Ikaroa-Rāwhiti: Difference between revisions
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{{NZelectorateShortDesc|current=yes|type=maori|region=}} |
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{{Use New Zealand English|date=May 2013}} |
{{Use New Zealand English|date=May 2013}} |
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{{ |
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}} |
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{{Infobox constituency |
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[[File:Ikaroa-Rawhiti electorate, 2014.svg|thumb|Ikaroa-Rāwhiti electorate boundaries used since the {{NZ election link|2014}}]] |
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|name = Ikaroa-Rāwhiti |
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[[File:Hastings CBD.JPG|thumb|right|[[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]]]]'''Ikaroa-Rāwhiti''' is a New Zealand parliamentary [[Māori electorates|Māori electorate]]. It was formed for the {{NZ election link|1999}} and held by [[Parekura Horomia]] of the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] until his death in 2013. A [[List of New Zealand by-elections|by-election]] to replace him was held on [[2013 Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election|29 June 2013]] and was won by Labour's [[Meka Whaitiri]], who remains the incumbent after the {{NZ election link|2014}}. |
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|parl_name = [[New Zealand House of Representatives]] |
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|map2 = Ikaroa-Rawhiti electorate, 2014 |
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|map_entity = Ikaroa-Rāwhiti |
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|map_year = 2014 |
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|year = 1999 |
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|abolished = |
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|type = Single-member [[Māori electorates|Māori]] |
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|population = |
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|blank1_name = Current MP |
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|blank1_info = [[Cushla Tangaere-Manuel]] |
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|blank2_name = Party |
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|blank2_info = [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] |
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|blank3_name = List MP |
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|blank3_info = |
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|region = [[Gisborne Region|Gisborne]], [[Hawke's Bay Region|Hawke's Bay]], [[Manawatū-Whanganui Region|Manawatū-Whanganui]] and [[Wellington Region|Wellington]] |
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}} |
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[[File:Hastings CBD.JPG|thumb|right|[[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]]]] |
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'''Ikaroa-Rāwhiti''' is a New Zealand parliamentary [[Māori electorates|Māori electorate]] that was formed for the {{NZ election link|1999}}. It covers the eastern North Island from [[East Cape]] south through [[Hawke's Bay]] and the [[Wairarapa]] to [[Wainuiomata]] and most of the [[Hutt Valley]], but not southern [[Lower Hutt]] or [[Wellington City]]. |
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It was held by [[Parekura Horomia]] of the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] from 1999 until his death in 2013. A [[List of New Zealand by-elections|by-election]] to replace him was held on [[2013 Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election|29 June 2013]]. [[Meka Whaitiri]] held the seat for ten years under the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] before changing political allegiances. Whaitiri left the Labour Party in early May 2023 and joined [[Te Pāti Māori]]. According to a ruling by the speaker of the House, Whaitiri continued to represent the electorate, not on behalf of a party, but as an independent.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hon Meka Whaitiri |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/mps-and-electorates/members-of-parliament/whaitiri-meka/ |publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]] |access-date=5 May 2023}}</ref> |
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Labour's [[Cushla Tangaere-Manuel]] became MP in 2023. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/500285/devastated-labour-mps-prepare-for-spell-in-political-wilderness |last=Scotcher |first=Katie |title=Devastated Labour MPs prepare for spell in political wilderness |website=[[Radio New Zealand]] |access-date=17 October 2023 |date=16 October 2023}}</ref> |
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==Population centres== |
==Population centres== |
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The electorate includes the following population centres (from north to south): |
The electorate includes the following population centres (from north to south): |
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* [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] |
* [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] |
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* [[Wairoa]] |
* [[Wairoa]] |
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* [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]] |
* [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]] |
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* [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]] |
* [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]] |
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* [[Tararua District]] |
* [[Tararua District]] |
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* [[Masterton]] and the [[Wairarapa|Wairarapa district]] |
* [[Masterton]] and the [[Wairarapa|Wairarapa district]] |
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* [[Wellington]] – [[Upper Hutt]] and [[Lower Hutt]]—northern suburbs (north of Fairway Drive and Daysh Street), western hills (excluding [[Korokoro, New Zealand|Korokoro]]), and [[Wainuiomata]] |
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* [[Upper Hutt]] |
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* [[Lower Hutt]]—northern suburbs (north of Fairway Drive and Daysh Street), western hills (excluding [[Korokoro, New Zealand|Korokoro]]), and [[Wainuiomata]] |
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In the 2013/14 redistribution, a minor boundary adjustment was undertaken. A small area, including the village of |
In the 2013/14 redistribution, a minor boundary adjustment was undertaken. A small area, including the village of [[Tuai]], was transferred to the {{NZ electorate link|Waiariki}} electorate.<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the Representation Commission 2014 |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/report_of_the_representation_commission_2014.pdf |isbn=978-0-477-10414-2 |publisher=Representation Commission |access-date=1 October 2014 |page=11 |date=4 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075102/http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/report_of_the_representation_commission_2014.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==Tribal areas== |
==Tribal areas== |
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{{Expand section|date=May 2008}} |
{{Expand section|date=May 2008}} |
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The electorate includes the following tribal areas: |
The electorate includes the following tribal areas: |
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* [[Ngāti Porou]] |
* [[Ngāti Porou]] – Potikirua ki Te Toka-a-Taiau (Gisborne) |
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* [[Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki]] |
* [[Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki]] – Gisborne and [[Poverty Bay]] |
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* [[Rongowhakaata]] |
* [[Rongowhakaata]] – Poverty Bay |
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* [[Ngāi Tāmanuhiri]] |
* [[Ngāi Tāmanuhiri]] – Poverty Bay |
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* [[Ngāti Kahungunu]] |
* [[Ngāti Kahungunu]] – Wairoa, Hawke's Bay, Hastings, Napier and Wairarapa |
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* [[Ngāti Toa]] |
* [[Ngāti Toa]] – Hutt Valley, and northern Lower Hutt |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The electorate was formed for the {{NZ election link|1999}}, which was won by [[Parekura Horomia]] of the Labour Party.<ref name="Horomia Parliament bio">{{cite web |title=Hon Parekura Horomia |url= http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/MPP/MPs/Former/6/e/9/50PlibMPsFormerParekuraHoromia1-Horomia-Hon-Parekura.htm |publisher=New Zealand Parliament |access-date=23 May 2013 |year=2013}}</ref> Horomia's death on 29 April 2013 triggered a by-election,<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/8609380/MP-Parekura-Horomia-dead |title= MP Parekura Horomia dead |first1= Vernon |last1= Small |author-link1=Vernon Small |first2= Kate |last2= Chapman | |
The electorate was formed for the {{NZ election link|1999}}, which was won by [[Parekura Horomia]] of the Labour Party.<ref name="Horomia Parliament bio">{{cite web |title=Hon Parekura Horomia |url= http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/MPP/MPs/Former/6/e/9/50PlibMPsFormerParekuraHoromia1-Horomia-Hon-Parekura.htm |publisher=New Zealand Parliament |access-date=23 May 2013 |year=2013}}</ref> Horomia's death on 29 April 2013 triggered a by-election,<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/8609380/MP-Parekura-Horomia-dead |title= MP Parekura Horomia dead |first1= Vernon |last1= Small |author-link1=Vernon Small |first2= Kate |last2= Chapman |publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date= 29 April 2013 |access-date= 29 April 2013}}</ref> which was held on [[2013 Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election|29 June]] and won by Labour's [[Meka Whaitiri]].<ref name="2013 by-election final" /> The [[Māori Party]] had nominated tribal leader Na Rongowhakaata Raihania.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.3news.co.nz/Maori-Party-selects-by-election-candidate/tabid/1607/articleID/298289/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ |title= Maori Party selects by-election candidate| date=18 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO1305/S00290/na-rongowhakaata-raihania-announced-as-candidate.htm| publisher=Scoop| title= Na Rongowhakaata Raihania announced as candidate| date=18 May 2013}}</ref> and the [[Mana Party (New Zealand)|Mana Party]] had selected television presenter Te Hamua Nikora as its candidate.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://mana.net.nz/2013/05/te-hamua-nikora-is-the-mana-party-candidate-for-the-ikaroa-rawhiti-by-election|title= Te Hamua Nikora is the MANA Party Candidate for the Ikaroa Rawhiti By-Election|publisher= Mana Movement|date= 22 May 2013|access-date= 9 June 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141006112737/http://mana.net.nz/2013/05/te-hamua-nikora-is-the-mana-party-candidate-for-the-ikaroa-rawhiti-by-election/|archive-date= 6 October 2014|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mana announces Ikaroa-Rawhiti candidate|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/135747/mana-announces-ikaroa-rawhiti-candidate|publisher=Radio New Zealand|access-date=23 May 2013}}</ref> The [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]] had selected environmentalist and human rights advocate [[Marama Davidson]].<ref name=OfficialCandidateList>{{cite web |title=Ikaroa-Rāwhiti By-election Candidates Announced |url= http://www.elections.org.nz/news-media/ikaroa-r%C4%81whiti-election-candidates-announced |publisher=Elections New Zealand |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Greens select child abuse campaigner for Ikaroa-Rawhiti |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10886243 |date= 26 May 2013 |first= Adam |last= Bennett |work= The New Zealand Herald |access-date= 26 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Marama Davidson selected as Green Party candidate for Ikaroa-Rāwhiti |url=http://www.greens.org.nz/press-releases/marama-davidson-selected-green-party-candidate-ikaroa-r-whiti |publisher=Green Party |access-date=26 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904040806/https://www.greens.org.nz/press-releases/marama-davidson-selected-green-party-candidate-ikaroa-r-whiti |archive-date=4 September 2013 }}</ref> Further candidates had been [[Michael Appleby (politician)|Michael Appleby]] for the [[Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party]]<ref name=OfficialCandidateList /><ref>{{cite web |title=Vote Michael Appleby in the Ikaroa Rawhiti By-election |url=http://alcp.org.nz/vote2014/node/2 |publisher=Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party |access-date=5 June 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628021038/http://alcp.org.nz/vote2014/node/2 |archive-date=28 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party launch By-Election campaign |url= http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO1306/S00020/aotearoa-legalise-cannabis-party-launch-by-election-campaign.htm |publisher=[[Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party]] |website=[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> plus two independent candidates.<ref name=OfficialCandidateList /> Based on preliminary results, Whaitiri more than tripled her {{NZ election link|2014}} night majority over Mana's Nikora. Also based on preliminary results, [[Marama Fox]] of the [[Māori Party]] was elected to Parliament as a list MP.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Laing |first1=Doug |title=Meka Whaitiri wins Ikaroa-Rawhiti |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503462&objectid=11328631 |access-date=2 October 2014 |work=[[Hawke's Bay Today]] |date=20 September 2014}}</ref> |
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===Members of Parliament=== |
===Members of Parliament=== |
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{{Party index link|New Zealand Labour Party}} |
{{Party index link|New Zealand Labour Party}} |
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{{Party index link| |
{{Party index link|Independent politician}} |
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{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{NZ election link|1999}} |
| {{NZ election link|1999}} |
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| rowspan=5 {{ |
| rowspan=5 {{party color cell|New Zealand Labour Party|5px}} |
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| rowspan=5| [[Parekura Horomia]] |
| rowspan=5| [[Parekura Horomia]] |
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|- |
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|- |
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|{{By-election link small|Ikaroa-Rāwhiti|2013}} |
|{{By-election link small|Ikaroa-Rāwhiti|2013}} |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:{{party color|New Zealand Labour Party}}"| |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 | [[Meka Whaitiri]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|{{NZ election link|2014}} |
|{{NZ election link|2014}} |
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|{{NZ election link|2017}} |
|{{NZ election link|2017}} |
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|- |
|- |
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|{{NZ election link|2020}} |
| rowspan = 2 | {{NZ election link|2020}} |
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| style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:{{party color|New Zealand Labour Party}}"| |
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|- |
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| height=5 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| |
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|- |
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|{{NZ election link|2023}} |
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| {{party color cell|New Zealand Labour Party}} |
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| [[Cushla Tangaere-Manuel]] |
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|} |
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Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested Ikaroa-Rāwhiti. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections. |
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested Ikaroa-Rāwhiti. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections. |
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{{Party index link|Māori Party}} |
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{{Party index link|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}} |
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{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable |
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|- |
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|- |
|- |
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|{{NZ election link|2014}} |
|{{NZ election link|2014}} |
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| |
| {{party color cell|Māori Party|5px}} |
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| [[Marama Fox]] |
| [[Marama Fox]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|{{NZ election link|2020}} |
|{{NZ election link|2020}} |
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| |
| {{party color cell|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|5px}} |
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| [[Elizabeth Kerekere]] |
| [[Elizabeth Kerekere]] |
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|} |
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==Election results== |
==Election results== |
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===2023 election=== |
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{{MMP election box begin |title=[[2023 New Zealand general election|2023 general election]]: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti<ref name="2023 Ikaroa-Rāwhiti">{{cite web|title=Ikaroa-Rāwhiti – Official Result|url= https://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2023/electorate-details-67.html|publisher=New Zealand Electoral Commission|access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref>}} |
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{{MMP election box candidate win| |
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|party = New Zealand Labour Party |
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|candidate = [[Cushla Tangaere-Manuel]] |
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|votes = 13,747 |
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|percentage = 52.63 |
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|change = –2.94 |
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|party votes = 14,775 |
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|party percent = 54.79 |
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|party change = –12.54 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box incumbent lose| |
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|party = Te Pāti Māori |
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|candidate = [[Meka Whaitiri]] |
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|votes = 10,873 |
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|percentage = 41.63 |
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|change = +10.69 |
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|party votes = 6,722 |
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|party percent = 24.92 |
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|party change = +12.76 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box candidate only| |
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|party = Vision NZ |
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|candidate = Ata Tuhakaraina |
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|votes = 787 |
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|percentage = 3.01 |
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|change = – |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand |
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|party votes = 1,802 |
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|party percent = 6.68 |
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|party change = –1.79 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = New Zealand National Party |
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|party votes = 964 |
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|party percent = 3.69 |
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|party change = +1.36 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = New Zealand First |
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|party votes = 927 |
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|party percent = 3.54 |
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|party change = –0.22 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party |
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|party votes = 280 |
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|party percent = 1.03 |
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|party change = –0.88 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = New Zealand Loyal |
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|party votes = 257 |
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|party percent = 0.95 |
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|party change = – |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = ACT New Zealand |
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|party votes = 209 |
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|party percent = 0.77 |
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|party change = –0.11 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = NewZeal |
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|party votes = 180 |
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|party percent = 0.66 |
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|party change = +0.03 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = Freedoms New Zealand |
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|party votes = 169 |
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|party percent = 0.62 |
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|party change = – |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = The Opportunities Party |
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|party votes = 138 |
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|party percent = 0.51 |
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|party change = –0.23 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = Animal Justice Party Aotearoa New Zealand |
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|party votes = 26 |
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|party percent = 0.09 |
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|party change = – |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = DemocracyNZ |
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|party votes = 26 |
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|party percent = 0.09 |
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|party change = – |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = New Conservatives Party |
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|party votes = 18 |
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|party percent = 0.06 |
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|party change = –0.32 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = Women's Rights Party |
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|party votes = 18 |
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|party percent = 0.06 |
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|party change = – |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = Leighton Baker Party |
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|party votes = 9 |
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|party percent = 0.03 |
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|party change = – |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = New Nation Party |
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|party votes = 9 |
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|party percent = 0.03 |
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|party change = – |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box informal vote| |
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|votes = 711 |
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|party votes = 436 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box total vote| |
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|votes = 26,118 |
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|party votes = 26,965 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box majority hold| |
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|winner = New Zealand Labour Party |
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|votes = 2,874 |
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|percent = 11.00 |
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|change = –12.94 |
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}} |
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===2020 election=== |
===2020 election=== |
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{{MMP election box begin |title=[[2020 New Zealand general election|2020 general election]]: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti<ref name="2020 Ikaroa-Rāwhiti">{{cite web|title=Official Count Results – Ikaroa-Rāwhiti|url= https://www.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2020/electorate-details-67.html|publisher=New Zealand Electoral Commission|access-date=5 December 2021|location=Wellington}}</ref>}} |
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{{MMP election box incumbent win| |
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|party = New Zealand Labour Party |
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|candidate = [[Meka Whaitiri]] |
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|votes = 13,642 |
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|percentage = 55.57 |
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|change = +0.44 |
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|party votes = 17,111 |
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|party percent = 67.33 |
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|party change = +1.80 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box candidate| |
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|party = Māori Party |
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|candidate = Heather Te Au-Skipworth |
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|votes = 7,597 |
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|percentage = 30.94 |
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|change = −5.28 |
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|party votes = 3,089 |
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|party percent = 12.16 |
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|party change = −1.00 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box candidate list| |
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|party = Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand |
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|candidate = [[Elizabeth Kerekere]] |
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|votes = 2,080 |
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|percentage = 8.47 |
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|change = −0.17 |
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|party votes = 1,647 |
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|party percent = 6.48 |
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|party change = +1.56 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box candidate| |
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|party = Advance NZ |
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|candidate = Waitangi Kupenga |
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|votes = 791 |
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|percentage = 3.22 |
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|change = — |
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|party votes = 638 |
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|party percent = 2.51 |
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|party change = — |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box candidate| |
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|party = New Conservative Party (New Zealand) |
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|candidate = Melissa Lee-Ann Hill |
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|votes = 245 |
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|percentage = 1.00 |
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|change = — |
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|party votes = 96 |
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|party percent = 0.38 |
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|party change = +0.32 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box candidate| |
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|party = New Zealand Outdoors Party |
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|candidate = Kelly Thurston |
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|votes = 196 |
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|percentage = 0.80 |
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|change = — |
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|party votes = 44 |
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|party percent = 0.17 |
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|party change = +0.13 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = New Zealand First |
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|party votes = 956 |
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|party percent = 3.76 |
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|party change = −3.49 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = New Zealand National Party |
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|party votes = 593 |
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|party percent = 2.33 |
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|party change = −2.54 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party |
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|party votes = 486 |
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|party percent = 1.91 |
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|party change = +0.99 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = ACT New Zealand |
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|party votes = 223 |
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|party percent = 0.88 |
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|party change = +0.75 |
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}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
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|party = The Opportunities Party |
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|party votes = 189 |
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|party percent = 0.74 |
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|party change = −1.27 |
|||
}} |
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{{MMP election box party only| |
|||
|party = ONE Party |
|||
|party votes = 164 |
|||
|party percent = 0.63 |
|||
|party change = — |
|||
}} |
|||
{{MMP election box party only| |
|||
|party = Vision NZ |
|||
|party votes = 161 |
|||
|party percent = 0.63 |
|||
|party change = — |
|||
}} |
|||
{{MMP election box party only| |
|||
|party = Sustainable New Zealand Party |
|||
|party votes = 6 |
|||
|party percent = 0.02 |
|||
|party change = — |
|||
}} |
|||
{{MMP election box party only| |
|||
|party = Tea Party New Zealand |
|||
|party votes = 6 |
|||
|party percent = 0.02 |
|||
|party change = — |
|||
}} |
|||
{{MMP election box party only| |
|||
|party = Social Credit Party (New Zealand) |
|||
|party votes = 3 |
|||
|party percent = 0.01 |
|||
|party change = ±0.00 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{MMP election box party only| |
|||
|party = Heartland New Zealand Party |
|||
|party votes = 0 |
|||
|party percent = 0.00 |
|||
|party change = — |
|||
}} |
|||
{{MMP election box informal vote| |
|||
|votes = 820 |
|||
|party votes = 472 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{MMP election box total vote| |
|||
|votes = 25,371 |
|||
|party votes = 25,884 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{MMP election box majority hold| |
|||
|winner = New Zealand Labour Party |
|||
|votes = 6,075 |
|||
|percent = 23.94 |
|||
|change = −25.90 |
|||
}} |
|||
===2017 election=== |
===2017 election=== |
||
{{MMP election box begin |title=[[2017 New Zealand general election|2017 general election]]: Ikaroa-Rawhiti<ref name="2017 Ikaroa-Rawhiti">{{cite web|title=Official Count Results -- Ikaroa-Rawhiti|url=http://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2017/electorate-details-66.html|publisher=New Zealand Electoral Commission|access-date=24 December 2017|location=Wellington}}</ref>}} |
{{MMP election box begin |title=[[2017 New Zealand general election|2017 general election]]: Ikaroa-Rawhiti<ref name="2017 Ikaroa-Rawhiti">{{cite web|title=Official Count Results -- Ikaroa-Rawhiti|url=http://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2017/electorate-details-66.html|publisher=New Zealand Electoral Commission|access-date=24 December 2017|location=Wellington|archive-date=24 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101819/http://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2017/electorate-details-66.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |
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{{MMP election box incumbent win| |
{{MMP election box incumbent win| |
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|party = New Zealand Labour Party |
|party = New Zealand Labour Party |
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===2011 election=== |
===2011 election=== |
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{{MMP election box begin |title=[[2011 New Zealand general election|2011 general election]]: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti<ref> |
{{MMP election box begin |title=[[2011 New Zealand general election|2011 general election]]: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2011/electorate-65.html |title=2011 election results |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208094247/http://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2011/electorate-65.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} |
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{{MMP election box incumbent win| |
{{MMP election box incumbent win| |
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|party =New Zealand Labour Party |
|party =New Zealand Labour Party |
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{{MMP election box minor party candidate |
{{MMP election box minor party candidate |
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|color = {{Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata |
|color = {{party color|Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata}} |
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|party = [[Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata|Mana Wahine]] |
|party = [[Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata|Mana Wahine]] |
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|candidate = Beverly Rewa Nicholson |
|candidate = Beverly Rewa Nicholson |
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}} |
}} |
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{{MMP election box minor party candidate |
{{MMP election box minor party candidate |
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|color = {{Aroha Ngia Tatou |
|color = {{party color|Aroha Ngia Tatou}} |
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|party = Aroha Ngia Tatou |
|party = Aroha Ngia Tatou |
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|candidate = Te Aroha Mei |
|candidate = Te Aroha Mei |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[ |
*[https://www.parliament.nz/en/mps-and-electorates/electorate-profiles/ikaroa-r%C4%81whiti-electorate-profile/ Electorate profile], New Zealand Parliament |
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{{electorates of New Zealand}} |
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{{electorates of New Zealand}} |
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{{coord|39.4167|S|176.8167|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Māori electorates]] |
[[Category:Māori electorates]] |
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[[Category:1999 establishments in New Zealand]] |
[[Category:1999 establishments in New Zealand]] |
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[[Category:Māori words and phrases]] |
Revision as of 18:14, 13 February 2024
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti | |
---|---|
Single-member Māori constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives | |
Region | Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington |
Current constituency | |
Created | 1999 |
Current MP | Cushla Tangaere-Manuel |
Party | Labour |
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate that was formed for the 1999 election. It covers the eastern North Island from East Cape south through Hawke's Bay and the Wairarapa to Wainuiomata and most of the Hutt Valley, but not southern Lower Hutt or Wellington City.
It was held by Parekura Horomia of the Labour Party from 1999 until his death in 2013. A by-election to replace him was held on 29 June 2013. Meka Whaitiri held the seat for ten years under the Labour Party before changing political allegiances. Whaitiri left the Labour Party in early May 2023 and joined Te Pāti Māori. According to a ruling by the speaker of the House, Whaitiri continued to represent the electorate, not on behalf of a party, but as an independent.[1] Labour's Cushla Tangaere-Manuel became MP in 2023. [2]
Population centres
As the electorate's name suggests (ika "fish", roa "long", rāwhiti "east"), Ikaroa-Rāwhiti is a long electorate covering the eastern North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui).
The electorate includes the following population centres (from north to south):
- Gisborne
- Wairoa
- Napier
- Hastings
- Central Hawke's Bay
- Tararua District
- Masterton and the Wairarapa district
- Wellington – Upper Hutt and Lower Hutt—northern suburbs (north of Fairway Drive and Daysh Street), western hills (excluding Korokoro), and Wainuiomata
In the 2013/14 redistribution, a minor boundary adjustment was undertaken. A small area, including the village of Tuai, was transferred to the Waiariki electorate.[3]
Tribal areas
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2008) |
The electorate includes the following tribal areas:
- Ngāti Porou – Potikirua ki Te Toka-a-Taiau (Gisborne)
- Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki – Gisborne and Poverty Bay
- Rongowhakaata – Poverty Bay
- Ngāi Tāmanuhiri – Poverty Bay
- Ngāti Kahungunu – Wairoa, Hawke's Bay, Hastings, Napier and Wairarapa
- Ngāti Toa – Hutt Valley, and northern Lower Hutt
History
The electorate was formed for the 1999 election, which was won by Parekura Horomia of the Labour Party.[4] Horomia's death on 29 April 2013 triggered a by-election,[5] which was held on 29 June and won by Labour's Meka Whaitiri.[6] The Māori Party had nominated tribal leader Na Rongowhakaata Raihania.[7][8] and the Mana Party had selected television presenter Te Hamua Nikora as its candidate.[9][10] The Green Party had selected environmentalist and human rights advocate Marama Davidson.[11][12][13] Further candidates had been Michael Appleby for the Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party[11][14][15] plus two independent candidates.[11] Based on preliminary results, Whaitiri more than tripled her 2014 election night majority over Mana's Nikora. Also based on preliminary results, Marama Fox of the Māori Party was elected to Parliament as a list MP.[16]
Members of Parliament
Key
List MPs
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested Ikaroa-Rāwhiti. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
Election | Winner | |
---|---|---|
2014 election | Marama Fox | |
2020 election | Elizabeth Kerekere |
Election results
2023 election
2023 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[17] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Cushla Tangaere-Manuel | 13,747 | 52.63 | –2.94 | 14,775 | 54.79 | –12.54 | ||
Te Pāti Māori | Meka Whaitiri | 10,873 | 41.63 | +10.69 | 6,722 | 24.92 | +12.76 | ||
Vision NZ | Ata Tuhakaraina | 787 | 3.01 | – | |||||
Green | 1,802 | 6.68 | –1.79 | ||||||
National | 964 | 3.69 | +1.36 | ||||||
NZ First | 927 | 3.54 | –0.22 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 280 | 1.03 | –0.88 | ||||||
NZ Loyal | 257 | 0.95 | – | ||||||
ACT | 209 | 0.77 | –0.11 | ||||||
NewZeal | 180 | 0.66 | +0.03 | ||||||
Freedoms NZ | 169 | 0.62 | – | ||||||
Opportunities | 138 | 0.51 | –0.23 | ||||||
Animal Justice | 26 | 0.09 | – | ||||||
DemocracyNZ | 26 | 0.09 | – | ||||||
New Conservatives | 18 | 0.06 | –0.32 | ||||||
Women's Rights | 18 | 0.06 | – | ||||||
Leighton Baker Party | 9 | 0.03 | – | ||||||
New Nation | 9 | 0.03 | – | ||||||
Informal votes | 711 | 436 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 26,118 | 26,965 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 2,874 | 11.00 | –12.94 |
2020 election
2020 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[18] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Meka Whaitiri | 13,642 | 55.57 | +0.44 | 17,111 | 67.33 | +1.80 | ||
Māori Party | Heather Te Au-Skipworth | 7,597 | 30.94 | −5.28 | 3,089 | 12.16 | −1.00 | ||
Green | Elizabeth Kerekere | 2,080 | 8.47 | −0.17 | 1,647 | 6.48 | +1.56 | ||
Advance NZ | Waitangi Kupenga | 791 | 3.22 | — | 638 | 2.51 | — | ||
New Conservative | Melissa Lee-Ann Hill | 245 | 1.00 | — | 96 | 0.38 | +0.32 | ||
Outdoors | Kelly Thurston | 196 | 0.80 | — | 44 | 0.17 | +0.13 | ||
NZ First | 956 | 3.76 | −3.49 | ||||||
National | 593 | 2.33 | −2.54 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 486 | 1.91 | +0.99 | ||||||
ACT | 223 | 0.88 | +0.75 | ||||||
Opportunities | 189 | 0.74 | −1.27 | ||||||
ONE | 164 | 0.63 | — | ||||||
Vision NZ | 161 | 0.63 | — | ||||||
Sustainable NZ | 6 | 0.02 | — | ||||||
TEA | 6 | 0.02 | — | ||||||
Social Credit | 3 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | ||||||
Heartland | 0 | 0.00 | — | ||||||
Informal votes | 820 | 472 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 25,371 | 25,884 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 6,075 | 23.94 | −25.90 |
2017 election
2017 general election: Ikaroa-Rawhiti[19] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Meka Whaitiri | 12,274 | 53.68 | +8.5 | 15,233 | 64.7 | +17.32 | ||
Māori Party | Marama Fox | 8,064 | 35.27 | +17.44 | 3,058 | 13.0 | +0.81 | ||
Green | Elizabeth Kerekere | 1,924 | 8.41 | -1.38 | 1,143 | 4.86 | -5.42 | ||
NZ First | 1,685 | 7.16 | -4.09 | ||||||
National | 1,131 | 4.8 | -0.57 | ||||||
Opportunities | 468 | 1.99 | +1.99 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 214 | 0.91 | -0.5 | ||||||
Mana | 198 | 0.84 | -8.88[a] | ||||||
ACT | 30 | 0.13 | +0.2 | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 28 | 0.12 | +0.1 | ||||||
People's Party | 26 | 0.11 | +0.11 | ||||||
Conservative | 15 | 0.06 | -0.53 | ||||||
Outdoors | 9 | 0.04 | +0.04 | ||||||
Internet | 5 | 0.02 | -9.70[b] | ||||||
Democrats | 1 | 0 | -0.01 | ||||||
United Future | 1 | 0 | -0.03 | ||||||
Informal votes | 603 | 285 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 22,865 | 23,530 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 4,210 | 18.41 | -3.23 |
2014 election
2014 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[20] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Meka Whaitiri | 9,753 | 45.18 | +4.28[c] | 10,489 | 47.38 | -2.20 | ||
Mana | Te Hāmua Nikora | 5,080 | 23.53 | -2.59 | |||||
Māori Party | Marama Fox | 3,848 | 17.83 | -2.03 | 2,699 | 12.19 | -1.79 | ||
Green | Henare Kani | 2,114 | 9.79 | -1.36 | 2,275 | 10.28 | +0.92 | ||
Independent | Cathryn Eden | 215 | 1.00 | +1.00 | |||||
Expatriate Party | Vicky Rose | 70 | 0.32 | +0.32 | |||||
NZ First | 2,490 | 11.25 | -2.95 | ||||||
Internet Mana | 2,152 | 9.72 | +0.12[d] | ||||||
National | 1,189 | 5.37 | -0.60 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 313 | 1.41 | -0.05 | ||||||
Conservative | 130 | 0.59 | +0.19 | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 25 | 0.11 | +0.11 | ||||||
ACT | 24 | 0.11 | +0.11 | ||||||
Independent Coalition | 11 | 0.05 | +0.05 | ||||||
United Future | 6 | 0.03 | -0.05 | ||||||
Focus | 4 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
Democrats | 2 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||||||
Civilian | 2 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
Informal votes | 506 | 325 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 21,586 | 22,136 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 4,673 | 21.64 | -16.97 |
2013 by-election
The following table shows the final results of the by-election:[6]
2013 Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of the by-election. | |||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Labour | Meka Whaitiri | 4,590 | 40.90 | -19.81 | |
Mana Party | Te Hamua Nikora | 2,931 | 26.12 | +11.84 | |
Māori Party | Na Raihania | 2,229 | 19.86 | −3.24 | |
Green | Marama Davidson | 1,251 | 11.15 | +11.15 | |
Legalise Cannabis | Michael Appleby | 176 | 1.57 | +1.57 | |
Independent | Maurice Wairau | 30 | 0.27 | −1.64 | |
Independent | Adam Holland | 15 | 0.13 | +0.13 | |
Total Valid votes | 11,222 | ||||
Informal votes | 46 | 0.41 | -4.93 | ||
Turnout | 11,268 | 33.13 | −22.46 | ||
Registered electors | 34,008 | ||||
Labour hold | Majority | 1,659 | 14.78 | -22.83 |
2011 election
2011 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[21] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Parekura Horomia | 10,558 | 60.71 | +9.22 | 9,054 | 49.58 | -7.62 | ||
Māori Party | Na Raihania | 4,017 | 23.10 | -19.86 | 2,736 | 14.98 | -11.91 | ||
Mana | Tawhai McClutchie | 2,484 | 14.28 | +14.28 | 1,754 | 9.60 | +9.60 | ||
Independent | Maurice Wairau | 332 | 1.91 | +1.91 | |||||
Green | 1,710 | 9.36 | +6.21 | ||||||
NZ First | 1,516 | 8.30 | +2.93 | ||||||
National | 1,091 | 5.97 | +1.12 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 267 | 1.46 | +0.47 | ||||||
Conservative | 73 | 0.40 | +0.40 | ||||||
ACT | 36 | 0.20 | -0.04 | ||||||
United Future | 14 | 0.08 | -0.01 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 7 | 0.04 | +0.02 | ||||||
Alliance | 2 | 0.01 | -0.004 | ||||||
Democrats | 2 | 0.01 | -0.004 | ||||||
Informal votes | 928 | 470 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 17,391 | 18,262 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 6,541 | 37.61 | +29.08 |
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 32,951[22]
2008 election
2008 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[23] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Parekura Horomia | 9,927 | 51.49 | -2.26 | 11,328 | 57.20 | -1.08 | ||
Māori Party | Derek Fox | 8,282 | 42.96 | +0.16 | 5,326 | 26.89 | -1.17 | ||
Green | Bevan Tipene | 1,070 | 5.55 | +5.55 | 625 | 3.16 | +0.63 | ||
NZ First | 1,064 | 5.37 | +0.64 | ||||||
National | 962 | 4.86 | +2.13 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 196 | 0.99 | +0.18 | ||||||
Family Party | 77 | 0.39 | +0.39 | ||||||
Bill and Ben | 68 | 0.34 | +0.34 | ||||||
ACT | 47 | 0.24 | +0.06 | ||||||
Progressive | 35 | 0.18 | -0.12 | ||||||
Kiwi | 25 | 0.13 | +0.13 | ||||||
United Future | 17 | 0.09 | -0.29 | ||||||
Workers Party | 16 | 0.08 | +0.08 | ||||||
Pacific | 7 | 0.04 | +0.04 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 4 | 0.02 | +0.01 | ||||||
Alliance | 3 | 0.02 | -0.01 | ||||||
Democrats | 3 | 0.02 | +0.01 | ||||||
RONZ | 2 | 0.01 | -0.01 | ||||||
RAM | 0 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | ||||||
Informal votes | 439 | 284 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 19,279 | 19,805 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 1,645 | 8.53 | -2.29 |
2005 election
2005 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[24] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Parekura Horomia | 9,502 | 53.75 | -24.31 | 10,639 | 58.28 | |||
Māori Party | Atareta Poananga | 7,570 | 42.80 | +42.80 | 5,122 | 28.06 | |||
Destiny | Tauha Te Kani | 614 | 3.47 | 360 | 1.97 | ||||
NZ First | 846 | 4.63 | |||||||
National | 499 | 2.73 | |||||||
Green | 443 | 2.43 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 147 | 0.81 | |||||||
United Future | 70 | 0.38 | |||||||
Progressive | 54 | 0.30 | |||||||
ACT | 33 | 0.18 | |||||||
Family Rights | 14 | 0.08 | |||||||
Christian Heritage | 7 | 0.04 | |||||||
99 MP | 5 | 0.03 | |||||||
Alliance | 5 | 0.03 | |||||||
One NZ | 3 | 0.02 | |||||||
RONZ | 3 | 0.02 | |||||||
Democrats | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
Direct Democracy | 1 | 0.01 | |||||||
Informal votes | 472 | 240 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 17,686 | 18,255 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 1,932 | 10.92 | -61.33 |
1999 election
1999 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[25] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Parekura Horomia | 7,442 | 40.99 | 10,763 | 59.03 | ||||
Independent | Derek Fox | 6,747 | 37.16 | ||||||
NZ First | Bill Gudgeon | 1,084 | 5.97 | 2,185 | 11.98 | ||||
Alliance | Des Ratima | 957 | 5.27 | 1,223 | 6.71 | ||||
Mauri Pacific | Rana Waitai | 590 | 3.25 | 369 | 2.02 | ||||
National | Dale Stephens | 376 | 2.07 | 812 | 4.45 | ||||
Christian Democrats | Tiwha Patricia Blake | 235 | 1.29 | 170 | 0.93 | ||||
Christian Heritage | Peter Richard Amor | 207 | 1.14 | 231 | 1.27 | ||||
Freedom Movement | Jennifer Waitai-Rapana | 175 | 0.96 | 60 | 0.33 | ||||
ACT | Vicky Robin | 139 | 0.77 | 99 | 0.54 | ||||
Mana Wahine | Beverly Rewa Nicholson | 86 | 0.47 | ||||||
Natural Law | Tim Irwin | 66 | 0.36 | 28 | 0.15 | ||||
Aroha Ngia Tatou | Te Aroha Mei | 51 | 0.28 | ||||||
Mana Māori | 750 | 4.11 | |||||||
Green | 727 | 3.99 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 716 | 3.93 | |||||||
Animals First | 28 | 0.15 | |||||||
One NZ | 23 | 0.13 | |||||||
The People's Choice | 14 | 0.08 | |||||||
McGillicuddy Serious | 13 | 0.07 | |||||||
United NZ | 9 | 0.05 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 8 | 0.04 | |||||||
NMP | 3 | 0.02 | |||||||
Republican | 1 | 0.01 | |||||||
South Island | 1 | 0.01 |
Notes
- ^ Compared to Internet Mana party vote
- ^ Compared to Internet Mana party vote
- ^ Change in vote percentage for candidates is relative to the 2013 by-election
- ^ Compared to Mana Movement party vote
References
- ^ "Hon Meka Whaitiri". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- ^ Scotcher, Katie (16 October 2023). "Devastated Labour MPs prepare for spell in political wilderness". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ "Hon Parekura Horomia". New Zealand Parliament. 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ Small, Vernon; Chapman, Kate (29 April 2013). "MP Parekura Horomia dead". Stuff. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- ^ a b "Results of the Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ^ "Maori Party selects by-election candidate". 3 News NZ. 18 May 2013.
- ^ "Na Rongowhakaata Raihania announced as candidate". Scoop. 18 May 2013.
- ^ "Te Hamua Nikora is the MANA Party Candidate for the Ikaroa Rawhiti By-Election". Mana Movement. 22 May 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ "Mana announces Ikaroa-Rawhiti candidate". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ a b c "Ikaroa-Rāwhiti By-election Candidates Announced". Elections New Zealand. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ Bennett, Adam (26 May 2013). "Greens select child abuse campaigner for Ikaroa-Rawhiti". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- ^ "Marama Davidson selected as Green Party candidate for Ikaroa-Rāwhiti" (Press release). Green Party. Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- ^ "Vote Michael Appleby in the Ikaroa Rawhiti By-election". Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ "Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party launch By-Election campaign". Scoop (Press release). Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ Laing, Doug (20 September 2014). "Meka Whaitiri wins Ikaroa-Rawhiti". Hawke's Bay Today. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
- ^ "Ikaroa-Rāwhiti – Official Result". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Ikaroa-Rāwhiti". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "Official Count Results -- Ikaroa-Rawhiti". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- ^ 2014 Official Count Results -- Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
- ^ "2011 election results". Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
- ^ 2008/electorate-65.html 2008 election results
- ^ 2005 election results[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Candidate vote details – Ikaroa-Rāwhiti". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
External links
- Electorate profile, New Zealand Parliament