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== National flag ==
== National flag ==
{{Main|Flag of Vietnam}}
{{Main|Flag of Vietnam}}

=== Current ===
=== Current ===


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| [[File:German interpretation of the Nguyễn Dynasty flag (1885-1890) - Ngọc Giao.png|border|100px]] || 1885–1890 || Flag of emperor [[Đồng Khánh]]. || '''Influences:''' [[File:Flag of Central Vietnam (1885-1890).svg|30px]] || An incorrect reading of the Chinese characters ''Đại Nam'' (大南, great south) by Europeans with no experience with the script.
| [[File:German interpretation of the Nguyễn Dynasty flag (1885-1890) - Ngọc Giao.png|border|100px]] || 1885–1890 || Flag of emperor [[Đồng Khánh]]. || '''Influences:''' [[File:Flag of Central Vietnam (1885-1890).svg|30px]] || An incorrect reading of the Chinese characters ''Đại Nam'' (大南, great south) by Europeans with no experience with the script.
|-
|-
| {{ListFlag|Flag of Tonga.svg}} || NA || Flag of the [[Tonkin (French protectorate)|French protectorate of Tonkin]] || Is actually the [[Flag of Tonga|flag]] of [[Tonga]]. || [[File:Tonkin - Flags of All Nations - Sweet Caporal Little Cigars - (1909) 01.jpg|100px]]
| {{ListFlag|Flag of Tonga.svg}} || NA || Flag of the [[Tonkin (French protectorate)|French protectorate of Tonkin]] || Is actually the [[Flag of Tonga|flag]] of [[Tonga]]. || [[File:Tonkin - Flags of All Nations - Sweet Caporal Little Cigars - (1909) 01.jpg|100px]]
|-
| [[File:Flag of South Vietnam.svg|border|100px]] || 1890–1920 || National flag of [[Names of Vietnam|Đại Nam]] || ''Đại Nam Quốc Kỳ'' (National flag of Đại Nam), claimed to have been originally issued by Emperor [[Thành Thái]]<ref name="VoDang">{{cite book|last1=Dang|first1=Thanh Thuy Vo|title=Anticommunism as cultural praxis: South Vietnam, War, and Refugee Memories in the Vietnamese American Community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KnxdecDD78C|access-date=2011-03-28|year=2008|location=San Diego, California|isbn=9780549560173}}</ref> '''Influences:''' Yellow, beyond the meaning of a royal symbol, is the traditional colour of Vietnamese nation and the colour of Vietnamese skin, red is the colour of Vietnamese blood together is the "red blood, yellow skin"{{noteTag|Original Vietnamese: "''Máu đỏ da vàng''".}} of the Vietnamese. The three red stripes symbolised the united Vietnam under three regions Northern Vietnam ([[Tonkin|Bắc Kỳ]]), Central Vietnam ([[Annam (French protectorate)|Trung Kỳ]]) and Southern Vietnam ([[Cochinchina|Nam Kỳ]]) <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Vietnam.html|title=Vietnam|first=Ben|last=Cahoon|website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050512031344/http://www.vpac-usa.org/flag/The%20National%20Flag%20of%20VN.pdf The National Flag of Viet Nam: Its Origin and Legitimacy] or in [http://forums.vietbao.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=28614&#348809 Vietbao.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513063521/http://forums.vietbao.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=28614&#348809 |date=2007-05-13 }} or in [https://web.archive.org/web/20050512031344/http://www.vpac-usa.org/flag/The%20National%20Flag%20of%20VN.pdf PDF], {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050512031344/http://www.vpac-usa.org/flag/The%20National%20Flag%20of%20VN.pdf |date=May 12, 2005 }}</ref> || The story behind this flag was fabricated by Nguyễn Đình Sài, a former member of the anti-Communist organization [[Việt Tân]], who wrote the "Quốc Kỳ Việt Nam: Nguồn Gốc và Lẽ Chính Thống” (The National Flag of Viet Nam: Its Origin and Legitimacy) in September 2004. To back up his claim, Nguyền Đình Sài cited a webpage from ''Worldstatesmen'' website by ​Ben Cahoon, an [[Americans|American]] researcher affiliated with [[University of Connecticut]]. However, Nguyễn Đình Sài admitted Cahoon "did not name any specific documents" for Cahoon's claim that the yellow flag with three red stripes was used between 1890-1920.<ref name="False-Thành-Thái-flag">{{cite web|url= http://vanviet.info/tu-lieu/co-vng-soc-do-c-tu-thoi-vua-thnh-thi/|title= CỜ VÀNG SỌC ĐỎ CÓ TỪ THỜI VUA THÀNH THÁI?|quote=Vậy có thể kết luận, việc cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ (dù là quốc kỳ hay hoàng kỳ) có từ thời nhà Nguyễn hay từ thời Thành Thái có thể coi là một tin đồn vô căn cứ, và không hề có là quốc kỳ đó trước khi Quốc Gia Việt Nam được thiết lập năm 1948. Không nên vì nhân danh đấu tranh cho chính nghĩa mà dùng những ngụy tạo theo kiểu anh hùng Lê Văn Tám để bảo vệ quan điểm của mình. Làm như vậy không những vi phạm đạo đức mà còn không chóng thì chầy sẽ bị “backfire” (tác dụng ngược). Translation: "Therefore, it can be concluded that [the rumour about] the yellow flag with three red stripes (as either national flag or imperial flag) existing since the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] or [[Thành Thái]]'s reign can be considered a baseless rumour, and there existed no such flag before the [[State of Vietnam]]'s establishment in 1948. [One] should not, in the name of fighting for justice, use the fabrications (in the style of the "Hero Lê Văn Tám") to defend [one's] own viewpoints. Doing so is not only a violation of [[academic integrity]], but will, sooner or later, 'backfire' (have the opposite effect)".|date=5 December 2014|accessdate=19 August 2021|author= Phạm Quang Tuấn|publisher= Văn Việt |language=vi}}</ref> The reason why Nguyễn Đình Sài fabricated this story was so he could give the South Vietnamese flag more historical legitimacy by connecting it with anti-French resistance and national pride decades before it actually existed, as well as to legitimise the symbols used by South Vietnam.<ref name="False-Thành-Thái-flag"/>
|}
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Revision as of 08:52, 23 August 2021

The following is a list of flags of Vietnam.[1][2]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flags of Vietnam.

National flag

Main article: Flag of Vietnam

Current

Flag Date Use Description
July 2, 1976 – present State flag and civil ensign. A large yellow star centered on a red field (2:3).

Historical

Flag Date Use Description
Apr. 30, 1975 - Jul. 2, 1976 Flag of the Republic of South Vietnam. A yellow star on the red and blue background. Influences:
Nov. 30, 1955 - Jul. 2, 1976 Flag of North Vietnam. A large yellow star centered on the red field (2:3). Influences:
Jul. 2, 1949 - Oct. 26, 1955
Oct. 26, 1955 - Apr. 30, 1975		 Flag of the State of Vietnam and then South Vietnam. A yellow field with three red stripes (2:3).
May 27, 1948 - Jul. 2, 1949 Flag of the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam what was designed by painter Lê Văn Đệ and adopted by Emperor Bảo Đại in 1948.[3] A yellow field with three red stripes (2:3).Influences:
Sep. 2, 1945 - Feb. 18, 1947
Oc. 1, 1954 - Nov. 30, 1955		 Flag of Democratic Republic of Vietnam. A large yellow star centered on the red field (2:3).
May 8 – Au. 30, 1945 Flag of the Empire of Vietnam. A yellow field with three red stripes. The stripes represent the Quẻ Ly, or Li trigram (☲). Influences:
Apr. 17 - May 8, 1945 Flag of the Empire of Vietnam. Yellow field with gold border (2:3). Influences:
Mar. 11 - Apr. 17, 1945 Flag of the Empire of Vietnam. A yellow field with a single red stripe (1:2). Influences:
1923 - Mar. 9, 1945 The French protectorate flag of Annam and Tonkin. French flag canton on a yellow field (2:3). Influences:
1885 - 1890 The provisional flag of the Empire of Đại Nam. National name centered on the yellow field (2:3). Influences:
1858 - 1885 The diplomatic flag of Empire of Đại Nam.[4] Yellow field with gold border (2:3).

Imperial standards

Flag Duration Use Name/Description
1802–1885 Flag of emperors Gia Long and Tự Đức. This was originally the personal banner of Emperor Gia Long (r. 1802–1820). It was used as a national flag beginning in 1863. The Long tinh kỳ or Dragon Star Flag.[5] Influences: Yellow is the imperial color. ["Emperor" is hoàng đế (皇帝). Hoàng (黃) is Sino-Vietnamese for "yellow".] The color red is connected to "south".
1885–1890 Flag of emperor Đồng Khánh Đại Nam Đế Kỳ[5] (Personal standard of the Emperor of Đại Nam). Đại Nam (大南, great south) was the official name of Vietnam at this time.
1890–1920 Flag of emperors Thành Thái, Duy Tân and Khải Định A red field with a single yellow stripe. Referred to as the Long tinh or Dragon Star Flag.[5]
1920–1945 Flag of emperors Khải Định and Bảo Đại A yellow field with a single red stripe. Referred to as the Long tinh or Dragon Star Flag.[5]
May 8 – August 30, 1945 Flag of emperor Bảo Đại A yellow field with a single red stripe. Referred to as the Long tinh or Dragon Star Flag.[5]

Personal standards of emperors

Flag Duration Use Name/Description
1821–1922 Standard of emperor Nguyễn Thánh Tổ Yellow field with gold border.
1922–1945 Personal standard of emperors Khải Định and Bảo Đại Flag ratio: 2:3.
1802–1945 Imperial pennon of Nguyễn dynasty Flag ratio: 1:2.
1948–1955 Personal standard of State Chief Bảo Đại Flag ratio: 2:3. Influences:

Presidential standards

Flag Duration Use Name/Description
1955–1963 Presidential Standard of the First Vietnamese Republic Yellow field with green bamboo on the top, and the red inscription "Tiết-trực tâm-hư" (節直心虛, honest and modest) on the bottom.[6]
1964–1975 Presidential Standard of the Second Vietnamese Republic White field with the coat of arms of the Republic of Vietnam on the middle.[6]

Political flags

Flag Duration Use Name/Description
1910–1930 Flag of the Indochinese Constitutionalist Party. A yellow field with a red cross in its centre extending to all corners.
1925–1930 Flag of the Tân Việt Revolutionary Party.
1929–1945 Flag of the Vietnamese Nationalist Party.
1930– Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Influences:
1931—1946 Flag of the Trotskyist League of Vietnam.
1939–1951 Flag of the Vietnam National Restoration League. Influences:
1941–1951 Flag of the League for the Independence of Vietnam. A yellow star centered on a red field. Influences:
1942–1946 Flag of the Vietnam Revolutionary League. Influences:
1939– Flag of the Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam. Influences:
1945– Flag of the Vietnamese Nationalist Party. Influences:
1943–1947 Flag of the Đại Việt Populist Revolutionary Party.
1943–1947 Variant flag of the Đại Việt Populist Revolutionary Party.
1945 Flag of the Vanguard Youth. A red star centered on a yellow field.
1945 Flag of the Vietnam National Independence Party. A tricolour with the colours yellow-blue-yellow.
1954–1963 Flag of the Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party.
1958–1964 Flag of the BAJARAKA.
1960–1977 Flag of the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam. Influences:
1964–1992 Flag of the FULRO.[a]
1964–1992 Flag of the FULRO, Variant flag.[b]
Flag of the New Greater Viet Party. Influences:
1964–1985 Flag of the Liberation Front of Kampuchea Krom.
1964– Flag of the Front for the Liberation of Central Highlands.
1965– Flag of the Greater Viet Revolutionary Party. Influences:
1967—1975 Flag of the National Social Democratic Front. A red star centered on a yellow field.
1973 Flag of the Four Power Joint Military Commission.[7][8][c] A black Arabic number "4" (four) centered on a square red field.
1968–1977 Flag of the Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peace Forces. Influences:
1981– Flag of the Coalition of Vietnam Nationalist Parties.
1981– Flag of the Alliance for Democracy in Vietnam. Influences:
1982— Flag of the Reform Revolutionary Party of Vietnam.
1991— Flag of the People's Action Party of Vietnam. Influences:
1993— Flag of the Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League. Influences:
1993— Flag of the Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League, variant flag. Influences:
2003– Flag of the Big Dipper Union.
2003– Flag of the Vietnamese National Party. Influences:
2006– Flag of the Democratic Party of Vietnam.
2006– Flag of the Vietnam Populist Party / For the People Party.

Religious flags

Military flags

Further information: List of flags of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces
Flag Date Use Description
Current
1955–present Flag of People's Army of Vietnam

(Socialist Republic of Vietnam war flag)

A yellow star centered on a red field, and yellow inspection "Quyết thắng" (determined to win) in the upper canton (2:3).
1955–present Reverse side of the Flag of People's Army of Vietnam

(Socialist Republic of Vietnam war flag)

A yellow star centered on a red field, and yellow inspection "Quyết thắng" (determined to win) in the upper canton (2:3).
1955–present Flag of Vietnam People's Navy Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name in the bottom.
1958–present Flag of Vietnam Border Guard Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name in the bottom.
1959–present Flag of the Vietnam People's Air Force Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name in the bottom.
1958–present Flag of Vietnam Information and Communications Force Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name in the bottom.
Historical
1961–1976 Flag of the People's Liberation Armed Forces of the Liberation Army of South Vietnam.[9] A yellow star centered on a red and blue field, and yellow inspection "Quyết thắng" (determined to win) in the upper canton (2:3). Influences:
1955–1975 Republic of Vietnam War flag. Yellow flag with three stripes, and the emblem (gold eagle) in the middle (3:4). Influences:
1955–1975 Flag of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces Flag ratio: 3:4.
1955–1975 Flag of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Flag ratio: 3:4.
1952–1975 Flag of the Republic of Vietnam Navy Flag ratio: 2:3.
1955–1975 Flag of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force Flag ratio: 2:3.
1968–1975 Flag of Republic of Vietnam Marine Division Flag ratio: 2:3.
1949–1955 Flag of Vietnamese National Army Yellow flag with three stripes, and the name of State of Vietnam (3:4). Influences:
1923 – March 9, 1945 Flag of Tirailleurs indochinois French tricolor canton on a yellow field (1:1). Influences:
Flag of the royal cavalry of the Nguyễn dynasty.[10] Influences:
1912–1925 Flag of the Việt Nam Quang phục quân (the military-wing of the Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội). Influences:
Flag of the Army of the Nguyễn dynasty.[11][12]

Police flags

Flag Date Use Description
Current
1945–present Flag of the Vietnam People's Public Security A yellow star centered on a red field, and yellow inspection "Bảo vệ an ninh tổ quốc" (Protecting the Fatherland's Security) in the upper canton (2:3).
Historical
1955–1975 Flag of Republic of Vietnam National Police[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] A green flag with the motto "Tổ quốc, Công minh – Liêm chính" (Fatherland, Justice – Integrity) in the top, the police badge in the middle, and the name "Cảnh sát Quốc gia" (National Police) in the bottom (2:3).

Ensigns

Further information: List of ensigns of Vietnam
Flag Date Use Description
1802–1885 Ensign[2] of the Nguyễn dynasty Flag ratio is 3:5.
1923–1945,
1945–1949		 Civil and Naval Ensign of French Indochina A yellow ensign with the French tricolor in the canton and swallow tail. (proportions 1:2). Influences:
1952–1975 Naval Ensign of the State of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam Yellow field with three red stripes and an anchor in the middle (2:3). Influences:
1956–1975 Flag of Saint Trần.[20][d] Flag ratio is 2:2.
1975-2014 Naval ensign of the Vietnam People's Navy A white flag with an emblem of Vietnam People's Navy in the top and a blue strip below (2:3).[21]Influences:
2014–present Naval ensign of the Vietnam People's Navy A white flag with an emblem of Vietnam People's Navy in the top and a blue strip below (2:3).[21]Influences:

Flags of Vietnamese subjects

Provinces

Further information: Flags of the Nguyen dynasty's administrative units

Areas with special status and ethnic minorities

Flag Duration Use Name/Description
1946 Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina. A yellow field with two yellow strips and three blue strips.
1946–1948 Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina.[22] A yellow field with two white strips and three blue strips. Influences:
1888–1889 Flag of the Kingdom of Sedang[23] A white maltese cross centered on a blue field.
1888–1889 Flag of the Kingdom of Sedang (1927 Bulletin des Amis du Vieux-Huế variant).[24] Light blue in colour with a red cross of Malta and in its centre a white star, alternatively it could have been red in colour with a blue cross of Malta and a white star.[e]
1888–1889 Flag of the Kingdom of Sedang (K. Fachinger variant).[25] Blue with a white St. George's cross and a red star.
1888–1889 Flag of the Kingdom of Sedang (Vexilla Belgica variant). A light blue flag with a white cross of Malta.[f]
1889–1897 Flag of the Confederation of Sedang. Influences:
1944–1953 Flag of the Tai Dón people[26][27] A large red square centered on a yellow field (2:3).
1946–1950 Flag of the Montagnard country of South Indochina Influences:
1946–1950 Flag of Tai Autonomous Territory Influences:
1950–1955 Flag of Sip Song Chau Tai[28] A vertical tricolour of blue, white, and red: One white stripe is between two blue stripes, a red star with 16 rays is in white field. Influences:
1947–1954 Flag of the Nùng Autonomous Territory[26] Influences:
1947–1954 Flag of the Thổ Autonomous Territory (Tay people). Flag ratio: 2:3.
1947–1954 Flag of the Mường Autonomous Territory (Mường people).[29][26] A large white pentagram centered on a green field (2:3). Influences:
?–1975 Flag of Khmer Mountain Tribes[30] A green field with a white star what has 16 rays charged in the left.
? Flag of the Front de Lutte du Kampuchea Krom (FLKK). Influences:
1964–1965 Flag of Republic of Central Highlands and Champa[31] Influences:
1962-1964 Flag of Front for the Liberation of Champa Flag ratio: 2:3.
March 1964–? Flag of the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux (FLHP).[32] Influences:
? Flag of Lahu Flag ratio: 3:5. Influences:
1969–1976 Flag of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. A yellow star on a red and blue background. Influences:
1969–? Flag of the Movement for Unity of the Southern Highland Ethnic Minorities (MUSHEN).[g] Three equal stripes of green (top), yellow, and red. These colours stood respectively for the mountains and jungles of the Highlands, the (South) Vietnamese national color, and the spirit of common struggle on behalf of the fatherland.[33]
1985–? Flag of Khmer Krom Rectangular tricolour with three equal-size horizontal bands: the upper one is blue, the middle yellow, and the lower red (3:5). Influences:
1986– Flag of the Save The Montagnard People.[h] The 1986 flag of Save the Montagnard People organisation in Greensboro, North Carolina which is supposed to be the flag of all Montagnard / Dega people, was modeled after the earlier flag used by the Movement for Unity of the Southern Highland Ethnic Minorities (MUSHEN) in the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. The significant difference might be the removal of the yellow colour because it's associated with the Vietnamese. The golden band represents a montagnard bracelet.[i] Influences:
1987– Flag of the Montagnard Degar Association (MDA). Based on the above flag but the bracelet is a full ring. Influences:
1990– Flag or the Degar Foundation.
2000– Flag of the International Office of Champa for the Cham people.
2000–2010 Flag of the United Montagnard People (UMP).
Flag of the Council for the Socio-Cultural Development of Champa. A vertical tricolour with the colours blue, green, and red and a photograph of a yellowish-white flower (Plumeria alba) in the middle (green) field.[j] Ratio 3:5.
2000s– Flag of the United Montagnard Republic, a claimed exiled southern Montagnard government.[34] Seven horizontal stripes, the inner four stripes are white, the outer two are green, while the two stripes in its centre are coloured red (that is: Green-white-red-white-red-white-green). On its upper left area is a squarish canton which takes up five stripes, the canton is blue in colour with a thin yellow Latin cross, representing Protestant Christianity, connected to a laying double concave lens shape that extends to all the sides of the canton.[k]
? Flag of the Chinese Nùng people. A vertical tricolour with the colours green-red-green and the coat of arms of the Nùng Autonomous Territory in its centre. Influences:

Historical flags

Further information: History of Vietnam
Flag Duration Use Name/Description
1702–1705 Flag of Poulo Condor[35] under the English East India Company Prior to the Acts of Union which created the Kingdom of Great Britain, the flag contained the St George's Cross in the canton representing the Kingdom of England. Influences:
1771–1778 Flag of Tây Sơn uprising Red field with yellow border.
1863 Flag of the Diplomatic Delegation of Annam from Red Sea to France. Yellow field with four red word "Đại-Nam khâm-sứ" (大南欽使). Influences:
1887–1923 Flag of French colonial empire A vertical tricolour of blue, white, and red.
1917 Flag of Empire of Daihung[36] Five red round-stars centered on a yellow field.
1923 – March 9, 1945,
September 23, 1945 – 1953		 The protectorate flag of Annam French flag canton on a yellow field. Influences:
1912–1925 Flag of the Republic of Vietnam (越南民國) proclaimed by the Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội. A red flag with a canton containing five white round-stars centered on a dark blue field. Influences:
1930–? Flag of the Vietnamese Scout Association.
1930–1931 Flag of the Red Guards (Nghe-Tinh Revolt) Flag ratio: 2:3. Influences:
15 January 1931 Flag of the Indochinese Communist Party used at Vinh, Nghệ An.[37] The traditional Chinese characters "黨共產東洋" (Đảng Cộng sản Đông Dương) surrounding a hammer and a sickle. Slogans: 1 ° Increase in wages, reduction of the working day, reinstatement of the 21 workers made redundant; 2 ° Punishment of the bourgeoisie and mandarins who harm the masses. Influences:
1936–1945 Flag of the Enlightenment Union[38] Flag ratio: 2:3.
1936–1945 Variant flag of the Enlightenment Union.[37] Flag ratio: 2:3.
1938–1940 Proposed flag for Vietnam by the Vietnam National Restoration League. The word "King" (王, Vương) symbolises the constitutional monarchy.[l] A red background symbolises struggle for independence. A white background symbolises "cleanliness of the people".
1944–1945 Flag of the Đại Việt Quốc Gia Liên minh.[37] A yellow field with three red stars.
March 9 – August 14, 1945 Flag of Empire of Japan Flag ratio: 7:10. Disc is shifted 1% towards the hoist (left).
March 11 – April 17, 1945 Flag of the Empire of Vietnam A yellow field with a single red stripe.
April 17 – May 8, 1945 Flag of the Empire of Vietnam Yellow field with gold border.
May 8 – August 30, 1945 Flag of the Empire of Vietnam A yellow field with three red stripes. The stripes represent the Quẻ Ly, or Li trigram (☲).
1945–1960 Flag of Bình Xuyên A dark red banner and a small blue banner inside, a small yellow star centered on a blue banner (2:3). Influences:
June 2, 1948 – April 30, 1975 Flag of the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948–1949), the State of Vietnam (1949–1955) and South Vietnam (1955–1975) A yellow field with three red stripes (2:3), designed by painter Lê Văn Đệ[39] and adopted by Bảo Đại in 1948.[40][41] Influences:
September 2, 1945 – February 18, 1947,
October 10, 1954 – November 30, 1955		 Flag of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Northern Vietnam A red field with a large yellow star.
November 30, 1955 – present Flag of Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1955–1976) and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present) A red field with a large yellow star. Influences:
1929–1946 Flag of Vietnamese Revolutionary Army, used at Yên Bái mutiny[42] Two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom). Influences:
1929–1946 Flag of Vietnamese Revolutionary Army, used at Yên Bái mutiny[42] Two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom). Influences:
1961–1963 Flag of Vietnamese Republican Youth Movement (Thanh Nữ Cộng Hòa) Flag ratio is 2:3.
1965–1970 Flag of 4-T Union[43] A large green four-leaf clover centered on a white field.
1968–1973 Flag of National Progressive Movement[44] Two horizontal red stripes enveloping a horizontal yellow stripe. The red arrow in the middle of the yellow stripe. Influences:

Misattributed flags

This is a list of incorrect or fictitious flags which have been reported on as being factual and/or historical flags of Vietnam by contemporary or otherwise reputable sources.

"Flag of Cochinchina"

Flag Supposed date Supposed use Description Origin of the misattribution
Flag of Cochinchina.[45] Likely an imperial Chinese banner featuring various imperial Chinese symbols such as the yin-yang symbol in the form of a spiral, imperial dragon, a Manchu man, a number of monsters, among other symbols. Later it was claimed to be the flag of Cochinchina instead of China.
1868–1945 Flag of French Cochinchina (sometimes as the flag of Annam).[45][46] A rectangular flag with many black triangles, resembling a serrated ribbon typically found on Imperial Chinese and Vietnamese flags, surrounding a yellow interior. Likely based on an old imperial Vietnamese (or Chinese) flag where the Europeans didn't know that the flag had a serrated ribbon and "filled it in" as a rectangle. The black triangles are sometimes blue or green based on different interpretations. It was first described in the year 1825 and is still present on early 20th century depictions. However, the hydrographic service of the French navy, already in the charter of 1889, doesn't mention it; it is therefore believed that the existence of this flag, if it ever was authentic, does not go beyond 1883.[47]
1868–1945 Naval Ensign of Cochinchina. Influences: See above.

Others

Flag Supposed date Supposed use Description Origin of the misattribution
1885–1890 Flag of emperor Đồng Khánh. Influences: An incorrect reading of the Chinese characters Đại Nam (大南, great south) by Europeans with no experience with the script.
NA Flag of the French protectorate of Tonkin Is actually the flag of Tonga.

Flag construction sheets

Flag Use
National flag of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and later the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Flag of South Vietnam.
Flag of the Taï Autonomous Territory (Sip Song Chau Tai).
First flag of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina.
Second flag of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The top stripe was blue to symbolise the sea. The central stripe of the flag was the colour red, to symbolise the struggle of three ethnic groups (Montagnards/Degar, Chams and Khmer Krom) which were represented by three white stars. And the bottom stripe was green to symbolise the mountains of inland Vietnam.
  2. ^ The blue colour was changed into black in this version to symbolise the minorities' loss of the coastal areas and their restriction to the inland mountains, which were represented by the colour green.
  3. ^ During the final days of the Vietnam War for the critical transition from a period warfare and conflict to peace, the Accords empowered three different commissions to oversee the implementation phase and resolve any differences between the belligerent powers. The Four-Power Joint Military Commission (JMC) represented each belligerent: on one side the United States and South Vietnam, and on the other side North Vietnam and the Việt Cộng. After the 60-day cease-fire, this newly established commission would, in theory, shed its protective outer garment (United States and North Vietnam) and would then become the Two-Power Joint Military Commission, an insular body representing the interests of both the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG, the Việt Cộng).
  4. ^ Unofficial flag that was at times used by the armed forces of South Vietnam.
  5. ^ The original photograph was black and white.
  6. ^ As reported by the fathers involved who joined the Charles-Marie (David) de Mayréna mission into the jungles.
  7. ^ Also known by the name of the Movement for the Unity of Ethnic Groups of South Viet-Nam.
  8. ^ Save The Montagnard People, Inc. is a United States-based organisation with addresses all over the Eastern U.S. and run also by the former Green Berets.
  9. ^ Montagnard bracelets are often referred to as "kong" or "kong te". The symbols in general are supposed to represent the following:
    • - Green - mountains and forest
    • - White - peace and honesty
    • - Red - blood and struggle
    • - Elephant - gentle and powerful.
  10. ^ Note that the official flag uses an actual photograph of the flower and not a mere illustration representing a flower and that the flag is described by the organisation as "the flag of the Cham people" or sometimes "the flag of the Cham diaspora".
  11. ^ The addition of Protestant Christian imagery is likely due to the mass conversion of Southern Montagnard people to Protestantism following them reconnecting with their family members that make up the Montagnard diaspora in the United States of America, a majority Protestant nation.
  12. ^ Despite fact that the monarchs of the Nguyễn dynasty were officially titled Hoàng Đế (黃帝, "Emperor") they were commonly referred to as Vương (王, "King") and/or Vua (君, "Sovereign") by the common people.

References

  1. ^ Becker-Khaleel, B; Schlick, K. (1995-12-01). "324 Building REC and HLV Tank Closure Plan". doi:10.2172/204127. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ a b Marine drapeau pavillon Chine - Japon - Cochinchine - Corée litho 1858(Wikimedia Commons). Not in the source given.
  3. ^ Chế độ Cộng sản Việt Nam (2013-06-04). "Tìm lại những lá cờ hoàng gia xưa ở Việt Nam". Kỷ vật lịch sử. Cuộc vận động Sưu tầm và Tuyên truyền Kỷ vật lịch sử Công an Nhân dân. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-09-25.
  4. ^ L'illustration : journal universel. v.32 (July-Dec 1858) 1
  5. ^ a b c d e Picking up old royal standards in Vietnam, Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b "vietnam altre". www.rbvex.it.
  7. ^ G.R. Dunham & D.A. Quinlan. 1990. U.S. Marines in Vietnam - The Bitter End - 1973-1975. Retrieved: 12 July 2021.
  8. ^ Smith's Flags Through the Ages and Across the World (1975). Page . 300 (International flags). Quote: "The flags opposite have been presented in a single shape and size. The correct proportions however are provided below each flag." The flag of the Four Power Joint Military Commission is labelled with 1:1 proportions, therefore square.
  9. ^ "Lược thuật cờ quân sự tại Việt Nam". web.archive.org. December 1, 2013.
  10. ^ Hymnes et pavillons d'Indochine (1941). Publisher: Imprimerie d’Extreme Orient, Hanoi, Tonkin, French Indochina. Page: 25. (in French).
  11. ^ Alain R. Truong (16 October 2013). ""INDOCHINE. DES TERRITOIRES ET DES HOMMES, 1856-1956" au Musée de l'Armée, Hotel des Invalides. Le Prince Canh (1780-1801), prince-héritier et fils du « roi» de Cochinchine Nguyen Anh (futur Empereur Gia Long), lors de sa visite en France pour la signature du traité de Versailles 1787 - Maupérin © Paris, Missions étrangères de Paris" (in French). Canalblog. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  12. ^ Anne-Sylvaine Marre-Noël (photograph) (15 September 2017). "Animaux & guerres, épisode 10 : Le tigre" (in French). Musée de l'Armée. Retrieved 31 July 2021. Ce pavillon orné d'un tigre blanc a été ramené du Tonkin par l'armée française en 1885, avec huit autres drapeaux. Il est présenté sur l'une des corniches de la cathédrale Saint-Louis-des-Invalides. Les Pavillons noirs ont joué un rôle dans l'opposition à l'impérialisme français au Tonkin à la fin du XIXe siècle. Symbole de la domination et de la férocité pour les Chinois, le tigre blanc représente aussi l'ouest dans les points cardinaux ainsi qu'un des douze signes du zodiaque chinois. Il figure sur le carré des mandarins militaires du 4e rang (sur 9 rangs). Il est enfin associé à l'automne et à la couleur blanche dans les cinq éléments chinois.
  13. ^ Thuat, Biệt Kích Nha Kỹ (August 7, 2011). "Biệt Kích Nha Kỹ Thuật: Đại Nhạc Hội Cám Ơn Anh Kỳ 5 / 2011 Nam California".
  14. ^ Chien, Thoi Chinh (June 11, 2012). "Sinh Hoạt QLVNCH: Đại Nhạc Hội Cám Ơn Anh Kỳ 6 ngày 12 tháng 8 năm 2012".
  15. ^ "Hình Đại nhạc hội CÁM ƠN ANH kỳ 6 - VọngNgàyXanh". vongngayxanh.canalblog.com. August 16, 2012.
  16. ^ "Lễ vinh danh Quân lực Việt Nam Cộng hòa". Archived from the original on December 6, 2013.
  17. ^ "Hội ái hữu CSQG Georgia - 2009".
  18. ^ "Hội ái hữu CSQG Georgia".
  19. ^ "Hội CSQG San Diego 2010".
  20. ^ CRW Flags - Saint Tran (Viet Nam) - Trần Quốc Tuấn. Retrieved: 13 July 2021.
  21. ^ a b "Uy nghiêm lễ thượng cờ trên tàu ngầm Kilo đầu tiên của Việt Nam - Thời sự - Dân Việt". web.archive.org. January 17, 2014.
  22. ^ Indomemoires (Memoires de l'Indochine) - LE DRAPEAU DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE AUTONOME DE COCHINCHINE 1946-1948. - 03/10/2016 - INDOMEMOIRES. Retrieved: 10 July 2021. (in French).
  23. ^ "Sedang Resurgo (Second Anniversary of the Regency)". www.sedang.org.
  24. ^ Bulletin des Amis du Vieux-Huế, #1-2 (January-June 1927) published by J. Marquet. Huế (in French).
  25. ^ H. Calvarin and M. Corbic in Francia Vexillae #14/60 (June 1999). Quote: "Flag: plain blue, with white cross bearing in its center a red star.".
  26. ^ a b c "Resources and Information". ww16.ttxva.net.
  27. ^ "Resources and Information". ww16.ttxva.net.
  28. ^ "Tai Dam - Viet Nam". www.crwflags.com.
  29. ^ Thomas A. Cseh & John Sylvester Jr - The Flag Bulletin #190 1999. Quote: "Green flag with a five-pointed white-outline star similar to that of Morocco, the five points represented the five districts of the Mnong area". Note: "The similarity of their ethnic flag to the Moroccan one can be explained by the presence of the large numbers of the Moroccan troops in the Highlands during the French Indochina wars of 1950s.".
  30. ^ Title: Flags of Aspirant Peoples - Medium: chart - Main author(s): John Edwards; Ralph G. C. Bartlett - Edition (publisher: place): Flag Society of Australia (Australia) - Language: English - Edition date: 1994 (1st ed.) - Format: 82×60 cm.
  31. ^ The chart Flags of Aspirant Peoples shows this flag as: 165. "Champa Independent Republic, 1965 (Chams) - Central Vietnam." (image).
  32. ^ Indomemoires (Memoires de l'Indochine) - DU FLM AU FULRO, UNE LUTTE DES MINORITÉS DU SUD INDOCHINOIS – CR DE LECTURE PAR P.-E. BACHELET - 26/02/2013 - INDOMEMOIRES. Retrieved: 10 July 2021. (in French).
  33. ^ L. Philippe - Association Internationale d'Etudes Internationales de vexillogie - IV-1.9, Paris, France (1975).
  34. ^ Một nhóm Tin lành người Thượng trốn sang Campuchea - Union of Catholic Asian News websites (vietnam.ucanews.com).
  35. ^ "Vietnam". worldstatesmen.org.
  36. ^ "Quoc ky dau tien". chimviet.free.fr.
  37. ^ a b c Indomemoires - Aperçu illustré sur les organisations politiques, religieuses et culturelles vietnamiennes contemporaines - 08/03/2017 - indomemoires 2 commentaires. Access date: 8 July 2021. (in French).
  38. ^ "Phong trào Nhà Ánh Sáng của Tự Lực văn đoàn". Archived from the original on January 2, 2017.
  39. ^ Quang Phòng, Tuy Trà̂n, Quang Viet Mỹ thuật hiện đại Việt Nam 1996 "Entretemps, au Sud, le 31 Décembre 1954, le peintre Le Van De avait établi l'École supérieure nationale des Beaux Arts de "
  40. ^ Chế độ Cộng sản Việt Nam (2013-06-04). "Tìm lại những lá cờ hoàng gia xưa ở Việt Nam". Kỷ vật lịch sử. Cuộc vận động Sưu tầm và Tuyên truyền Kỷ vật lịch sử Công an Nhân dân. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-09-25.
  41. ^ Réalités vietnamiennes (Les réalités permanentes), Saigon, 1969, p. 52 (in French).
  42. ^ a b 10 tháng 2 năm 2013 : 83 năm cuộc Khởi nghĩa Yên Bái bùng nổ
  43. ^ "Tên miền đẹp TemViet.com tại Mua Bán Tên Miền". Tên Miền Đẹp.
  44. ^ "Progressive Nationalist Movement (Historical)". www.crwflags.com.
  45. ^ a b CRW Flags - Cochinchina (Indochina). Retrieved: 13 July 2021.
  46. ^ Cochin-China, Woven Silk Tobacco Premium Flag, 1910
  47. ^ Roberto Breschi - Indochina § "Cocincina", "Cochinchine", c. 1825-c. 1883. Retrieved: 15 July 2021. (in Italian).
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