuguese
- Cannanore Indo-Portuguese
- Tellicherry Indo-Portuguese
- Quilon Indo-Portuguese
- Vypin Indo-Portuguese
|
|
|
|
|
