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Coordinates: 19°18′26″S 146°43′54″E / 19.30722°S 146.73167°E / -19.30722; 146.73167
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From the 1960s onwards, significant suburban development and growth took place in the area and Council business was preoccupied with providing new facilities and infrastructure. In 1979, a new Shire administration centre was constructed, moving it back into the local area, and on 1 January 1986, the Shire became a City.<ref name="TCC history"/>
From the 1960s onwards, significant suburban development and growth took place in the area and Council business was preoccupied with providing new facilities and infrastructure. In 1979, a new Shire administration centre was constructed, moving it back into the local area, and on 1 January 1986, the Shire became a City.<ref name="TCC history"/>

In 2008 Thurigowa council Amalgamated with the Townsville council to from the new Townsville city Council.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Thuringowa has grown in population rapidly, and is one of the fastest growing cities in Australia.<ref>[http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/atlas/history_4.asp Townsville Region: A Social Atlas - Townsville City Council<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The population has increased from 26,000 in 1986 to over 63,000 as of 2007.
Thuringowa had grown in population rapidly, and was one of the fastest growing cities in Australia.<ref>[http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/atlas/history_4.asp Townsville Region: A Social Atlas - Townsville City Council<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The population has increased from 26,000 in 1986 to over 63,000 as of 2007.
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==Economy==
==Economy==
Recently a new $1 billion 5,000-lot housing estate was announced for the northern part of the city, just off the [[Bruce Highway]]. It is the biggest ever planned housing estate in North Queensland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunshinepacific.com.au/index.php?page=newsmore&nid=16|title=Thuringowa population and Housing estate}}</ref> Although primarily a residential area, Thuringowa does include several significant industrial and commercial enterprises, notably the [[Yabulu]] nickel refinery.
Recently a new $1 billion 5,000-lot housing estate was announced for the northern part of the city, just off the [[Bruce Highway]]. It will be the biggest ever planned housing estate in North Queensland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunshinepacific.com.au/index.php?page=newsmore&nid=16|title=Thuringowa population and Housing estate}}</ref> Although primarily a residential area, Thuringowa does include several significant industrial and commercial enterprises, notably the [[Yabulu]] nickel refinery.


==Tourism, Sport and recreation==
==Tourism, Sport and recreation==
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''More: {{wikitravel|Thuringowa}}''
''More: {{wikitravel|Thuringowa}}''
''See also: [[Suburbs of Thuringowa City]]''
''See also: [[Suburbs of Thuringowa City|Former Suburbs of Thuringowa]]''


==Facilities and Services==
==Facilities and Services==
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===Health Services===
===Health Services===
Thuringowa is serviced by 3 Townsville-based hospitals, after its only hospital was incorporated into [[Townsville Hospital]] in 2002.<ref>[http://www.health.qld.gov.au/townsville/Facilities/tville_hosp.asp The Townsville Hospital<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Thuringowa does have a number of medical centres and doctor surgeries, including [[Kirwan health campus, Thuringowa|Kirwan Health Campus]], which was formerly Thuringowa's only hospital.<ref>[http://www.health.qld.gov.au/townsville/Services/KirwanHealthCampus.asp Kirwan Health Campus - list of Services<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Thuringowa was serviced by 3 Townsville-based hospitals, after its only hospital was incorporated into [[Townsville Hospital]] in 2002.<ref>[http://www.health.qld.gov.au/townsville/Facilities/tville_hosp.asp The Townsville Hospital<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Thuringowa did have a number of medical centres and doctor surgeries, including [[Kirwan health campus, Thuringowa|Kirwan Health Campus]], which was formerly Thuringowa's only hospital.<ref>[http://www.health.qld.gov.au/townsville/Services/KirwanHealthCampus.asp Kirwan Health Campus - list of Services<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


The Thuringowa City Council found that with the increasing number of people moving to the northern beaches area a medical centre was needed in that area, so the Bluewater Medical Practice was built.<ref>[http://www.tdgp.com.au/bluewater.shtml TGPN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The beachside community of Bushland Beach has also seen a large increase of residents so this medical centre opened on January 23, 2006.<ref>[http://www.tdgp.com.au/bushlandbeach.shtml TGPN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
The Thuringowa City Council found that with the increasing number of people moving to the northern beaches area a medical centre was needed in that area, so the Bluewater Medical Practice was built.<ref>[http://www.tdgp.com.au/bluewater.shtml TGPN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The beachside community of Bushland Beach has also seen a large increase of residents so this medical centre opened on January 23, 2006.<ref>[http://www.tdgp.com.au/bushlandbeach.shtml TGPN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


===Media===
===Media===
Most of Thuringowa's media services such as TV, radio and newspapers are Townsville-based. However Thuringowa does have several small publications including; ''The Thuringowan'' and ''DUO Magazine'' other local publications include ''The Sun Newspaper'', ''The Townsville Bulletin'' and ''The Express''.<br>
Most of Thuringowa's media services such as TV, radio and newspapers where Townsville-based. However Thuringowa did have several small publications including; ''The Thuringowan'' and ''DUO Magazine'' other local publications include ''The Sun Newspaper'', ''The Townsville Bulletin'' and ''The Express''.<br>
For more details on media See: [[Media in Townsville|media in Townsville and Thuringowa.]]
For more details on media See: [[Media in Townsville|media in Townsville/Thuringowa.]]


===Transport===
===Transport===
Thuringowa is serviced by many major arterial routes as well as numerous state routes. The Northern Beaches district is serviced by the A1 ([[Bruce Highway]]) or the [[Highway 1 (Australia)|National Highway 1]].
Thuringowa was serviced by many major arterial routes as well as numerous state routes. The Northern Beaches district is serviced by the A1 ([[Bruce Highway]]) or the [[Highway 1 (Australia)|National Highway 1]].


Urban Thuringowa will become part of the A1 route, as the [[Townsville/Thuringowa Ring Road]] will become the new National Highway route through the city.<ref>[http://www.mainroads.qld.gov.au/MRWEB/PROD/Content.nsf/DOCINDEX/The+Ring+Road+Sections+2+and+3+(Shaw+Road+and+Condon+Sections)?OpenDocument Queensland Department of Main Roads<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The first stage, the 5.3 km [[Douglas Arterial Road]], opened to traffic in April 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mainroads.qld.gov.au/MRWEB/Prod/Content.nsf/PFREDIRECTOR/0FF4B42ABBAB99D14A25703D007F4952?OpenDocument|title=The Ring Road (Douglas Section) - Frequently asked questions|author=Department of Main Roads (QLD)|accessdate=2006-12-14}}</ref>
Urban Thuringowa was to become part of the A1 route, as the [[Townsville/Thuringowa Ring Road]] will become the new National Highway route through the city.<ref>[http://www.mainroads.qld.gov.au/MRWEB/PROD/Content.nsf/DOCINDEX/The+Ring+Road+Sections+2+and+3+(Shaw+Road+and+Condon+Sections)?OpenDocument Queensland Department of Main Roads<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The first stage, the 5.3 km [[Douglas Arterial Road]], opened to traffic in April 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mainroads.qld.gov.au/MRWEB/Prod/Content.nsf/PFREDIRECTOR/0FF4B42ABBAB99D14A25703D007F4952?OpenDocument|title=The Ring Road (Douglas Section) - Frequently asked questions|author=Department of Main Roads (QLD)|accessdate=2006-12-14}}</ref>


Public transport in Thuringowa consists of bus services run by [[Sunbus Townsville|Sunbus]].<ref>[http://www.sunbus.com.au/tt_townsville.php Sunbus - Transit Australia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.<ref>[http://www.sunbus.com.au/tt_townsville.php Sunbus - Transit Australia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Thuringowa is serviced by the nearby [[Townsville International Airport]].
Public transport in Thuringowa consisted of bus services run by [[Sunbus Townsville|Sunbus]].<ref>[http://www.sunbus.com.au/tt_townsville.php Sunbus - Transit Australia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.<ref>[http://www.sunbus.com.au/tt_townsville.php Sunbus - Transit Australia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Thuringowa is serviced by the nearby [[Townsville International Airport]].


{{more|Transport in Townsville, Queensland}}
{{more|Transport in Townsville, Queensland}}
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==Climate==
==Climate==
[[Image:UA--KDG--Aus-Qld--Townsville(Aero)--2006AD.gif|thumb|right|250px|The climate of Thuringowas neighbour city Townsville as measured and recorded at the Aero.]]
[[Image:UA--KDG--Aus-Qld--Townsville(Aero)--2006AD.gif|thumb|right|250px|The climate of Thuringowas neighbour city Townsville as measured and recorded at the Aero.]]
The city of Thuringowa with its main suburbs lies in the [[wet-dry tropics]]. However, to the area of the city which also belongs to the [[Paluma]] Range, which in its higher altitudes is characterised by a year-round relatively cool and moist climate, thus belonging to the [[Wet Tropics of Queensland]] and to the so-named World Heritage area.
The former city of Thuringowa with its main suburbs lies in the [[wet-dry tropics]]. However, the area which also belongs to the [[Paluma]] Range, which, in its higher altitudes is characterised by a year-round relatively cool and moist climate, thus belonging to the [[Wet Tropics of Queensland]] and to the so-named World Heritage area.


In Novermber 2006 the Thuringowa City Council decided to install a WM20 weather station and although the data will not be officially recognised by the Bureau of Meteorology, it will be useful for environmental, industrial, agricultural monitoring and research.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thuringowa.qld.gov.au/news/media_release.htm?media_id=938| title =Thuringowa City Council Media release - "Thuringowa to secure weather station"|accessdate = 2007-02-16}}</ref>
In Novermber 2006 the Thuringowa City Council decided to install a WM20 weather station and although the data was not officially recognised by the Bureau of Meteorology,it did put Thuringowa on the BOM weather map and it will be useful for environmental, industrial, agricultural monitoring and research.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thuringowa.qld.gov.au/news/media_release.htm?media_id=938| title =Thuringowa City Council Media release - "Thuringowa to secure weather station"|accessdate = 2007-02-16}}</ref>


==Governance==
==Governance==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.thuringowa.qld.gov.au Thuringowa City Council]
* [http://www.thuringowa.qld.gov.au former Thuringowa City Council]
* [http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/ New Townsville city website]
* [http://www.thuringowa.qld.gov.au/thuringowa/history/ History of the area]
* [http://www.thuringowa.qld.gov.au/thuringowa/history/ History of the area]
* [http://library.thuringowa.qld.gov.au/heritage.htm More history of Thuringowa, including searchable historical image collection - from Thuringowa Library Heritage Services]
* [http://library.thuringowa.qld.gov.au/heritage.htm More history of Thuringowa, including searchable historical image collection - from Thuringowa Library Heritage Services]
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{{Queensland cities}}
{{Queensland cities}}
<div style="clear:both;background:white" class="NavFrame">
<div style="clear:both;background:white" class="NavFrame">
<div style="background:#ccccff" class="NavHead">Suburbs of Thuringowa</div>
<div style="background:#ccccff" class="NavHead">Suburbs of the former Thuringowa city</div>
<div style="background:white" class="NavContent" style="font-size: 90%;">
<div style="background:white" class="NavContent" style="font-size: 90%;">
'''4815''' (Urban):
'''4815''' (Urban):

Revision as of 04:58, 16 March 2008

City of Thuringowa
Queensland
Location within Queensland
Population59,164 (2006 census)[1]
 • DensityLua error: Unable to convert population "59164 (2006 census)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"'" to a number.
Established1846 (First settlement)
1879 (Division)
1903 (Shire)
1986 (City)
Area1,866.9 km2 (720.8 sq mi)
MayorLes Tyrell
RegionW/SW from Townsville
State electorate(s)Thuringowa, Hinchinbrook
Federal division(s)Herbert, Kennedy
File:Thuringowa council.gif
WebsiteCity of Thuringowa

The City of Thuringowa (19°18′26″S 146°43′54″E / 19.30722°S 146.73167°E / -19.30722; 146.73167) was a Local Government Area in North Queensland, Australia covering the northern and western parts of the urban area of Townsville. The suburb of Thuringowa Central is situated at latitude and longitude of 19°19′04S 146°44′32E.

In 2007 the Queensland Government recommended that the Thuringowa City Council be merged into the Townsville City Council as part of the review of councils and boundaries, with the merged entity to be referred to as the Townsville City Council.[2] The transition was completed with the election of a new combined Council on 15 March 2008.

Thuringowa was named after the German region of Thuringia where the shire's first chairman, John von Stieglitz originated.[3] Prior to its proclamation as a city on 1 January 1986, Thuringowa was a large rural shire, almost surrounding the City of Townsville.

History

What became the Thuringowa City Council started as the Thuringowa Divisional Board in 1879.[4]

Prior to European settlement, the Nyawaygi Aboriginal people lived in the area around Thuringowa, Townsville and the Burdekin. The earliest European on record to live in Thuringowa was James Morrill whose boat washed ashore in 1846.[4]

In 1860, the newly formed Queensland Government passed an act opening up the area to pastoral leases, and by 1861 there were many runs in Thuringowa.[4] By 1865, Robert Towns and John Melton Black had purchased a number of properties throughout Thuringowa. In 1865 Robert Towns built a boiling down works - at the time, there was no facilities for shipping cattle or sheep, so in 1865 Andrew Ball and Mark Reid left Woodstock Station to find a harbour around the Cleveland Bay shores and the Town and port of Townsville was established at the mouth of Ross Creek.[4]

In 1879, the Division was formed and considerable progress ensued over the following decades - by 1902, Thuringowa had 1,020 dwellings listed on its ratebooks.[4] Early chairmen Arthur Bundock and Joseph Hodel were involved in construction of key architecture such as the Ross River Bridge, the bridge at the Causeway and the Stuart Creek Bridge. These roads and bridges were constructed to serve not only Thuringowa's rural base but also the residential subdivisions of Hermit Park, Mundingburra and Rosslea. Water reticulation and sanitary services were established in these suburbs and street lighting and beautification work carried out along Charters Towers Road. Also during this period the Council's first administration building was constructed at the Causeway, near the intersection of Flinders Street West and Ingham Road, which are now part of Townsville.[4]

Under the 1902 Local Authorities Act, divisional areas were renamed shires, and on 31 March 1903, Thuringowa Shire Council came into being. The period up to 1918 was one of consolidation and minor works, not major projects.[4]

In 1918, much of Thuringowa's urban area was transferred to Townsville.[4] This initially caused great hardship for the Shire, as its rate base had been reduced to 2,500 ratepayers and its council headquarters was based outside the shire. The Council adopted a conservative approach to policy during this period that included not only the depression years of the 1930s but also during World War II, when the area became an important staging point and was host to significant numbers of military personnel.[4]

From the 1960s onwards, significant suburban development and growth took place in the area and Council business was preoccupied with providing new facilities and infrastructure. In 1979, a new Shire administration centre was constructed, moving it back into the local area, and on 1 January 1986, the Shire became a City.[4]

In 2008 Thurigowa council Amalgamated with the Townsville council to from the new Townsville city Council.

Demographics

Thuringowa had grown in population rapidly, and was one of the fastest growing cities in Australia.[5] The population has increased from 26,000 in 1986 to over 63,000 as of 2007.

year population projection[6]
2006 61 329
2011 72 337
2016 83 655
2021 94 052
2026 104 751
year population[7][8]
1879 2 000
1936 1 500
1971 3 432
1978 12 900
1988 32 900
1993 40 062
1998 47 762
2003 55 951

Economy

Recently a new $1 billion 5,000-lot housing estate was announced for the northern part of the city, just off the Bruce Highway. It will be the biggest ever planned housing estate in North Queensland.[9] Although primarily a residential area, Thuringowa does include several significant industrial and commercial enterprises, notably the Yabulu nickel refinery.

Tourism, Sport and recreation

Riverway is a riverfront parkland attraction overlooking Ross River, and includes Pioneer Park, which features two swimming lagoons and a beach. This area also comprises a cultural centre, art gallery, amphitheatre, cafés, restaurant and skate park. A new stadium (Tony Ireland Stadium) was completed in late 2007.[10]Riverway also includes Apex Park, Ross Park, the Ross River Dam and Loam island.

The Dairy Farmers Stadium (previously known as Stockland Stadium and Malanda Stadium), located in the suburb of Kirwan, was constructed in 1995 with a seating capacity of 30,000 after it was announced that the Twin Cities would be home to a Australian Rugby League team, and the stadium is today the home ground for the North Queensland Cowboys.[11] In 2003, Dairy Farmers Stadium was chosen to stage three games for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, and hosted the Japanese team.[12] On 12 May 2006, the final home season match of the Super 14 between Queensland Reds and the Highlanders was played at the stadium[13] The Reds normally play their home games at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane.

Tony Ireland Stadium at Riverway is a new development that has a 10,000+ seat cricket and Australian rules football stadium.[14]

Greenwood Park Sporting complex was officially opened on February 15, 2007. It features 8 fully lit Touch Football fields as well as carparking and a fully licenced clubhouse which is home to Redskins Touch Club and Thuringowa Touch Association.

The Willows Golf Club, an international-standard golf course is home to the Queensland Masters, an annual tournament which is a joint initiative between the PGA Tour of Australasia and the PGA Tour.

Thuringowa's beaches, known as the Northern Beaches are a group of residential beachside suburbs known as Bushland, Saunders, Toolakea, Toomulla and Balgal beaches. The northern beaches are also a habitat for a number of seabirds[15]

More: Template:Wikitravel See also: Former Suburbs of Thuringowa

Facilities and Services

Education

See also: Townsville School District


Kirwan State High School is a coeducational state school located in Thuringowa CBD, It has 1945 students and over 120 teaching staff[16] and Thuringowa State High School is situated on Vickers Road South in the Upper Ross community in the suburb of Condon, Queensland.
The school opened in 1987 with students in years 8, 9 and 11, the schools main achievements are Sporting and the Theatre Restaurant (State finalist in the inaugural Showcase Awards).[17]

Health Services

Thuringowa was serviced by 3 Townsville-based hospitals, after its only hospital was incorporated into Townsville Hospital in 2002.[18] Thuringowa did have a number of medical centres and doctor surgeries, including Kirwan Health Campus, which was formerly Thuringowa's only hospital.[19]

The Thuringowa City Council found that with the increasing number of people moving to the northern beaches area a medical centre was needed in that area, so the Bluewater Medical Practice was built.[20] The beachside community of Bushland Beach has also seen a large increase of residents so this medical centre opened on January 23, 2006.[21]

Media

Most of Thuringowa's media services such as TV, radio and newspapers where Townsville-based. However Thuringowa did have several small publications including; The Thuringowan and DUO Magazine other local publications include The Sun Newspaper, The Townsville Bulletin and The Express.
For more details on media See: media in Townsville/Thuringowa.

Transport

Thuringowa was serviced by many major arterial routes as well as numerous state routes. The Northern Beaches district is serviced by the A1 (Bruce Highway) or the National Highway 1.

Urban Thuringowa was to become part of the A1 route, as the Townsville/Thuringowa Ring Road will become the new National Highway route through the city.[22] The first stage, the 5.3 km Douglas Arterial Road, opened to traffic in April 2005.[23]

Public transport in Thuringowa consisted of bus services run by Sunbus.[24].[25] Thuringowa is serviced by the nearby Townsville International Airport.

Further information: Transport in Townsville, Queensland

Climate

The climate of Thuringowas neighbour city Townsville as measured and recorded at the Aero.

The former city of Thuringowa with its main suburbs lies in the wet-dry tropics. However, the area which also belongs to the Paluma Range, which, in its higher altitudes is characterised by a year-round relatively cool and moist climate, thus belonging to the Wet Tropics of Queensland and to the so-named World Heritage area.

In Novermber 2006 the Thuringowa City Council decided to install a WM20 weather station and although the data was not officially recognised by the Bureau of Meteorology,it did put Thuringowa on the BOM weather map and it will be useful for environmental, industrial, agricultural monitoring and research.[26]

Governance

Chairpersons and Mayors of Thuringowa[27]

Year Name Year Name
1880-1882 William Aplin 1914-1915 Edward Crowder or Joseph Hodel
1882-1883 F. Gordon 1915-1916 Joseph Hodel
1883-1884 James Miller and Arthur Bundock 1916-1917 Edward Crowder
1884-1885 William Clayton and Arthur Bundock 1917-1920 William Ireland
1885-1888 Arthur Bundock 1920-1929[28] James Cummins
1888-1890 Frederick Johnson 1930-1948 Charles Wordsworth
1890-1891 Joseph Hodel March-May 1949 James Kelso
1891-1892 Joseph Hodel and Frederick Johnson 1949-1960 W.H.F. Wordsworth
1892-1898 Joseph Hodel 1961-1966 J. R. Brabon
1898-1900 Robert Mawby 1967-1969 William DeCourcey
1900-1901 Frederick Johnson 1970-1973 J. R. Brabon
1901-1910 Joseph Hodel 1973-1976 William DeCourcey
1910-1912 Henry Abbot 1976-1991 Dan Gleeson (Mayor 86-91)
1912-1914 Joseph Hodel 1991-2008 Les Tyrell

References

  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Thuringowa (C) (Local Government Area)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
  2. ^ "Townsville City Council". Local Government Reform Commission, Queensland Government. 2007-07-27. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  3. ^ Bateman, Daniel (13 June 2007). "Save Thuringowa". Townsville Bulletin. p. 13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Thuringowa City Council (15 November 2004). "History of Thuringowa". Retrieved 2006-12-14.
  5. ^ Townsville Region: A Social Atlas - Townsville City Council
  6. ^ "Thuringowa Population" (PDF).
  7. ^ "Australian Bureau of Statistics - Regional Population Growth, Australia". Retrieved 2007-01-17.
  8. ^ "Thuringowa City Council - "About Thuringowa City Council" Statistics - Area and Population". Retrieved 2007-02-23.
  9. ^ "Thuringowa population and Housing estate".
  10. ^ About Riverway
  11. ^ North QLD Toyota Cowboys
  12. ^ http://www.rugbyheaven.smh.com.au/rwc2003/venues/townsville/
  13. ^ ABC Sport/Sportsflash. "2006 Super 14 Tournament".
  14. ^ http://www.riverway.thuringowa.qld.gov.au/stadium Riverway Stadium
  15. ^ Expired Page
  16. ^ Kirwan State High School Home
  17. ^ Thuringowa State High School
  18. ^ The Townsville Hospital
  19. ^ Kirwan Health Campus - list of Services
  20. ^ TGPN
  21. ^ TGPN
  22. ^ Queensland Department of Main Roads
  23. ^ Department of Main Roads (QLD). "The Ring Road (Douglas Section) - Frequently asked questions". Retrieved 2006-12-14.
  24. ^ Sunbus - Transit Australia
  25. ^ Sunbus - Transit Australia
  26. ^ "Thuringowa City Council Media release - "Thuringowa to secure weather station"". Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  27. ^ Thuringowa Library Heritage Services. "INFORMATION SHEET NUMBER 10 - CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF CHAIRMEN AND MAYORS" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-07-29.
  28. ^ From 1921, chairpersons were elected for three year terms by the constituency; prior to this they were elected yearly by fellow councillors.
Suburbs of the former Thuringowa city

4815 (Urban): Condon , Kelso , Pinnacles , Rasmussen.

4816 (Rural): Balgal Beach , Mutarnee , Pamula , Rollingstone , Toomulla.

4817 (Urban and Rural): Alice River , Bohle Plains , Kirwan, Thuringowa CBD.

4818 (rural): Black River , Bluewater , Bohle , Burdell , Bushland Beach , Deeragun , Jensen , Mount Low , Saunders Beach , Shaw , Toolakea , Yabulu.

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