List of extinct animals of North America
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This is an incomplete list of extinct animals of North America. This list covers only extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP (between 9560 and 9300 BC).
Contents |
[edit] Mammals
Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 AD)
- American cheetahs Miracinonyx trumani and Miracinonyx inexpectatus, 11000 BC.
- American Giant Armadillo Holmesina septentrionalis, 8000 BC.
- American lion Panthera leo atrox, USA, Canada and Mexico, 10000 BC
- American mastodon Mammut americanum, USA and Canada, 4080 BC
- American scimitar cats Homotherium, ssp., USA, Canada, Mexico, 10000 BC
- Ancient bison Bison antiquus, USA, 8000 BC.
- Atzlan Rabbit Aztlanolagus agilis, southeastern Arizona to central Texas and from central Colorado to southern Chihuahua, 8000 BC.
- Beringian cave lion Panthera leo vereshchagini, Northern USA and Canada, 11000 BC.
- Beautiful Armadillo Dasypus bellus, 8000 BC.
- California tapirs Tapirus californicus and Tapirus merriami and Tapirus copei and Tapirus veroensis, USA, 11000 BC.
- Chasmaporthetes Chasmaporthetes ossifragus, Arizona and Mexico, 10000 BC.
- Caribbean ground sloths, ssp. Caribbean islands, 5000 BC.
- Columbian mammoth Mammuthus columbi, USA and Mexico, 5800 BC.
- Conkling's Pronghorn Stockoceros conklingi 11000 BC.
- Dire wolf Canis dirus, USA, Canada, Mexico, 8000 BC.
- Dhole Cuon alpinus, USA, Canada, Mexico, 10000 BC.
- Florida giant beaver Castoroides leiseyorum, Florida, USA, 11000 BC.
- Florida saber-toothed cat Xenosmilus hodsonae, USA, 11000 BC.
- Florida spectacled bear Tremarctos floridanus, USA, 8000 BC.
- Giant beaver Castoroides ohioensis, Great Lakes region, 11000 BC.
- Giant hutia ssp. Caribbean islands, 1000 BC.
- Giant Horse Equus gigantea 10000 BC.
- Giant polar bear Ursus maritimus tyrannus, Arctic region.
- Giant short-faced bear Arctodus simus, USA, 8000 BC.
- Glyptotherium ssp. USA and Mexico, 8000 BC.
- Hagerman horse Equus simplicidens, USA, 10000 BC.
- Harlan's ground sloth Paramylodon harlani, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
- Harlan's muskox or Woodland Muskox Bootherium bombifrons, USA, 9000 BC.
- Harrington's mountain goat Oreamnos harringtoni, USA, 12000 10000 BC.
- Holmes's capybara Hydrochoerus holmesi 11000 BC.
- Imperial mammoth Mammuthus imperator, USA, 11000 BC.
- Jefferson's ground sloth Megalonyx jeffersonii, USA and Canada, 10000-9000BC.
- LeConte’s peccary Platygonus, ssp. USA, Canada and Mexico, 11000 BC.
- Long-nosed peccary Mylohyus nasutus, ssp. USA, 9,000 BC.
- Mountain deer Navahoceros fricki USA, 10000 BC.
- Mexican horse, Equus conversidens USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
- North American capybara Neochoerus pinckneyi, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
- Northern pampathere Holmesina septentrionalis, USA, 11000 BC.
- Panamerican ground sloth Eremotherium laurillardi, Canada, USA, Mexico, 11000 BC.
- Pygmy Onager Equus tau 10000 BC.
- Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus exilis, Channel Islands of California, USA, 10800-11300 BC.
- Saber-tooth cats Smilodon fatalis and Smilodon populator, North and South America, 8000 BC.
- Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica, USA and Canada, 11000 BC.
- Shasta ground sloth Nothrotheriops, spp. USA, 11000 BC.
- Shuler's Pronghorn Tetrameryx shuleri 11000 BC.
- Scott's horse Equus scotti, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
- Shrub-ox Euceratherium collinum 9500 BC
- Siberian tiger 'Panthera tigris altaica, Alaska, 10000 BC.
- Stag-moose Cervalces scotti, USA and Canada, 12000 BC.
- Steppe wisent Bison priscus, Canada and Alaska, 12000 BC.
- Stilt-legged llama Hemiauchenia macrocephala, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
- Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica, USA, 11000 BC
- Tar-pit pronghorn Capromeryx minor, USA and Mexico, 11000 BC.
- Western camel Camelops hesternus, USA and Mexico, 8000 BC.
- Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius, Northern USA, 2000 BC.
- Yukon wild horse Equus lambei, USA and Canada, 11000 BC.
Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)
- Antillean Cave Rat
- Insular Cave Rat Heteropsomys insulans, 1600s
- Corozal Rat
- Eastern Cougar Puma concolor couguar, 2011
- Puerto Rican Shrew Nesophontes edithae. 1600s
- Puerto Rican Long-nosed Bat Monophyllus frater
- Puerto Rican Long-tongued Bat
- Lesser Puerto Rican Ground Sloth
- Sherman's Pocket Gopher
- Goff's Pocket Gopher Geomys pinetis goffi
- Tacoma Pocket Gopher Thomomys mazama tacomensis
- Giant Deer Mouse
- Pallid Beach Mouse Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus, 1959
- Gull Island Vole Microtus pennsylvanicus nesophilus, 1897
- Louisiana Vole
- Puerto Rican Hutia Isolobodon portoricensis
- Puerto Rican Paca
- Lesser Puerto Rican Agouti
- Greater Puerto Rican Agouti
- Sea Mink Mustela macrodon, 1860
- Caribbean Monk Seal Monachus tropicalis, 1952
- Steller's Sea Cow Hydrodamalis gigas, 1768
- Columbia Basin Pygmy Rabbit subpopulation of Pygmy Rabbit
- Arizona Wapiti
- Colorado Hog-nosed Skunk
- Smith Island Cottontail
- Allen's Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel
- Banks Island Wolf Canis lupus bernardi, 1920
- Cascade Mountains Wolf Canis lupus fuscus, 1940
- Antillean Giant Rice Rat
- Eastern Elk Cervus canadensis canadiensis, 1887
- Merriam's Elk Cervus canadensis merriami, 1913
- Arizona Jaguar Panthera onca arizonensis, 1905
- Tule Shrew Sorex ornatus juncensis, 1905
[edit] Birds
Prehistoric extinctions (begin Holocene to 1500 AD)
[edit] Birds
- Californian Turkey Meleagris californica, USA, 10,000 BC.
- Chendytes lawi California, 1800 BC.
- Merriam's Teratorn Southern USA, 8000 BC.
- Pleistocene Black Vulture Western USA.
- Saint Croix Macaw St. Croix, Virgin Islands.
- Puerto Rican Obscure Bunting Puerto Rico
- Antillean Cave Rail
- Pavo californicus
- Titanis walleri southeastern USA, 15,000 BC.
- Phoenicopterus minutus California, USA.
- Phoenicopterus copei W North America and C Mexico.
- Daggett's Eagle La Brea and Carpinteria in southern California, and in Nuevo Leon in Mexico, 13,000 BC.
- La Brea Stork Ciconia maltha W and S USA, and Cuba, 10,000 BC.
- Cuban Teratorn Cuba
Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)
- Labrador Duck
- Heath Hen
- Spectacled Cormorant
- Atitlán Grebe
- Bermuda Night Heron
- Virgin Islands Screech-Owl
- Mauge's Parakeet
- Carolina Parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis
- Passenger Pigeon Ectopistes migratorius
- Guadalupe Caracara
- Bahaman Barn Owl
- Brace's Emerald
- Gould's Emerald
- Great Auk
- Grand Cayman Thrush Turdus ravidus
- Dusky Seaside Sparrow Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens
- Guadeloupe Burrowing Owl Speotyto cunicularia guadeloupensis
- Guadeloupe Parakeet Aratinga labati (18th Century)
- Guadeloupe Parrot Amazona violacea (1779)
- Lesser Antillean Macaw Ara guadeloupensis (1760)
- Cuban Red Macaw
- Martinique House Wren Troglodytes aedon martinicensis
- Martinique Parrot Amazona martinicana (1779)
- Slender-billed Grackle Quiscalus palustris
Possibly Extinct
- Guadalupe Storm-petrel
- Bachman's Warbler
- Eskimo Curlew
- Ivory-billed Woodpecker
- Imperial Woodpecker
- Semper's Warbler
[edit] Reptiles
Prehistoric extinctions (Holocene to 1500AD)
Modern extinctions (1500 AD to present)
- Navassa curly-tailed lizard
- Navassa iguana
- Navassa Island dwarf boa
- Sulcate blind snake
- Saint Croix racer
- Martinique giant ameiva, Ameiva major
- Martinique lizard, Leiocephalus herminieri (1830s)
- Ameiva cineracea (early 20th Century, Guadeloupe)
Possibly Extinct
[edit] Amphibians
- Vegas Valley leopard frog
- Catahoula salamander
- Golden toad, Costa Rica
Possibly Extinct
[edit] Fish
- Longjaw cisco
- Deepwater cisco
- Lake Ontario kiyi
- Blackfin cisco
- Yellowfin cutthroat trout
- Alvord cutthroat trout
- Silver trout
- Maravillas red shiner
- Independence Valley tui chub
- Thicktail chub
- Pahranagat spinedace
- Phantom shiner
- Las Vegas dace
- Grass Valley speckled dace
- Clear Lake splittail
- Snake River sucker
- Harelip sucker
- Tecopa pupfish
- Shoshone pupfish
- Raycraft Ranch killifish
- Pahrump Ranch killifish
- Ash Meadows killifish
- Amistad gambusia
- San Marcos gambusia
- Blue walleye
- Maryland darter
- Utah Lake sculpin
- Banff longnose dace
[edit] Possibly extinct
[edit] Crustaceans
- Hemigrapsus estellinensis [1]
- Pacifastacus nigrescens [2]
- Procambarus angustatus [3]
- Stygobromus lucifugus [4]
- Syncaris pasadenae [5]
[edit] Insects
- Pecatonica River mayfly
- Robert's stonefly
- Fort Ross weevil
- Mono Lake diving beetle
- Xerces Blue
- Chestnut Ermine Moth
- American Chestnut Moth
- Phleophaga Chestnut Moth
- Central Valley grasshopper
- Rocky Mountain locust
- Antioch Dunes shieldback katydid
[edit] Arachnids
[edit] Mollusks
- Coosa elktoe
- Carolina elktoe
- Ochlockonee arcmussel
- Recovery pearly mussel
- Arc-form pearly mussel
- Acorn pearly mussel
- Lewis pearly mussel
- Nearby pearly mussel
- Sampson's pearly mussel
- Steward's pearly mussel
- Turgid-blossom pearly mussel
- Shoal sprite
- Cahaba pebblesnail
- Umbilicate pebblesnail
- Mount matafao different snail
- Short-spired elimia
- Closed elimia
- Fusiform elimia
- High-spired elimia
- Constricted elimia
- Hearty elimia
- Ribbed elimia
- Rough-lined elimia
- Pupa elimia
- Pygmy elimia
- Cobble elimia
- Puzzle elimia
- Excised slitshell
- Striate slitshell
- Pagoda slitshell
- Ribbed slitshell
- Pyramid slitshell
- Round slitshell
- Lined pocketbook
- Eelgrass limpet
[edit] See also
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct animals of Canada
- List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands
- List of extinct animals of Asia
- List of extinct animals of Africa
- List of extinct animals of Europe
- List of extinct animals of South America
- Extinct birds
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
[edit] References
- IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 10 February 2007.
- ^ Gordon C. Creel (1964). "Hemigrapsus estellinensis: a new grapsoid crab from North Texas". The Southwestern Naturalist 8 (4): 236–241. JSTOR 3669636.
- ^ G. A. Schuster, C. A. Taylor & J. Cordeiro (2010). "Pacifastacus nigrescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/15867. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ R. F. Thoma, J. Cordeiro & T. Jones (2010). "Procambarus angustatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/18220. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Stygobromus lucifugus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/20995. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Syncaris pasadenae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/21250. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
