Jump to content

Costa Concordia disaster: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 42°21′55″N 10°55′17″E / 42.365347°N 10.921400°E / 42.365347; 10.921400
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Nrpf22pr (talk | contribs)
922 edits
→Passengers and personnel: Passenger compensation
Line 160: Line 160:


The nationalities of all crew aboard have not been enumerated, but it consisted of citizens of 20 to 40 countries.<ref name="crew1" /> Some are Italians (including the captain and all the officers),<ref name="SKResc" /><ref name="perfect">{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9015493/Cruise-disaster-Perfect-storm-of-events-caused-Costa-Concordia-crash.html | title = Cruise disaster: Perfect storm of events caused Costa Concordia crash | date=14 January 2012 | work = The Telegraph | accessdate=15 January 2012}}</ref> but 202 Indians and 296 [[Filipinos]] made up approximately half of the personnel.<ref name="crew1" /><ref name="indiancrew" /><ref>{{cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/130-Indians-rescued-from-luxury-liner-in-Italy/articleshow/11503056.cms | title = 130 Indians rescued from luxury liner in Italy | date = 16 January 2012 | work = [[The Times of India]] | publisher = [[Press Trust of India|PTI]] | accessdate = 15 January 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/64ikQ2WbZ|deadurl=no |archivedate=15 January 2012}}</ref> Other nationalities include 170 [[Indonesia]]ns,<ref name="indonesians">{{cite web | url = http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/79208/bali-governor-hopes-for-early-repatriation-of-costa-concordia-crew | title = Bali Governor hopes for early repatriation of Costa Concordia crew|author=Priyambodo RH | date = 17 January 2012 | publisher = Antara News | accessdate = 18 January 2012}}</ref> 12 British nationals,<ref>"[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2087777/Costa-Concordia-rescue-British-dancer-James-Thomas-19-acted-human-ladder.html British dancer, 19, acted as a 'human ladder' to help terrified passengers off stricken cruise ship]" ''[[Daily Mail]]''. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.</ref> 6 Brazilians,<ref name="Veja" /><ref name="HooperCapt">Hooper, John. "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/14/captain-arrested-italian-cruise-ship?newsfeed=true Captain arrested amid growing anger after Italian cruise ship runs aground]." ''[[The Guardian]]''. Saturday 14 January 2012. Retrieved on 14 January 2012.</ref> 3 Russians,<ref name="russiancrew">[http://en.rian.ru/world/20120115/170765059.html Three Russian crew injured in Italian cruise shipwreck]. RIA Novosti, 15 January 2012. {{retrieved | 2012-01-17}}</ref> and an unspecified number of Colombian, Peruvian, [[Spain|Spanish]], [[Honduras|Honduran]] and [[China|Chinese]].<ref name=bbc2rescued /><ref name="crew1" /><ref name="wna">{{cite web | url = http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1619135/Blame-game-over-Costa-Concordia | title = Blame game over Costa Concordia | date = 16 January 2012 | publisher = World News Australia | accessdate = 18 January 2012}}</ref>
The nationalities of all crew aboard have not been enumerated, but it consisted of citizens of 20 to 40 countries.<ref name="crew1" /> Some are Italians (including the captain and all the officers),<ref name="SKResc" /><ref name="perfect">{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9015493/Cruise-disaster-Perfect-storm-of-events-caused-Costa-Concordia-crash.html | title = Cruise disaster: Perfect storm of events caused Costa Concordia crash | date=14 January 2012 | work = The Telegraph | accessdate=15 January 2012}}</ref> but 202 Indians and 296 [[Filipinos]] made up approximately half of the personnel.<ref name="crew1" /><ref name="indiancrew" /><ref>{{cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/130-Indians-rescued-from-luxury-liner-in-Italy/articleshow/11503056.cms | title = 130 Indians rescued from luxury liner in Italy | date = 16 January 2012 | work = [[The Times of India]] | publisher = [[Press Trust of India|PTI]] | accessdate = 15 January 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/64ikQ2WbZ|deadurl=no |archivedate=15 January 2012}}</ref> Other nationalities include 170 [[Indonesia]]ns,<ref name="indonesians">{{cite web | url = http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/79208/bali-governor-hopes-for-early-repatriation-of-costa-concordia-crew | title = Bali Governor hopes for early repatriation of Costa Concordia crew|author=Priyambodo RH | date = 17 January 2012 | publisher = Antara News | accessdate = 18 January 2012}}</ref> 12 British nationals,<ref>"[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2087777/Costa-Concordia-rescue-British-dancer-James-Thomas-19-acted-human-ladder.html British dancer, 19, acted as a 'human ladder' to help terrified passengers off stricken cruise ship]" ''[[Daily Mail]]''. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.</ref> 6 Brazilians,<ref name="Veja" /><ref name="HooperCapt">Hooper, John. "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/14/captain-arrested-italian-cruise-ship?newsfeed=true Captain arrested amid growing anger after Italian cruise ship runs aground]." ''[[The Guardian]]''. Saturday 14 January 2012. Retrieved on 14 January 2012.</ref> 3 Russians,<ref name="russiancrew">[http://en.rian.ru/world/20120115/170765059.html Three Russian crew injured in Italian cruise shipwreck]. RIA Novosti, 15 January 2012. {{retrieved | 2012-01-17}}</ref> and an unspecified number of Colombian, Peruvian, [[Spain|Spanish]], [[Honduras|Honduran]] and [[China|Chinese]].<ref name=bbc2rescued /><ref name="crew1" /><ref name="wna">{{cite web | url = http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1619135/Blame-game-over-Costa-Concordia | title = Blame game over Costa Concordia | date = 16 January 2012 | publisher = World News Australia | accessdate = 18 January 2012}}</ref>

The surviving passengers on the wrecked Costa Concordia cruise ship are to be offered a compensation lump sum of 11,000 euros ($14,400) each, the Italian Association of Tour Operators said Friday.The Italian Association of Tour Operators said the compensation would be paid to each passenger regardless of age and would cover damage to and loss of property and any psychological distress suffered.The payout will include reimbursement for the cost of the cruise and additional travel expenses. Costa will also set up a psychological counseling program for those passengers who request it, the statement said.Separate agreements will be reached with those passengers who were injured and needed treatment at the scene and with the families of those who died, the statement added.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/27/world/europe/italy-cruise-ship/index.html?hpt=hp_t3</ref>



===Casualties===
===Casualties===

Revision as of 16:17, 27 January 2012

42°21′55″N 10°55′17″E / 42.365347°N 10.921400°E / 42.365347; 10.921400

Costa Concordia disaster
The Costa Concordia aground 08:24, 14 January
EventSinking of cruise ship Costa Concordia
CauseRan aground on a reef
LocationOff Isola del Giglio, Tuscany, Italy
Date13 January 2012
CaptainFrancesco Schettino (Italy)
On board
  • 4,252 (4,197 rescued)
  • Passengers: 3,229[1]
  • Crew and personnel: 1,023[2]
Losses16 dead,[3] 17 missing,[4] and 64 injured
RouteCivitavecchia, Italy to Savona, Italy
OperatorCosta Cruises, the Carnival Corporation
Route and wreckening of Costa Concordia
Timeline[5]
(local UTC+1 times)
    • 21:42: Collision at Le Scole reef
    • 22:06: Harbour Master phoned by passenger's daughter, saying life jackets were ordered
    • 22:10: Ship turns around; listing begins
    • 22:14: Harbour Master radios ship; is told only that an electrical blackout started 20 minutes ago and will be repaired
    • 22:26: Harbour Master contacts Captain who says that the ship is taking on water through a port side opening and listing; no dead or injured; requests a tugboat
    • 22:34: Harbour Master is told that ship is in distress
    • 22:39: Patrol boat reports the ship is listing heavily
    • 22:44: Coast Guard reports the ship is grounded
    • 22:45: Captain denies grounding, says ship still floating and will be brought around
    • 22:50: Evacuation begins
    • 22:58: Captain reports that he ordered evacuation
    • 23:23: Ship reports large starboard hull breach
    • 23:37: Captain reports 300 people on board
    • 00:12: Coast Guard patrol boat reports that port side lifeboats can’t be launched
    • 00:34: Captain says he is in a lifeboat and sees 3 people in water
    • 00:36: Coast Guard patrol reports 70-80 people on board including children and elderly
    • 00:42: Captain and his officers are in lifeboat; Harbour Master orders them to return
    • 01:04: Helicopter lowers Air Force officer aboard, who reports 100 people remain
    • 02:29: 3 people hanging from ship's prow
    • 03:05: Evacuation ferry returns to Porto Santo Stefano with 5 injured and 3 dead
    • 03:17: Police identify Captain on quay
    • 03:44: Air Force reports 40-50 remain to evacuate
    • 04:22: 30 reported remaining to be evacuated
    • 04:46: Evacuation complete
Media
External audio and videos

The Italian cruise ship Costa Concordia partially sank on 13 January 2012 after hitting a reef off the Italian coast and running aground at Isola del Giglio, Tuscany, requiring the evacuation of 4,197 people on board.[6] At least 16 people died, including 15 passengers and one crewman;[3][7][8][9] 64 others were injured (three seriously)[10] and 17 are missing.[4] Two passengers and a crewmember trapped below deck were rescued.[10][11]

The captain, Francesco Schettino, had deviated from the ship's computer-programmed route in order to treat people on Giglio Island to the spectacle of a close sail-past. He was later arrested on preliminary charges of multiple manslaughter, failure to assist passengers in need and abandonment of ship.[12] First Officer Ciro Ambrosio was also arrested.[13][14][15]

The Costa Concordia entered service for Costa Cruises, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation, in July 2006 as the largest ship built in Italy at the time, measuring 114,137 GT,[16] 290.2 metres (952 ft) long, and costing €450 million (US$569 million). By tonnage, it is the largest passenger ship to sink.[17] Industry analysts believe the vessel is a constructive total loss.[18]

Shipwreck

The Costa Concordia was sailing off Isola del Giglio on the evening of 13 January 2012, having just begun a planned seven-day cruise from Civitavecchia to Savona and five other ports.[19] The ship's port side hit a reef on Giglio at 21:42[20][21] or 21:45[22] local time. According to the local coast guard, 3,206 passengers and 1,023 crew members were on board at the time.[2]

Captain Schettino at first stated that the ship had been 300 metres (980 ft) from the shore (about the length of the vessel) and hit a rock which was not marked on charts. In the early days after the accident, this was plausible, as it was a factor in the April 2007 sinking of the cruise ship Sea Diamond[23] In contrast, the reef the ship struck[24][25] was charted as being an area known as Le Scole,[26][27] about 800 metres (2,600 ft) south of the entrance to the harbour of Giglio Porto, on the island's east coast. The initial impact was at a point 8 metres (26 ft) below water at the Scole Piccola 42°21′20″N 10°55′50″E / 42.35556°N 10.93056°E / 42.35556; 10.93056, the most seaward rock of Le Scole.[24] There, underwater 92 to 96 metres (302 to 315 ft) away from the main island, divers discovered on 17 January two long, curled strips of steel shorn from the ship's hull[24] as the reef tore a 48.8-metre (160 ft) gash on her port side below the water line.[28] After impact, the vessel continued north until well past Giglio Porto. The ship did not begin to list for almost an hour after hitting the reef.[29] At 22:10, the vessel turned[citation needed] south toward the harbour. The vessel was then listing to starboard, initially by about 20°, coming to rest by 22:44[citation needed] at Punta del Gabbianara in about 25 fathoms (150 ft; 46 m) of water at an angle of heel of about 70°. The ship has a large rock still embedded in her hull at the aft end of the impact gash.[30]

The captain stated that on that night he had turned off the alarm system for the ship's computer navigation system.[31] He further stated: "I was navigating by sight, because I knew those seabeds well. I had done the move three, four times."[32] "But this time I ordered the turn too late and I ended up in water that was too shallow. I don't know why it happened."[33] Costa Cruises confirmed that the course taken was "not a defined [computer programmed] route for passing Giglio."[34] Costa Cruises CEO, Pier Luigi Foschi, explained that the company's ships have computer-programmed routes and "alarms, both visual and sound, if the ship deviates by any reason from the stated route as stored in the computer and as controlled by the GPS", but that these alarms could be "manually" overridden.[35] Lloyd's List has published a nautical chart showing the differences between the vessel's route (automatically reported position points) on this cruise compared with its track on the previous week.[36] On 14 August 2011, the ship had taken a somewhat similar sail-past route, but not as close to Le Scole.[37] The 14 August sail-past was approved by Costa Cruises and was done in daylight during an island festival.[32]

Rock embedded in the port side of the damaged hull. Notice also orange ladder used for evacuation

Captain Schettino is said to have had several reasons for the 13 January sail-past near Giglio. Magistrates received testimony that the captain was, at the time of impact, on the telephone with retired Captain Mario Palombo, to tell him that the sail-past was in Palombo's honor. "Seeing as we're passing the island, we'll sound the siren for you", Schettino reportedly said.[24] The sail-past may have also been for the benefit of the maître d'hôtel of the ship, who is from the island, though the maître d'hôtel did not request the close passing.[38] In August 2011, Giglio Porto's mayor, Sergio Ortelli, had thanked Captain Schettino for the "incredible spectacle" of that sail-past. "It's a very nice show to see, the ship all lit up when you see it from the land. This time round it went wrong", Ortelli said.[39]

Passengers were in the dining hall when there was a sudden, loud bang, which a crew member (speaking over the intercom) ascribed to an "electrical failure".[40] "We told the guests everything was [okay] and under control and we tried to stop them panicking," a cabin steward recalled.[41] The ship lost cabin electrical power shortly after the initial collision.[42] A few minutes after the impact, the captain was warned by the head of the engine room that the breach was an irreparable tear of 70 metres (230 ft).[43] "The boat started shaking. The noise — there was panic, like in a film, dishes crashing to the floor, people running, people falling down the stairs," said a survivor. Those on board said the ship suddenly tilted to the port side.[44] Passengers were later advised to put on their life jackets.[14] When the ship later turned around, attempting to head back to the harbour, it began to list approximately 20° to the starboard side, creating problems in launching the lifeboats. The president of Costa Cruises, Gianni Onorato, said normal lifeboat evacuation became "almost impossible" because the ship had listed so quickly.[45]

Possible causes

Since 2005, more than 100 million people worldwide have taken cruises, and until the Costa Concordia disaster there have only been 16 fatalities.[46] US Coast Guard Senior marine inspector Brad Schoenwald rejected the suggestion that the size of the vessel compromised safety.[46] Considering Costa Concordia's taking water and tiliting despite the existence of watertight compartments, Professor Philip Wilson of University of Southampton commented on 17 January that we're working on information that's incomplete so we don't know really what's happened.[47] Tuscany's prosecutor general has said that the investigation will seek to find causes for various aspects of the event, and beyond Captain Schettino to other persons and companies.[48]

Rescue

Evacuation

Wrecked, aground and listing at about 70 degrees, with used lifeboats in foreground

In the first contact, made at 22:12, between Italian port officials and the Costa Concordia after its impact on the reef, an unidentified officer on board the cruise ship insists that it is suffering only from an electrical "black-out".[49] A passenger's video recorded at 22:20 showed panicked passengers in life jackets being told by a crew member that "everything is under control" and that they should return to their cabins.[50][51] A ship's cook has said Captain Schettino ordered dinner around 22:30.[52] At around 22:30, a patrol boat of the Guardia di Finanza made a call to the Costa Concordia, but no answer came.[53]

At 22:26, Captain Schettino told Port of Livorno's harbour master that the ship had taken water through an opening in the port side and Schettino requested a tug boat.[54] Port authorities were not alerted to the collision until 22:42, more than an hour after the impact, and the order to evacuate the ship was not given until 22:50. A crew member told journalists that if the evacuation order had been given immediately, there would have been no loss of life.[55]

Some passengers jumped into the water to swim to shore,[56] while others, ready to evacuate the vessel, were delayed by crew members up to 45 minutes, as they resisted immediately lowering the lifeboats.[57] According to Maine Maritime Academy's emeritus professor Charles Weeks, a delay might be justified by the circumstances, as "[putting] lifeboats in the water while the ship is still making way (...) can be very hazardous".[58]

Rescued passengers huddle ashore.

Approximately two-thirds of the multinational ship personnel were in positions that did not need a seaman's qualifications. Although trained in basic seamanship skills, they were more akin to hotel workers. They handled services like laundry, cooking, entertainment, cleaning, minding children, and waiting tables.[59] Several passengers asserted that the crew did not help or were untrained in launching the lifeboats. This allegation was denied by the crew. A crewmember stated, "The crew members, whether Filipino or Colombians or Indians, tried to the best of our ability to help passengers survive the shipwreck. Comments by some of the passengers that we were unhelpful have hurt us."[60] Costa Cruises CEO Pier Luigi Foschi praised the crew and personnel despite difficulties resulting from the apparent lack of direction from the ship's officers and problems in communication. Although all of them speak at least basic English, most speak no Italian.[59]

Three people reportedly drowned after jumping overboard, and another seven were critically injured.[61] The local fire chief said his men, "plucked 100 people from the water and saved around 60 others who were trapped in the boat."[62] Five helicopters from the Coast Guard, Navy and Air Force took turns airlifting survivors still aboard and ferrying them to safety.[63]

Rescued passengers and crew in Giglio Porto

According to the investigators, Captain Schettino had already left the ship at around 23:30.[64] At 01:04 an Airforce officer who was lowered onboard by helicopter reported that there are still 100 people onboard.[54] The ship's priest said he was among the last leaving the ship at around 01:30.[65] The deputy-mayor of Isola del Giglio, Mario Pellegrini, who went onboard as part of the rescue operations, praised the ship's doctor and a young Costa Concordia officer, the only officer he met onboard, for their help.[66] He and the young officer were "shoulder to shoulder" until 05:30.[66] One of the missing crewmen, a waiter, was last seen helping passengers.[60]

At 03:05, 600 passengers are evacuated to the mainland by ferry.[54] At 03:44, the air force officer reports that 40 to 50 people are still onboard the Costa Concordia.[54] At 04:46, the evacuation is noted as being "complete" on Port of Livorno's Harbour Master log.[54]

The first daylight pictures showed the ship lying on her starboard side and half submerged, not far outside Giglio Harbour.[67]

Search for missing people

On 14 January, divers searched the waters until 18:00, then stopped for the night.[68] Divers and firefighters continued to search for survivors who might be trapped in the ship, and rescued a Korean newlywed couple trapped in a cabin two decks above the water line,[69] and a crewman with a broken leg. One diver stated that in their rescue process, they would find a path into the ship and tie down obstacles such as mattresses, before making noise to alert trapped people.[70] The divers work in duos as a safety measure and move through the water slowly in a zig-zag manner, leaving no area unexplored. "We go down for 50 minutes at a time, with three oxygen tanks strapped to us, and leave one or two along the way in case we start to run out of air. If we're not back in that time, our back-up races to find us", one diver said.[71] The divers are from the Navy, Coast Guard, and Vigili del Fuoco.[17]

The ship is perched on a 37-metre (120 ft) ledge. On 16 January, violent waters shifted the ship about 1.5 centimetres (0.6 in), interrupting rescue work[72] — trap doors were shut and debris fell on rescuers[17] — and giving rise to fear that the ship could be pushed into 68-metre (224 ft) deep waters[72] or that the fuel could leak.[73] Operations resumed about three hours later.[72] Throughout the process, rescuers set off explosives to create holes in the ship's hull to reach previously inaccessible areas.[74][75][76][77] On 18 January, rescue efforts were suspended again when the ship shifted, but shortly afterward were resumed. On 20 January, the ship began shifting by 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) per hour,[78] but on 24 January, Franco Gabrielli, the Italian Civil Protection Agency head, said the ship is "stable".[79] The same day divers recovered the body of the 16th victim.[3]

The head of the coast guard diving team described the conditions inside the ship as "disastrous".[80] Pitch-black conditions with large furniture drifting around made the rescue operation hazardous.[74] Rescue officials said the effort will continue contingent on weather and the ship's stability.[81] On 25 January, Gabrielli said, "Finding someone alive today belongs in the realm of miracles ... But since none of us, at least inside, wants to give up on that possibility, we will continue."[82]

Passengers and personnel

Casualties[83][84]
Nationality Fatalities Missing
Germany German 3 8
Italy Italian 3 4
France French 4 2
Peru Peruvian 1 1
United States American – 2
Hungary Hungarian 1 –
India Indian – 1
Spain Spanish 1 –
Unidentified 3 –
Total 16 18

By nationality, the passengers comprised 989 Italians, 569 Germans, 462 French, 177 Spanish,[85] 126–129 Americans,[85][86][87] 127 Croatians, 108 Russians, 74 Austrians, 69 Swiss,[85] 47 Brazilians,[88] 45 Ukrainians,[89] and at least 34 Dutch;[90] 26 were Chinese citizens of Hong Kong, 25 British citizens, 21 Australians,[91] 17–18 Argentines, 13 Taiwanese, 12 Canadians,[92] 12 Chinese citizens of the mainland, 12 Poles, 11 Hungarians, 11 Portuguese, 11 Dominicans,[93] 10 Romanians,[94] 10 Colombians, 10 Chileans, 9 Turks,[85] 8 Bulgarians, 8 Peruvians,[95] 4 Israelis, 4 Danes,[96] 3 Macedonians,[97] 2 South Africans, 2 Paraguayans, 2 Finns,[98] 1 Indian,[60] 1 Lithuanian and 1 New Zealander.[99] There were an undetermined number of passengers from South Korea,[100] Mexico[101] and the Republic of Ireland.[102]

The nationalities of all crew aboard have not been enumerated, but it consisted of citizens of 20 to 40 countries.[59] Some are Italians (including the captain and all the officers),[100][103] but 202 Indians and 296 Filipinos made up approximately half of the personnel.[59][60][104] Other nationalities include 170 Indonesians,[105] 12 British nationals,[106] 6 Brazilians,[88][107] 3 Russians,[108] and an unspecified number of Colombian, Peruvian, Spanish, Honduran and Chinese.[9][59][109]

The surviving passengers on the wrecked Costa Concordia cruise ship are to be offered a compensation lump sum of 11,000 euros ($14,400) each, the Italian Association of Tour Operators said Friday.The Italian Association of Tour Operators said the compensation would be paid to each passenger regardless of age and would cover damage to and loss of property and any psychological distress suffered.The payout will include reimbursement for the cost of the cruise and additional travel expenses. Costa will also set up a psychological counseling program for those passengers who request it, the statement said.Separate agreements will be reached with those passengers who were injured and needed treatment at the scene and with the families of those who died, the statement added.[110]


Casualties

16 people are known to have died,[3] and 64 others were injured.[10] Three people (two passengers and one crewman) trapped below deck were rescued more than 24 hours after the accident.[10] 17 people are still unaccounted for as rescue workers continued to search the partly submerged ship.[4] Initial reports that there may have been unregistered passengers were found to be less likely than originally thought.[111]

Investigation

Captain Schettino (born c. 1959, a native of Meta, Campania, Naples), who had worked for Costa Cruises for 11 years,[9] and the ship's first officer, Ciro Ambrosio, were arrested[112] on suspicion of manslaughter and for abandoning ship before all the passengers had been evacuated.[13][113] They were questioned on 14 January.[114] At the validation hearing of 17 January 2012 the Court of Grosseto charged Schettino and Ambrosio with the results from the records of investigation compiled immediately after the event, including the first report of the Coastguard of Porto Santo Stefano of 14 January 2012, the summary testimonial information given by the members of the ship’s crew, the chronology of events of the Harbour Office of the Port of Livorno, the AIS recording on record, and the PG Annotation of the Harbour Office of the Port of Livorno.[115] Schettino was released from jail on 17 January but is under house arrest.[74] The house arrest placement decision states that he is charged with leaving the ship while about 300 people were onboard.[116] The Corriere Fiorentino subsequently released audio recordings of radio calls in the Italian language from Coast Guard Captain Gregorio Maria De Falco repeatedly ordering Schettino to return to the ship from his lifeboat and assist in the ongoing passenger evacuation. At one point, Di Falco screamed at Schettino, "Vada a bordo, cazzo!" (translated as "Get the fuck back on board!", "Get back on board, for fuck's sake!" or "Get back on board, dickhead!" depending on the source) "[117][118][119] One of these calls took place at 01:46.[120] Di Falco quickly became a cult hero in Italy; T-shirts saying Vada a bordo, cazzo! became hot sellers in the aftermath of the accident, and at one point the phrase was the most popular hashtag in Italy.[121]

Schettino told investigators that he had "tripped and ... ended up in one of the [life]boats" because of the ship's list.[122] According to the Italian maritime law, a ship captain who abandons a ship in danger can face up to 12 years in prison.[123] Officials were trying to determine why the ship did not issue a mayday and why it was navigating so close to the coast. The delay in the evacuation request was also unexplained.[124]

In Captain Schettino's house arrest order of 17 January, the judge in charge of preliminary enquiries, Valeria Montesarchio, states that the impact with the reef caused the springing of a leak, with the water flooding the engine rooms and causing the electrical system of the engines to fail[125], which contradicts the theory, earlier mentioned by some media, that an electrical failure similar to those which occurred in 2010 on the Queen Mary 2[126] or on the Carnival Splendor[127], might have taken place before any impact.

One of the ship's voyage data recorders, which was designed to float, was recovered. Another one containing different data was located on 17 January.[128] A third one is in a submerged part difficult to reach.[129] On 19 January, all the data storage devices from the ship's control panel, including hard disks, were recovered.[130] One of the hard disks contains videos from cameras located near the control board which are expected to reveal the movements of the ship's captain and officers.[53]

The chief prosecutor received from the Guardia di Finanza a video, taken from their patrol boat, that films the ship between 22:30 and 23:10 or 23:20.[53]

As part of the investigation, the authorities expressed interest in a 25-year-old Moldovan woman, identified as Domenica Cemortan, who was invited onto the bridge as the cruise liner sailed close to Giglio. She was reportedly not on the official list of passengers and crew; she claimed that Captain Schettino was still on the bridge at 23:50. Cemortan was interviewed by a journalist from The Sunday Telegraph on Saturday, 14 January 2012, at the Hilton Hotel in Rome's Fiumicino airport. She then offered a defense of the captain's actions, saying he had saved over 3,000 lives by steering the stricken ship towards Giglio's harbour and grounding it close to shore.[131]

Like all passenger ships, Costa Concordia was subject to two major International Maritime Organization requirements: to perform "musters of the passengers (...) within 24 hours after their embarkation" and to be able to launch "survival craft" sufficient for "the total number of persons aboard ... within a period of 30 minutes from the time the abandon-ship signal is given".[132]

The Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard conducts the technical investigations of maritime accidents and incidents within Italian-controlled waters.[133]

Aftermath

Securing of wreck and coast

position of wreck on the shore
Profile of stranded wreck with oil booms around it[134]

Dutch salvage firm Smit International was contracted by the ship's owner and insurer to remove the vessel's 500,000 gallons[clarification needed] of fuel.[135][136] As of 24 January, crews were preparing to remove the ship's fuel, concurrent to the rescue operation.[137] The two days of preparation entailed bringing a barge with defueling equipment and divers locating the 17 fuel tanks.[138][139] The defueling will begin on 28 January. Officials said that the six tanks that contain 50% of the fuel in the vessel will be emptied first. "The first thing divers will do is drill holes into the tanks and attach valves onto them. The sludge-like oil will then be heated and hoses attached to the valves to suck out the oil as seawater is pumped in to displace it". The operation will continue all day and night,[139] expected to take about 28 days.[138] Poor weather conditions may cause a spill as the ship is jolted by waves.[135] Environment minister Clini said some liquid was leaking from the ship but it was not clear if it was fuel. A floating oil barrier was put in place as a precaution.[140]

Carnival Corporation has issued an investor disclosure stating that "The vessel is expected to be out of service for the remainder of our current fiscal year if not longer."[141] The CEO of Costa said that after the breaches in the hull are sealed,[142] the ship could be refloated, with difficulty, by giant inflatable buoys and then tugged away.[143][144] Several salvage firms, including Smit, Titan Salvage, and Svitzer, are expected to bid for the contract to salvage the ship.[142]

Loss

Industry experts believe the ship is a constructive total loss, with damages of at least US$500 million.[18] Costa Cruises has not commented on the fate of the ship as of yet.[145] Shares in the Carnival Group, that owns the ship, initially fell by 18% on 16 January following a statement by the group that the sinking of the ship could cost them up to US$95 million (€75 million, £62 million). The insurance excess on the vessel was $30 million (€23.5 million, £19.5 million).[146] Passengers traumatised during a cruise, for example by disembarking in liferafts at night on an island, are entitled to compensation of €10,000 each under maritime procedures.[147]

Possible influence: near-shore salute

Corrado Clini, Italy's Minister of Environment, said that saluting, a "custom that has resulted in an outcome visible to all", should no longer be tolerated[148] and that the government was contemplating a ban.[149] On 23 January, UNESCO asked Italy to reroute cruise ships to avoid sailing too close to "culturally and ecologically important areas". Clini was thinking about new policies and will consult cruise companies on 26 January.[79]

Reactions

Company

The Carnival Group's chairman and CEO, Micky Arison, said that: "At this time, our priority is the safety of our passengers and crew. We are deeply saddened by this tragic event and our hearts go out to everyone affected by the grounding of the Costa Concordia and especially to the families and loved ones of those who lost their lives."[146]

Costa Cruises released a statement on 19 January that it was "contacting all the survivors to 'make sure they have returned home and are well, and confirm that they will receive a refund for the cruise and all material expenses relating to it.'"[150] On 21 January, it was reported that the offer made to survivors was limited to a full refund plus "30% off a future cruise".[151]

It was reported on 20 January, that Costa Cruises has withdrawn an offer to pay Schettino's legal costs.[51]

Media

Coverage of the shipwreck dominated international media in the days after the disaster. The New York Times called the incident "a drama that seemed to blend tragedy with elements of farce".[152] Phillip Knightley called it the "most significant event in modern maritime history" because "every single safety procedure designed to make sea travel safe failed miserably".[153]

In Italy

Corriere della Sera stated that Italy owed the world a "convincing explanation" for the wreck and called for harsh punishment of those found responsible. Il Giornale said the wreck was a "global disaster for Italy". Il Messaggero said there was "anguish over those still missing". La Repubblica called the event "a night of errors and lies". La Stampa criticized the captain for not raising the alarm and refusing to go back on board the ship.[154]

Italian commentators reflected on the contrast between Schettino and De Falco and what it said about the national character. They represented "the two souls of Italy", according to Aldo Grasso in Corriere della Sera. "On the one hand a man hopelessly lost, a coward who shirks his responsibility as a man and an officer, indelibly stained. The other grasps the seriousness of the situation immediately and tries to remind the first of his obligations."[155]

Some saw parallels between the incident and the country's recent political upheavals, with Schettino's repeated assurances that nothing was wrong reminiscent of former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's similar refusal to acknowledge serious economic problems, and De Falco's resolve mirroring the calm pragmatism of Berlusconi's successor, Mario Monti.[156] "To see someone that in a moment of difficulty maintains steady nerves is consoling because that is what we need," another Corriere della Serra columnist, Beppe Severgnini, told The New York Times. "Italy wants to have steady nerves because we've already done the cabaret route."[157]

De Falco's exasperated order "Vada a bordo, cazzo!" (Template:Lang-en[158]) to Schettino became a catchphrase in Italy. T-shirts with the phrase were soon printed and sold across the country.[159] It has also been used on Twitter and Facebook.[160] Another Italian newspaper, Il Libero, used it in a cartoon caricaturing German chancellor Angela Merkel, shown rowing away from a ship named Europa Discordia and painted with the symbol of the European Union. It was a reaction to Germany's refusal to do more, as Monti had requested, to help lower Italy's borrowing costs.[161]

Titanic comparison

Several media outlets have compared the ship to the Titanic.[162][163] Survivor Valentina Capuano is a granddaughter of a woman who survived the Titanic tragedy 100 years earlier. Capuano said she was "dumbstruck" that history was repeating itself.[164] Some passengers said that the Titanic theme "My Heart Will Go On" by Céline Dion, was playing in a restaurant when the ship hit the rock.[164][165][166]

Rich Lowry, writing for the New York Post, compared Captain Schettino's actions unfavourably with those of Edward Smith, captain of the RMS Titanic. Lowry suggests that when the Titanic sank, it was "women and children first", but this chivalry was less noticeable aboard the Costa Concordia.[167] A. N. Wilson, writing for the Daily Mail, and Andrew Bolt of the Herald Sun expressed similar sentiments.[168][169]

Ill-fated vessel

A number of media outlets have suggested the ship was unlucky. "It was born bad and ended up worse", the Italian newspaper il Giornale said in a headline on Sunday 15 January.[170] When the Costa Concordia was christened by supermodel Eva Herzigová on 7 July 2006, the champagne bottle did not break against the side of the ship — an omen of bad luck amongst seafarers.[171] In 2008, Costa Concordia suffered damage to her bow when high winds over the Sicilian city of Palermo pushed the ship against its dock.[171] It has also been noted that the ship began sinking on Friday the 13th.[170]

Costa safety history

Several media have pointed out that cruise operator Costa has a poor safety record and has been plagued by reports of ineffective equipment and scandal. In 2008, Costa Concordia and Costa Europa crashed during docking, the latter incident killing three crew and injuring four passengers. The operator blamed the weather conditions. Costa Classica smashed into a cargo vessel (due to power failure, according to the operator), injuring three people. Costa Atlantica developed steering problems, and on another occasion almost collided with a car transporter vessel in the English Channel, leading to criticism from the UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch in an official report for failing to obey the waterway's strict two-way traffic system. In 2009, the cruise line was fined £23,000 for deceptive advertising, and there were severe disagreements with the crew of Costa Europa over engine problems. The Costa Romantica suffered a fire in the generator room, which led to 1,429 passengers being evacuated.[172]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Carnival Corporation & plc Statement Regarding Costa Concordia". Carnival Corporation & PLC.
  2. ^ a b Winfield, Nicole (14 January 2012). "Coast guard: cruise ship runs aground off Italy, 3 bodies found; helicopters rescue others". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d "Costa Concordia: Body found, bringing toll to 16". BBC News Online. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Winfield, Nicole. "Official: More Ship Survivors Unlikely". Time. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2012.
  5. ^ "Costa Concordia: Harbour master's log shows how the disaster unfolded" (The Telegraph) 24 January 2012
  6. ^ "40 passengers still unaccounted for" (14 January 2012) FOCUS News Agency
  7. ^ "Costa Concordia: 13 confirmed dead after body found". BBC. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  8. ^ "Costa Concordia: Captain Arrested, 41 Missing After Italy Cruise Ship Disaster" (IBT)
  9. ^ a b c "Italy probes sinking of cruise ship Costa Concordia". BBC News. 14 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b c d Jones, Gavin; Denti, Antonio (16 January 2012). "Two more bodies found on ship, three people rescued". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Captain's conduct blasted as divers find more dead". The News Tribune. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  12. ^ "No. 12/285 N.R. and No. 12/117 Magistrate in Charge of Preliminary Inquiries" (PDF). REPUBLIC OF ITALY, COURT OF GROSSETO. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  13. ^ a b "Cruise ship sinks in Italy, captain arrested" (Orange County Register)
  14. ^ a b Nikkhah, Roya (14 January 2012). "Cruise disaster: three confirmed dead and 69 passengers still missing". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Thuburn, Dario (14 January 2012). "Captain arrested, 41 missing after Italian cruise disaster". Google News. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Template:RINA name
  17. ^ a b c Jones, Gavin (17 January 2012). "Strain tells as Italian crews scour stricken liner". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ a b "Concordia, ship irrecoverable: Now the priority is to remove" (LaStampa.it) translation
  19. ^ "Italians launch rescue bid after cruise liner runs aground". The Guardian. UK. Associated Press. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Costa Concordia: new audio recording of officer reporting 'black-out'". The Daily Telegraph. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  21. ^ "Nave affondata: aperti varchi nello scafo da soccorritori". AGI. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  22. ^ "grounding of the Costa Concordia". Quality Positioning Services BV. January 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  23. ^ David Derbyshire. "So what DID cause the Costa Concordia to hit the rocks? Human error, electrical failure and uncharted ridge are all theories (Mail Online, 16 January 2012)". Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  24. ^ a b c d Imarisio, Marco (16 January 2012). "Crew Mutinied on Behalf of Passengers". Corriere Della Sera. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  25. ^ "Where the Cruise Ship Crashed". The New York Times. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  26. ^ "Geoportale Nazionale". Ministery of Environment, Italy. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  27. ^ "Sea charts". Office of Coast Survey. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  28. ^ Geoghan, Tom. "Costa Concordia: What next for the stricken liner?". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  29. ^ http://www.corriere.it/english/12_gennaio_19/costa-under-investigation_e236cbae-429c-11e1-8207-8bde7a1445db.shtml
  30. ^ "It was like a scene from the Titanic': At least three dead and 4200 panicked passengers and crew evacuated after luxury cruise liner carrying Britons sinks off coast of Italy". Daily Mail. UK. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  31. ^ "Esplora il significato del termine: Schettino ammette: ho ritardato l'allarme Il giallo della strumentazione fuori uso" (in Italian). Corriere Della Sera. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  32. ^ a b "Italy Probes Captain's Call With Boss". The Wall Street Journal. 19 January 2012.
  33. ^ "BBC News – Costa Concordia: Captain Schettino 'turned too late'". Bbc.co.uk. 18 January 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  34. ^ "Italian Ship Captain Detained as Probe Goes On" (14 January 2012) The Wall Street Journal
  35. ^ "Costa Concordia: Captain 'decided to change ship's course'". BBC. 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Cruise ship captain 'off course'". BBC News. 16 January 2012.
  37. ^ "Costa Concordia: Search suspended after ship shifts". BBC. 18 January 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Levy, Megan (17 January 2012). "'Pre-planned' cruise stunt flagged on Facebook". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ "Costa 'showboating' may have caused disaster" (Emirates 24/7)
  40. ^ Nikkhah, Roya (14 January 2012). "Three confirmed dead and thousands evacuated as cruise ship runs aground off coast of Italy". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ Akwagyiram, Alexis (14 January 2012). "Italy cruise ship Costa Concordia: Search for missing". BBC News. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  42. ^ Nadeau, Barbie Latza (18 January 2012). "Francesco Schettino, the Costa Concordia's Daredevil Captain". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Poteva salvarli tutti ma ha dato l'allarme quando era tardi". La Stampa. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  44. ^ Akwagyiram, Alexis (14 January 2012). "Cruise captain 'committed errors', say ship's owners". BBC News. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  45. ^ "Costa Concordia: Two more bodies found in Italian ship". BBC News. 15 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  46. ^ a b Lucy Carne (21 January 2012). "Cruising into turbulent waters". [[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|]]. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  47. ^ Richard Westcott. "Concordia disaster: How safe are modern cruise ships? (BBC News, 17 January 2012)". Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  48. ^ http://www.corriere.it/english/12_gennaio_24/costa-concordia_c0f1d44e-4692-11e1-90ee-63dee1b6b376.shtml
  49. ^ Nick Squires; et al. (19 January 2012). "Costa Concordia: new audio recording of officer reporting 'black-out'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  50. ^ Costa Concordia Crew: 'Go back to your cabins', the Sun, 20 January 2012
  51. ^ a b Costa Concordia disaster: Crew urged 'return to cabins', BBC, 20 January 2012
  52. ^ CNN. "Cruise ship's cook says captain ordered dinner after crash (CNN International, 20 January 2012)". Retrieved 20 January 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  53. ^ a b c Stefano Zurlo (22 January 2012). "Concordia, un altro mistero nessuno rispose ai soccorsi della Guardia di Finanza". Il Giornale. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  54. ^ a b c d e "Harbour master's log reveals how tragedy unfolded". Irish Independent. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  55. ^ Robert Marquand (18 January 2012). "Costa Concordia: Top 4 'deceptions' by ship's captain". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  56. ^ Nick Fagge. "Swim ahead, darling, I'll survive: 'My husband gave me his lifejacket as we jumped off sinking cruise ship... I never saw him again,' says French survivor (Mail Online, 19 January 2012)". Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  57. ^ Flegenheimer, Matt; Pianigiani, Gaia (14 January 2012). "Search Is on for Survivors From Italian Cruise Ship That Ran Aground". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  58. ^ Stephanie Pappas (19 January 2012). "Costa Concordia vs. Titanic: Do they compare?". MSNBC. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  59. ^ a b c d e Stephen Jewkes & Silvia Aloisi (17 January 2012). "Most of the Costa Concordia's crew were entertainers or bartenders, not qualified seamen". National Post. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  60. ^ a b c d Amit Roy & Archis Mohan (17 January 2012). "Not fair, say Indian crew – Comments hurt Costa staff". The Telegraph. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  61. ^ "Italy cruise ship Costa Concordia aground near Giglio". BBC News. 14 January 2012. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  62. ^ "Cruise liner passengers share tales of survival". 9 News. 15 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  63. ^ "'Titanic' Chaos After Italian Cruise Ship Grounds" (NPR/Associated Press)
  64. ^ LAURA MONTANARI, SIMONA POLI e MASSIMO VANNI (14 January 2012). "Fermato comandante. Si cercano i dispersi Tre morti, trovati due superstiti "Sentiamo dei rumori dal ponte 3"". La Repubblica. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  65. ^ Henry Samuel (20 January 2012). "Costa Concordia: cruise ship captain 'cried like a baby'". Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  66. ^ a b "Costa Concordia: Giglio official 'never saw Schettino'". BBC. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  67. ^ "Giglio Harbour". Giglio News. 14 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  68. ^ Pianigiani, Gaia (15 January 2012). "Ship Passengers Tell of Delayed, Then Panicked, Evacuation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 January 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  69. ^ "New search for missing passengers" (Gazette Live UK)
  70. ^ "Italy cruise ship disaster: maritime authorities point finger at ship's captain". The Daily Telegraph. UK. 15 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  71. ^ Ide, Ella (25 January 2012). "Diving in the ghostly labyrinth of Concordia Concordia". AFP. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  72. ^ a b c Dolak, Kevin (16 January 2012). "Italian Cruise Ship Wreck: Number of Missing Now 29". ABC News. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ Winfield, Nicole (16 January 2012). "Cruise Ship Rescue Ops Suspended Off Tuscany in Rough Sea". Time. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  74. ^ a b c Denti, Antonio (17 January 2012). "Italian coastguard heard pleading with liner captain". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ Kington, Tom (19 January 2012). "Costa Concordia rescue divers resume search". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  76. ^ "Captain to go under house arrest in Italian ship disaster". AFP. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  77. ^ "2 more bodies recovered from Costa Concordia". CNN. 23 January 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  78. ^ Squires, Nick (20 January 2012). "Costa Concordia: blame game begins between cruise ship owners and captain". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  79. ^ a b Bertacche, Marco (24 January 2012). "Italy Urged to Curb Cruise Ship Routes After Accident". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  80. ^ "Costa Concordia disaster: Rescuers blast holes in search for missing". BBC. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  81. ^ D'Emilio, Frances (22 January 2012). "Italian official: unregistered passengers might have been on Concordia, no fuel leak detected". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  82. ^ "Official: More Costa Concordia survivors would be miracle". Associated Press. 25 January 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  83. ^ "Costa Concordia disaster: Crew urged 'return to cabins'". BBC News. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  84. ^ "Incidente Costa Concordia – Elenco delle persone da rintracciare". Ministry of Interior (Italy). 20 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  85. ^ a b c d "18 Argentines travelling on Italy cruise ship 'safe and sound'." Buenos Aires Herald. Retrieved on 14 January 2012.
  86. ^ Mark Mooney; Clark Bentson; Phoebe Natanson (14 January 2012). "Cruise Ship Captain Questioned by Police". ABC News. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  87. ^ D'Emilio, Frances and Nicole Winfield. "Cruise ship runs aground; 126 Americans on board." Associated Press at Utica Observer-Dispatch. 14 January 2012. Retrieved on 14 January 2012.
  88. ^ a b "Sobreviventes relatam caos em naufrágio de transatlântico " Veja (magazine)"
  89. ^ "Ukrainian Embassy In Italy Assists 45 Ukrainians From Wrecked Cruise Ship To Obtain Hotel Accommodation". Ukrainian News. 15 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  90. ^ "Dutch on stranded cruise ship unharmed." Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 14 January 2012. Retrieved on 14 January 2012.
  91. ^ "Two Aussies reported missing from ship Costa Concordia call home The Courier-Mail. 15 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  92. ^ "Pair rescued from grounded cruise ship " CBC News. 14 January 2012. Retrieved on 19 January 2012.
  93. ^ "[1]"
  94. ^ ""Nu ni se intampla noua asta". 80 de romani, pe vaporul scufundat. Inregistrari tulburatoare". STIRI. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  95. ^ "Familia peruana que iba en el Costa Concordia contó cómo se salvó". El Comercio. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  96. ^ Ritzau (14 January 2012). "Fire danskere reddet fra forulykket skib". DR. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  97. ^ "Macedonian family safe after cruise ship accident in Italy". MINA. 15 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  98. ^ Italian turmalaivan kapteeni pidätettiin. Kaleva, 14 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  99. ^ "Three dead on grounded cruise ship." stuff.co.nz. Sunday 15 January 2012. Retrieved on 15 January 2012.
  100. ^ a b "Costa Concordia: Italy cruise ship survivors found." BBC. 15 January 2012. Retrieved on 15 January 2012.
  101. ^ "Confirman presencia de dos mexicanos en naufragio italiano". MILENIO. 14 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  102. ^ "Irish couple rescued from stricken cruise ship." Irish Examiner. Saturday 14 January 2012. Retrieved on 14 January 2012.
  103. ^ "Cruise disaster: Perfect storm of events caused Costa Concordia crash". The Telegraph. 14 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  104. ^ "130 Indians rescued from luxury liner in Italy". The Times of India. PTI. 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  105. ^ Priyambodo RH (17 January 2012). "Bali Governor hopes for early repatriation of Costa Concordia crew". Antara News. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  106. ^ "British dancer, 19, acted as a 'human ladder' to help terrified passengers off stricken cruise ship" Daily Mail. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  107. ^ Hooper, John. "Captain arrested amid growing anger after Italian cruise ship runs aground." The Guardian. Saturday 14 January 2012. Retrieved on 14 January 2012.
  108. ^ Three Russian crew injured in Italian cruise shipwreck. RIA Novosti, 15 January 2012.
  109. ^ "Blame game over Costa Concordia". World News Australia. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  110. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/27/world/europe/italy-cruise-ship/index.html?hpt=hp_t3
  111. ^ "Bodies found as fuel pumping to start". BBC. 22 January 2012.
  112. ^ Wade, Diane (14 January 2012). "Francesco Schettino, the Italian captain of Costa Concordia cruise ship, has been arrested". BelleNews. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  113. ^ "Captain left ship well before passengers: prosecutor". timesofmalta.com. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  114. ^ "Police arrest Italian captain of cruise ship that ran aground, killing 3". CNN. 14 January 2012. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  115. ^ Dr Valeria Montesarchio (Court of Grosseto). "Traduzione Ordinanza Grosseto (La Repubblica, 17 January 2012)" (PDF). Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  116. ^ Marco Bertacche and Armorel Kenna (19 January 2012). "Concordia Rescue Effort Lacked Leadership by Ship's Officers, Witness Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  117. ^ Press Association (17 January 2012). "The cruise captain... in his own words". Times of Malta. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  118. ^ Innocenti, Simone (17 January 2012). "Le telefonate tra il comandante e la capitaneria (audio recording)". Corriere della sera. Retrieved 18 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  119. ^ Innocenti, Simone (17 January 2012). "Esclusivo/La seconda telefonata (audio recording)". Corriere della sera. Retrieved 18 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  120. ^ "Le telefonate della Capitaneria a Schettino "Comandante che fa, vuole tornare a casa?"". Corriere della sera. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
  121. ^ Nick Squires; Victoria Ward (18 January 2012). "Italians buy t-shirts with 'Get back on board, for ----'s sake!' logo". The Telegraph. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  122. ^ Squires, Nick (18 January 2012). "Costa Concordia: captain 'says he tripped and fell into lifeboat'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  123. ^ "Carnival Cruise Ship Crashes off Italy". Usmaritimelaw.org. 14 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  124. ^ "Italian cruise ship captain investigated" (14 January 2012) UPI
  125. ^ Valeria Montesarchio (17 January 2012). "Order of Court of Grossetto" (PDF). La Repubblica (translation). Retrieved 25 January 2012.
  126. ^ Robin McKie (14 January 2012). "Power blackout could have caused Italian cruise disaster". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  127. ^ David Osler (17 January 2012)). "Earlier Carnival vessel power failure prompts Costa Concordia comparison". Lloyd’s List. Retrieved 22 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  128. ^ "Decision looms on ending Concordia rescue operations". CNN. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  129. ^ "Nave affondata recuperata solo una parte di scatola nera". La Repubblica. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  130. ^ "FOTO: Sub al lavoro, recuperata 'scatola nera' plancia". ANSA. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  131. ^ Nick Squires; et al. (19 January 2012). "Costa Concordia: investigators probe role of young Moldovan woman on cruise ship". The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  132. ^ "A ship is its "own best lifeboat"". Lloyd's List Australia. 18 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  133. ^ "Organizzazione" Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard. Retrieved on 22 January 2012. "Polizia marittima (cioè polizia tecnico-amministrativa marittima), comprendente la disciplina della navigazione marittima e la regolamentazione di eventi che si svolgono negli spazi marittimi soggetti alla sovranità nazionale, il controllo del traffico marittimo, la manovra delle navi e la sicurezza nei porti, le inchieste sui sinistri marittimi, il controllo del demanio marittimo, i collaudi e le ispezioni periodiche di depositi costieri e di altri impianti pericolosi."
  134. ^ "Salvaging the Costa Concordia". USA Today Travel. 21 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  135. ^ a b Migliaccio, Alessandra (16 January 2012). "Costa Races to Remove Fuel From Stricken Ship". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  136. ^ Kreijger, Gilbert; Graff, Peter (15 January 2012). "Dutch company SMIT to pump oil from Italian ship". Reuters. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  137. ^ Pianigiani, Gaia (23 January 2012). "Italy: Fuel to Be Removed From Stricken Cruise Ship". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  138. ^ a b Cinelli, Antonella (24 January 2012). "Salvage crews prepare to pump fuel from wrecked Italian liner". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  139. ^ a b "Workers To Pump Oil From Grounded Cruise Saturday". Associated Press. 24 January 2012. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  140. ^ Reuters. "Italy risks environmental disaster if ship fuel leaks (ABS-CBN News, 17 January 2012)". Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  141. ^ "Carnival Corporation & plc Required Announcement on Financial Impact of Costa Concordia". Carnival Corporation & PLC. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  142. ^ a b Jones, Gavin (19 January 2012). "Salvage firms jostle for wrecked Italian liner". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  143. ^ "Wrecked cruise ship could be refloated: owners". The Gazette. AFP. 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  144. ^ Reuters (17 January 2012). "'I will make you pay for this': Coast guard to Costa Concordia captain". National Post. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  145. ^ "Costa Cruises' statement on the Costa Concordia". Costa Crociere S.p.A. 15 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  146. ^ a b "Costa Concordia sinking could cost Carnival $95m". BBC News Online. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  147. ^ Fiorenza Sarzanini. "Costa Under Investigation – Corriere della Sera". Corriere.it. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  148. ^ Dinmore, Guy (19 January 2012). "Investigators probe cruise ship's Italy routes". Financial Times. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  149. ^ Hooper, John (19 January 2012). "Costa Concordia operator 'waited over an hour' before ordering evacuation". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  150. ^ Pianigiani, Gaia (19 January 2012). "Rescue Efforts Resume on Stricken Cruise Liner". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  151. ^ Duffin, Claire. "Costa Concordia: 'insulting' cruise offer to survivors". Telegraph.
  152. ^ Pianigiani, Gaia (20 January 2012). "Costa Concordia Cruise Ship Rescue Resume in Italy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  153. ^ Knightley, Phillip (23 January 2012). "The unbelievable crash". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  154. ^ "Cruise ship captain 'off course'". BBC News Online. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  155. ^ Grosso, Aldo (18 January 2012). "Grazie, Capitano". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 21 January 2012. Da una parte un uomo irrimediabilmente perso, un comandante codardo e fellone che rifugge alle sue responsabilità, di uomo e di ufficiale, e che si sta macchiando di un'onta incancellabile ... Dall'altra un uomo energico che capisce immediatamente la portata della tragedia e cerca di richiamare con voce alterata il vile ai suoi obblighi. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  156. ^ Hooper, John (18 January 2012). "Costa Concordia shipwreck's hero and villain lay bare two souls of Italy". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  157. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (20 January 2012). "Italy Finds a Heroic Foil for Its Scorned Captain". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  158. ^ "Language and emotion on the Costa Concordia". Bob Ladd, Professor Emeritus of linguistics at the University of Edinburgh, discusses various translations on Language Log
  159. ^ Nick Pisa. "'Get on board, damn it!' T-shirts bearing harbour master's tirade against Captain Coward Schettino sell online for £12 (Mail Online, 19 January 2012)". Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  160. ^ Nick Squires; et al. "Costa Concordia: Italians buy t-shirts with 'Get back on board, for ----'s sake!' logo (The Telegraph, 19 January 2012)". Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  161. ^ "Italian Paper Likens Merkel to Shipwreck Captain". Der Spiegel. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  162. ^ Tamara Lush. "Many make Concordia, Titanic comparisons (The Columbus Dispatch, 16 January 2012)". Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  163. ^ Melanie Jones. "Costa Concordia, Titanic 2012: Why Did the Italian Ship Sink? Analysis (International Business Times, 15 January 2012)". Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  164. ^ a b Peter Allen. "'Titanic theme tune played in onboard restaurant as doomed cruise ship started to keel over', claim Swiss brothers (Mail Online, 18 January 2012)". Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  165. ^ "Costa Concordia: Titanic theme tune played as cruise ship hit rocks". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  166. ^ "Titanic theme song played as cruise ship Costa Concordia sank, survivors claim". News.com.au. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  167. ^ Lowry, Rich (16 January 2012). "Women & children last?". New York Post. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  168. ^ Wilson, A. N (18 January 2012). "Whatever happened to women and children first?". Daily Mail. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  169. ^ Bolt, Andrew (18 January 2012). "Manners went down with the ship. The captain didn't". Herald Sun. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  170. ^ a b Reuters. "Italian cruise ship's "unlucky" history". Retrieved 19 January 2012. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  171. ^ a b Levy, Megan (16 January 2012). "Cursed Concordia 'born bad, ended up worse'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  172. ^ Claire Ellicott. "Cruise operator plagued by near misses (Mail Online, 16 January 2012)". Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Costa Concordia disaster.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Costa_Concordia_disaster&oldid=473533468"