Jump to content

Caldas da Rainha: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 164: Line 164:
The settlement was founded in the 15th century by [[Eleanor of Viseu|Queen Leonor]] (Rainha Dona Leonor), who established a hospital and a church at the site of some therapeutic hot springs. The Hospital Termal Rainha D. Leonor (Queen Leonor Spring Water Hospital, or Thermal Hospital) is the oldest purpose-built institution of its kind in the world, with five centuries of history. The city's name, often shortened to simply "Caldas", can be translated as "Queen's Hot Springs", "Queen's Spa", or "Queen's Baths".
The settlement was founded in the 15th century by [[Eleanor of Viseu|Queen Leonor]] (Rainha Dona Leonor), who established a hospital and a church at the site of some therapeutic hot springs. The Hospital Termal Rainha D. Leonor (Queen Leonor Spring Water Hospital, or Thermal Hospital) is the oldest purpose-built institution of its kind in the world, with five centuries of history. The city's name, often shortened to simply "Caldas", can be translated as "Queen's Hot Springs", "Queen's Spa", or "Queen's Baths".


Caldas da Rainha is home to many cultural institutions. The city's nine museums cover ceramic art, painting, sculpture, local history, and cycling. Caldas hosts six professional- and higher-educational institutions, including a major arts and design school and a school of ceramics. In 2008, the municipal government inaugurated a new performing arts, exhibition, and conference centre.
Caldas da Rainha is home to many cultural institutions. The city's nine museums cover ceramic art, painting, sculpture, local history, and cycling. Artists associated with the city include [[Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro]] and [[José Malhoa]]. Caldas hosts six professional- and higher-educational institutions, including a major arts and design school and a school of ceramics. In 2008, the municipal government inaugurated the Centro Cultural e de Congressos (CCC, Cultural and Conference Centre), a centre for performing arts, exhibitions, and conferences. Among sporting facilities in Caldas are a [[bullring]], several [[association football|football]] (soccer) fields, a [[skatepark]], and [[swimming pool]]s. In football, the city is represented by [[Caldas Sport Clube]].


At the 2011 census, the municipality had a population of 51,729, in an area of {{convert|255.69|km²}}. The statistical city had 27,378 residents. Caldas da Rainha belongs to the [[Leiria District|district of Leiria]] and is part of the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de [[Lisboa e Vale do Tejo]] (CCDR LVT; Regional Commission for Coordination and Development of Lisbon and [[Tagus]] Valley). For statistical purposes, Caldas is in the [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] III [[Oeste Subregion|Oeste]] (West) subregion—coterminous with OesteCIM—within the NUTS II [[Centro Region, Portugal|Centro]] (Centre) region, which is part of the NUTS I division called [[Continental Portugal|Continente]] (Continental, or Mainland, Portugal).
At the 2011 census, the municipality had a population of 51,729, in an area of {{convert|255.69|km²}}. The statistical city had 27,378 residents. Caldas da Rainha belongs to the [[Leiria District|district of Leiria]] and is part of the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de [[Lisboa e Vale do Tejo]] (CCDR LVT; Regional Commission for Coordination and Development of Lisbon and [[Tagus]] Valley). For statistical purposes, Caldas is in the [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] III [[Oeste Subregion|Oeste]] (West) subregion—[[wikt:coterminous|coterminous]] with OesteCIM—within the NUTS II [[Centro Region, Portugal|Centro]] (Centre) region, which is part of the NUTS I division called [[Continental Portugal|Continente]] (Continental, or Mainland, Portugal). With a bus terminal, a railway terminal, and an extensive road network, Caldas is connected to other communities throughout the country. Local transport is provided by a system of suburban buses and by [[TOMA (Caldas da Rainha)|TOMA]], a small bus network within the city.


== History ==
== History ==

Revision as of 00:07, 21 October 2014

Caldas da Rainha
City, Seat of a Municipality
Statue of Queen Leonor roundabout in Caldas da Rainha
Statue of Queen Leonor (Rainha Dona Leonor) in the middle of a roundabout in Caldas da Rainha
Image of the flag of Caldas da Rainha
Flag
Image of the coat of arms of Caldas da Rainha
Coat of arms
Logo of the Câmara Municipal of Caldas da Rainha
Nickname: 
Caldas
Map showing the location of the municipality of Caldas da Rainha within Portugal
Municipality of Caldas da Rainha within Portugal
CountryPortugal Portugal
Intermunicipal entityComunidade Intermunicipal do Oeste
NUTS I statistical divisionContinente
NUTS II statistical regionCentro
NUTS III statistical subregionOeste
DistrictLeiria
Historical provinceEstremadura
Founded1484
Vila (town) status1511
Concelho/Município (Municipality)1821
Cidade (city) status1927
Founded byQueen Leonor[1]
Named forQueen Leonor
Freguesias (civil parishes)
12
Government
 • TypeMunicipality (Município, or concelho)
 • BodyCâmara Municipal (executive)
Assembleia Municipal (deliberative)
 • Presidente da Câmara Municipal (Mayor)Fernando Manuel Tinta Ferreira (PSD)
 • Presidente da Assembleia MunicipalLuís Manuel Pereira Monteiro Ribeiro
Area
[2]
 • Municipality255.69 km2 (98.72 sq mi)
Dimensions
[3][4]
 • Length24 km (15 mi)
 • Width22 km (14 mi)
Highest elevation
[5]
255 m (837 ft)
Lowest elevation
[6]
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2011)[7][8][9][10]
 • Municipality51,729
 • Density202.3/km2 (524/sq mi)
 • Statistical city
27,378
 [note 1]
DemonymCaldense
Time zoneUTC±00:00 (Western European Time[12])
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (Western European Summer Time[12])
Postal code (código postal)
2500
Area code262
Municipal holiday15 May[13]
Websitehttp://www.cm-caldas-rainha.pt/

Caldas da Rainha (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkaɫdɐʒ ðɐ ʁɐˈiɲɐ]) is a medium-sized city in western central Portugal in the historical province of Estremadura. The city serves as the seat of the larger municipality of the same name and of the Comunidade Intermunicipal do Oeste (OesteCIM, Intermunicipal Community of the West). Caldas da Rainha is best known for its sulfurous hot springs and ceramic pottery.

The settlement was founded in the 15th century by Queen Leonor (Rainha Dona Leonor), who established a hospital and a church at the site of some therapeutic hot springs. The Hospital Termal Rainha D. Leonor (Queen Leonor Spring Water Hospital, or Thermal Hospital) is the oldest purpose-built institution of its kind in the world, with five centuries of history. The city's name, often shortened to simply "Caldas", can be translated as "Queen's Hot Springs", "Queen's Spa", or "Queen's Baths".

Caldas da Rainha is home to many cultural institutions. The city's nine museums cover ceramic art, painting, sculpture, local history, and cycling. Artists associated with the city include Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro and José Malhoa. Caldas hosts six professional- and higher-educational institutions, including a major arts and design school and a school of ceramics. In 2008, the municipal government inaugurated the Centro Cultural e de Congressos (CCC, Cultural and Conference Centre), a centre for performing arts, exhibitions, and conferences. Among sporting facilities in Caldas are a bullring, several football (soccer) fields, a skatepark, and swimming pools. In football, the city is represented by Caldas Sport Clube.

At the 2011 census, the municipality had a population of 51,729, in an area of 255.69 square kilometres (98.72 sq mi). The statistical city had 27,378 residents. Caldas da Rainha belongs to the district of Leiria and is part of the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (CCDR LVT; Regional Commission for Coordination and Development of Lisbon and Tagus Valley). For statistical purposes, Caldas is in the NUTS III Oeste (West) subregion—coterminous with OesteCIM—within the NUTS II Centro (Centre) region, which is part of the NUTS I division called Continente (Continental, or Mainland, Portugal). With a bus terminal, a railway terminal, and an extensive road network, Caldas is connected to other communities throughout the country. Local transport is provided by a system of suburban buses and by TOMA, a small bus network within the city.

History

Non-contemporaneous portrait of Queen Leonor by José Malhoa
Non-contemporaneous portrait of Queen Leonor by José Malhoa

Caldas da Rainha was part of the ancient region Lusitania, inhabited by ancient Romans who took advantage of sulfurous waters in the region. Barbarian invasions left the Roman sites in ruins. By the 13th century, the area was known as caldas de Óbidos, after the nearby town. At this time, an order Benedictine nuns looked after the needs of the poor lepers and rheumatics, but the order was disbanded, and the area fell into disrepair by the 15th century.[14]

Queen Leonor (Rainha Dona Leonor, in Portuguese; known as Eleanor of Viseu or Eleanor of Lancaster in English), the wife of King João II, is credited as founder of Caldas da Rainha.[1] One day in 1484, while traveling from Óbidos to Batalha, she happened upon a group of peasants bathing in foul-smelling waters by the roadside. She stopped to inquire about this oddity, and the bathers told her that the waters possessed curative powers. She decided to try them for herself. She was pleased to find that she was quickly relieved of an unknown affliction that she had been suffering. On that site, the queen ordered a hospital built so that others may enjoy the relief that she felt.[15] Construction began the following year, 1485. Although the first patients were admitted in 1488, construction was not completed until about 1496 or 1497. To finance the hospital and its adjoining church, the Queen sold her jewels and used income from her landholdings.[14] The name of the settlement that grew up around the site (Caldas da Rainha), refers to both its founder and the reason for its existence. The city's name can be translated as "Queen's Hot Springs",[16] "Queen's Spa",[17] or "Queen's Baths".[18] The settlement's waters remain its major claim to fame.[19]

On 21 March 1511, King Manuel I, brother of Queen Leonor,[1] conferred the status of town (vila) upon Caldas da Rainha.[20] Caldas was made a municipality (concelho or município) in 1821.[21]

During World War I, in which Portugal joined the Allies, Caldas da Rainha had one of three internment camps in the country. In 1916, most Germans in Portugal were deported, but men aged 15 to 45 were imprisoned in Portugal to prevent their joining the German military. Originally, all of the approximately 700 prisoners were shipped to Angra do Heroísmo on Terceira Island in the Azores, where they were held at the Fortress of São João Baptista. In 1918, to reduce overcrowding at the fortress, 168 internees were moved to the Pavilhões do Parque, then used as a military barracks, in Parque D. Carlos I in Caldas. The prisoners were released in 1919, a year after the end of the war.[22]

On 26 April 1919, President João do Canto e Castro knighted the town as a Dame of the Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit (Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada do Valor, Lealdade e Mérito).[23] Unlike other places so honored, Caldas did not add the honor's collar to its coat of arms. The town was elevated to the status of city (cidade) in August 1927.[24]

During World War II, in which Portugal remained neutral, hundreds of Jewish refugees came to Caldas da Rainha to escape Nazism.[25][26][27] Caldas also served as home to British and American airmen who landed or crashed in Portugal or off its coast.[28] In January 1943, 230 Britons resident in Axis power Italy were evacuated to Caldas, where they were expected to stay until the end of the war. Most of these evacuees were over 65 years of age and had resided in Italy for a long time.[29]

In a prelude to the Carnation Revolution, in the early morning of 16 March 1974, the Fifth Infantry Regiment (Regimento de Infantaria 5), based in Caldas da Rainha in what is now the School of Army Sergeants (Escola de Sargentos do Exército), attempted to stage a coup d'état against the country's authoritarian Estado Novo regime.[30] Thirty officers and about 300 sergeants and enlisted men from the regiment left their quarters at 4:00 a.m., heading for Lisbon, where they planned to occupy the airport. On approaching the capital, the Caldas regiment found themselves alone, realizing that the other units that were supposed to participate in the coup had not joined the upheaval. The regiment turned back and reached their Caldas quarters at around 10:00 a.m., locking themselves in and awaiting a siege. The compound was surrounded by various forces, who penetrated the base at about 5:00 p.m. The revolters were arrested and sent to various military prisons, where they were held until the Carnation Revolution on 25 April 1974, 40 days later.[31]

Caldas da Rainha's coat of arms was granted by Queen Leonor, before municipal coats of arms were typically used in Portugal. The center of the city's arms consist of the queen's own arms, flanked on the right by a shrimping net, to commemorate the fishermen who rescued her drowning son Prince Afonso, and on the left a pelican feeding its young, a symbol of her husband King John. Because of its early introduction, several elements of the arms violate Portuguese heraldic standards.[32] The municipal flag consists of the coat of arms on a purple and yellow gyronny.[33]

The municipality adopted a logo for marketing purposes to project an image of relevant historical tradition, current dynamism, and enormous potential in culture, economy, commerce, and tourism. The image is a stylized outline of Queen Leonor in blue tones, representing the city's aquatic history.[34]

Geography

Caldas da Rainha, often shortened to just "Caldas",[note 2] is located in western central Portugal at 39°24′26″N 9°8′9″W / 39.40722°N 9.13583°W / 39.40722; -9.13583. The city lies approximately 76 kilometres (47 mi) as the crow flies[37]—or 91 kilometres (57 mi) by the A8 motorway[38]—north of the Portuguese capital, Lisbon. Although three of the municipality's civil parishes—Foz do Arelho, Salir do Porto, and Serra do Bouro—lie on the Atlantic Ocean, the city proper lies about 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) from the ocean via the N360 road to Foz do Arelho.[39]

Caldas da Rainha is the seat of the Comunidade Intermunicipal do Oeste (OesteCIM, Intermunicipal Community of the West).[40] For statistical purposes, Caldas is in the NUTS III Oeste (West) subregion—coterminous with OesteCIM—within the NUTS II Centro (Centre) region, which is part of the NUTS I division called Continente (Continental, or Mainland, Portugal).[41] The municipality is part of the Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (CCDR LVT; Regional Commission for Coordination and Development of Lisbon and Tagus Valley).[42] Caldas da Rainha belongs to the historical province of Estremadura and to the district of Leiria.[43]

The municipality of Caldas da Rainha comprises an area of 255.69 square kilometres (98.72 sq mi).[2] The municipality extends 24 kilometres (15 mi) north to south[3] and 22 kilometres (14 mi) east to west.[4] The perimeter measures 106 kilometres (66 mi).[44] At its lowest point, the municipality lies at sea level,[6] and its highest point reaches 255 metres (837 ft).[5] The municipality is bordered to the north by Alcobaça, to the east by Rio Maior, and to the south by Bombarral, Cadaval and Óbidos.[43]

Along with the rest of Continental Portugal, Caldas da Rainha is in the Western European time zone (UTC±00:00), observing Western European Summer Time (UTC+01:00) from late March to late October.[12] The postal code for Caldas da Rainha is 2500,[45] and its telephone area code is 262.[46]

Former town hall on Praça da República
The former town hall stands on Praça da República. The building now serves as headquarters for the junta de freguesia (civil parish executive body) of União das Freguesias de Caldas da Rainha — Nossa Senhora do Pópulo, Coto e São Gregório.

Caldas da Rainha has 12 freguesias (civil parishes). Before 29 January 2013, Caldas had 16 civil parishes. On that date, the Assembly of the Republic passed a law causing the number of civil parishes throughout the country to be reduced. Seven of the municipality's civil parishes were combined into three new "unions of civil parishes". Nine civil parishes remained unchanged, except for minor border adjustments to ensure the contiguity of the new unions.[47][48]

Freguesia (civil parish) Population[8][note 3]
(2011 census) 		Total area[2][note 3]
A dos Francos town (vila)[49] 1,701 18.93 km2 7.31 sq mi
Alvorninha[note 4] 2,987 37.60 km2 14.52 sq mi
União das Freguesias de Caldas da Rainha — Nossa Senhora do Pópulo, Coto e São Gregório 18,413 31.58 km2 12.19 sq mi
União das Freguesias de Caldas da Rainha — Santo Onofre e Serra do Bouro 11,926 27.42 km2 10.59 sq mi
Carvalhal Benfeito 1,279 13.95 km2 5.39 sq mi
Foz do Arelho town (vila)[52] 1,339 9.62 km2 3.71 sq mi
Landal 1,051 10.21 km2 3.94 sq mi
Nadadouro 1,904 10.66 km2 4.12 sq mi
Salir de Matos 2,583 24.59 km2 9.49 sq mi
Santa Catarina town (vila)[53] 3,029 19.98 km2 7.71 sq mi
União das Freguesias de Tornada e Salir do Porto 4,358 29.58 km2 11.42 sq mi
Vidais 1,159 21.60 km2 8.34 sq mi

Before the 2013 administrative reorganization, the seven aggregated civil parishes had the following populations and areas, based on the 2011 census:

Pre-2013-administrative-reorganization freguesia (civil parish) Population[8]
(2011 census) 		Total area[2]
Caldas da Rainha — Nossa Senhora do Pópulo[54] 16,114 12.00 km2 4.63 sq mi
Caldas da Rainha — Santo Onofre[54] 11,223 9.21 km2 3.56 sq mi
Coto 1,344 5.64 km2 2.18 sq mi
Salir do Porto 797 9.86 km2 3.81 sq mi
São Gregório 955 13.93 km2 5.38 sq mi
Serra do Bouro 703 18.21 km2 7.03 sq mi
Tornada 3,561 19.70 km2 7.61 sq mi

According to the Instituto Nacional de Estatística (National Institute of Statistics, or Statistics Portugal), the city of Caldas da Rainha contains the entirety of Santo Onofre, most of Nossa Senhora do Pópulo (excluding the settlements of Lagoa Parceira, Imaginário, and Casal do Tanqueirão) and the southernmost portion of Tornada,[11] but the municipal assembly does not accept any portion of Tornada as part of the city.[55] Nossa Senhora do Pópulo and Santo Onofre are separated by the Linha do Oeste (Western Line) railway line, as specified in the 1984 law that carved Santo Onofre out of the civil parish that was called Caldas da Rainha at that time.[56]

Demographics

Between the 2001 and the 2011 censuses, the population of the municipality increased 5.90% from 48,846 residents to 51,729.[7][8][57] Females made up 52.63% of the population, and males accounted for 47.37%.[8] The population density was 202.3/km2 (524/sq mi).[10] The 2011 census found that the municipality contained 20,598 families, with an average of 2.5 people per family.[8] The municipality had 19,202 buildings and 31,063 dwellings.[8] The population of the statistical city[note 1] grew from 25,316 residents in 2001 to 27,378 in 2011, an increase of 8.1%.[9] A resident of Caldas da Rainha is a caldense (plural: caldenses).[58]

Historical population[7][9][59]
Year 1656 1817 1825 1852 1864 1878 1890 1900 1911 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1981 1991 2001 2011
City[note 1] 800 1,313 1,444 1,860 2,268 2,691 4,687 4,605 5,851 6,837 7,822 9,632 11,821 11,185 14,712 18,394 21,420 25,316 27,378
Municipality 9,010 11,675 13,058 16,209 20,971 24,516 26,027 29,207 33,410 37,165 37,430 36,446 41,018 43,439 48,846 51,729

Government

city hall
Caldas da Rainha's municipal building (Paços do Concelho), is located on Praça 25 de Abril.

The Câmara Municipal (city council, literally "municipal chamber") is the executive body of municipal government.[60] The council is led by a president (presidente da câmara municipal, the mayor)[61] and has six other members (vereadores, or councilors),[62] as required by Portuguese law based on the number of registered voters in the municipality.[63] Fernando Manuel Tinta Ferreira (PSD) serves as president of the council, and Hugo Patrício Martinho de Oliveira (PSD) serves as vice president. The other members are: Maria da Conceição Jardim Pereira (PSD), Alberto Pereira (PSD), Jorge Sobral (PS), Rui Correia (PS), and Manuel Isaac (CDS–PP).[64] Fernando José da Costa, the prior mayor, now serves as a member of the city council of Loures, a suburb of Lisbon.[65]

The Assembleia Municipal (municipal assembly) is the deliberative body of municipal government.[60] The assembly has 33 members.[66] The presidents of the each of the 12 juntas de freguesia (civil parish councils) serve on the assembly. Directly elected members of the assembly number 21, triple the number of members on the city council, the minimum required by Portuguese law.[67] Luís Manuel Pereira Monteiro Ribeiro is president of the assembly. Vasco da Cruz Antunes de Oliveira serves as the first secretary, and Maria João dos Santos Ribeiro Querido serves as the second secretary.[68]

In addition to the junta de freguesia as its executive body, each civil parish has an assembleia de freguesia (civil parish assembly) as its deliberative body. Each body is led by a president, the presidente da junta de freguesia and the presidente da assembleia de freguesia, respectively.[60]

Caldas da Rainha is twinned with the following places:[69]

The municipality has intentions of twinning with the following places:[69]

Economy

Bordallo Pinheiro ceramics factory
Bordallo Pinheiro ceramics factory

Caldas da Rainha has about 600 commercial establishments and calls itself Capital do Comércio Tradicional (capital of traditional commerce).[70] The city's downtown/city centre (centro) shopping area contains shops specializing in clothing, jewelry, beauty supplies, decoration, housewares, and other goods. The main shopping streets include Rua dos Heróis da Grande Guerra, Rua Almirante Cândido dos Reis (popularly known as Rua das Montras, Street of Storefronts), Rua Doutor Miguel Bombarda, Rua da Liberdade, and surrounding streets. Praça da Republica (Republic Square), popularly known as Praça da Fruta (Fruit Square), hosts an outdoor farmers' market every morning. A weekly market selling cheap clothing and domestic items is held on Mondays uphill from the square. Several small indoor shopping centres, most with only a few shops, exist throughout the city.[71] The Associação Comercial dos Concelhos das Caldas da Rainha e Óbidos (ACCCRO, Commercial Association of the Municipalities of Caldas da Rainha and Óbidos), founded in 1902, promotes and supports commercial and service businesses in Caldas da Rainha and neighboring Óbidos.[72][73]

Several international chains have locations in Caldas da Rainha, including Benetton,[74] Bershka,[75] Claire's,[76] Kiddy's Class,[77] Mango,[78] McDonald's,[79] Oysho,[80] Pull and Bear,[81] Staples,[82] and Stradivarius.[83] Caldas has several supermarkets and hypermarkets, including Aldi,[84] Continente Modelo,[85] E.Leclerc,[86] Lidl,[87] Meu Super,[88] Minipreço (two locations),[89] Pão de Açúcar,[90] and Pingo Doce (three locations).[91]

Vivaci Caldas da Rainha, opened in November 2008 next to the rebuilt Hotel Lisbonense, is the first large shopping centre in Caldas. Vivaci's four floors contain sixty stores and services, including fourteen restaurants, a five-screen movie theater, and a supermarket.[92][93] The CaldasShopping building, opened in December 2008 at the intersection of Rua Dr. Miguel Bombarda and Rua Raul Proença, has space for about forty shops, indoor and outdoor esplanades seating 200 to 250, offices, and thirteen apartments.[94][95] The Centro Bordalo shopping centre—to be built across the street from and connected by a pedestrian bridge to the existing Continente Modelo hypermarket—was originally scheduled to open in 2010 with 95 stores and 1,100 parking spaces. Developer Sonae Sierra planned to invest 56 million euros in the 24,000-square-metre (260,000 sq ft) centre, but the financial crisis of 2007–08 caused postponement of the project.[96]

Caldas da Rainha has ten lodging establishments, six of which are hotels (one 4-star, three 3-star, and two 2-star), and four of which are guest houses (pensões).[97] Lodging capacity totals 948, with 790 in the hotels and 158 at the guest houses.[98] Average monthly earnings in the municipality is €894.81 according to 2011 data.[99] In 2012, there were 25 banks in the municipality.[100]

Nova Serviços, with 1,504 employees, is the largest employer in Caldas and the second largest in the district of Leiria.[101] Schaeffler Portugal, with 387 employees, is the second largest employer in Caldas and tenth largest in the district.[101] Caldas counts three firms among the district's top fifty exporters: Schaeffler Portugal (5th), Promol (22nd), and Sotrapex (24th).[101]

Based on 2012 sales volume, Caldas has 17 of the 250 largest business firms in the district of Leiria:[101]

  • Sotrapex – T. Rod., Exp/Imp. de Cereais, Lda (9th)
  • A Júlio (15th)
  • Schaeffler Portugal, S.A. (17th)
  • Tabaqueira BEL (25th)
  • Thomaz dos Santos (46th)
  • Plural II – Distribuidora Farmacêutica, Lda (84th)
  • Promol – Indústria de Velas, S.A. (88th)
  • Franco & Filhos – Com. de Gado por Grosso, Lda (132nd)
  • Nova Serviços, Lda (154th)
  • LFG – Com. de Veículos e Combustíveis, Lda (163rd)
  • Monte da Balaia – Construções, Lda (175th)
  • Rações Avenal, S.A. (184th)
  • Becosa – Com e Dist. de Bebidas, S.A. (201st)
  • Frigosto – Ind. Transf. Prep. Prod. Cong., Lda (202nd)
  • Sociedade Avícola Avarela, Lda (218th)
  • PetroCaldas – Comércio de Combustíveis, Lda (241st)
  • Alberto Pereira, Lda (245th)

Arts and culture

Façade of Centro Cultural e de Congressos (CCC, Cultural and Conference Centre)
Centro Cultural e de Congressos (CCC, Cultural and Conference Centre)

The Centro Cultural e de Congressos (CCC, Cultural and Conference Centre), inaugurated on 15 May 2008 by President Aníbal Cavaco Silva and Mayor Fernando José da Costa,[102] is a cultural, performing arts, and conference centre that hosts music, theatre, dance, and cinema, as well as various expositions (expos) and conferences. Expoeste - Centro de Exposições do Oeste (Exhibition Centre of the West), is an indoor event space. The centre hosts various events, including bridal expos, seasonal festivals, fruit expos, car shows, and animal shows. During the annual Expotur - Festa de Verão (Summer Party), popularly called "tasquinhas", which takes place over the span of about week and a half at the beginning of August, food from each of the civil parishes is available for purchase and on-site consumption.[103]

Caldas da Rainha has nine museums, covering ceramic art, painting, sculpture, local history, and cycling.[104] The Centro de Artes (Arts Centre), a multi-building complex hosts three museums of sculpture: the Museu-Atelier António Duarte,[105] the Museu-Atelier João Fragoso,[106] and the Museu Barata Feyo.[107] The arts centre contains the Pavilhão de Ateliers (Studios Pavilion)—providing workspace and residence for active artists—and O Espaço da Concas, exhibiting the paintings of Maria da Conceição Nunes, known as Concas.[108][109] The Arts Centre hosts the biennial SIMPPETRA–International Stone Sculpture Symposium, with the resulting works being permanently displayed outdoors throughout the municipality.[110] The Museu de Cerâmica (Museum of Ceramics), in an old manor house, exhibits ceramic pieces from Caldas, from throughout Portugal, and from international sources.[111] Casa Museu de São Rafael concentrates on the ceramic creations of Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro's factory.[112] The Museu do Hospital e das Caldas (Museum of the Hospital and of Caldas), installed in the Caza Real (royal house) where Queen Leonor stayed during her visits to Caldas, features exhibits related to the thermal hospital and the city.[113] The Museu de José Malhoa, in the middle of Parque D. Carlos I, displays paintings by the namesake artist and his contemporaries, as well as sculptures and ceramics.[114] The museum building was declared a property of public interest (imóvel de interesse público, IIP) in 2002.[115] The Museu do Ciclismo (Museum of Cycling), opened in 1999 and sited in an Art Nouveau building on Rua de Camões across from Parque D. Carlos I, contains exhibits on the history of cycling and bicycles.[116]

Three examples of typical pottery from Caldas da Rainha
Examples of typical pottery from Caldas da Rainha

Caldas da Rainha is well known for its glazed ceramic pottery (louça das Caldas). Caldas da Rainha's pottery falls into two main categories: utilitarian housewares, such as plates, bowls, platters, mugs, and tureens; and purely decorative items, such as caricature figurines and ceramic phalluses of various sizes. Useful articles usually serve a decorative purpose as well. One popular model, created by Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, is a cabbage-shaped soup tureen, which can be displayed on a shelf or as a centrepiece when not in use. One of the most popular decorative figures is Zé Povinho, a bearded peasant everyman character created by Bordalo Pinheiro. A symbol of Portugal and the Portuguese people, Zé Povinho appears in many jocular, defiant poses. The ceramics are available for purchase at stands in the daily market at Praça da República (Praça da Fruta) and shops in the vicinity. They are available in stores outside Portugal, including a number of up-market housewares stores.

Caldas has several traditional sweets. Cavacas das Caldas are a small-bowl-sized, concave confection of flour and eggs, with a crunchy sugar covering. In June 2005, a 26-metre (85 ft) pyramid containing 48,900 cavacas was erected on Praça 25 de Abril in front of the city hall.[117] Beijinhos das Caldas ("little kisses") are similar, but are smaller and spherical. Other local sweets include trouxas de ovos (poached eggs), lampreias de ovos (egg lampreys), and pão-de-ló do Landal (Landal sponge cake).[118] Savory dishes typical of Caldas include ensopado de enguias da lagoa (stewed lagoon eels), bacalhau à lagareiro (cod in olive oil), polvo à lagareiro (octopus in olive oil), and fatias de carne frita à moda do Landal (Landal-style sliced fried meat).[119]

Attractions

Beaches at Foz do Arelho: Lagoa de Óbidos and Atlantic Ocean
Beaches at Foz do Arelho: Lagoa de Óbidos and Atlantic Ocean

Attractions not mentioning a civil parish are found in Nossa Senhora do Pópulo, the eastern half of city proper, containing the historical centre.

The civil parish of Foz do Arelho has a beach on the Atlantic Ocean, 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) from the centre of town. The Lagoa de Óbidos, which straddles the border with the municipality of Óbidos, is a lagoon that empties into the Atlantic Ocean near Foz do Arelho. The ocean beach and the lagoon beach have each been awarded a Blue Flag by the Foundation for Environmental Education.[120] The civil parish of Salir do Porto has a beach on River of Tornada which empties into the Bay of São Martinho off the Atlantic Ocean. The Reserva Natural Local do Paul de Tornada (Tornada Swamp Local Natural Reserve) is a protected wetland area.[121]

Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo (Church of Our Lady of the Populace)
Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo (Church of Our Lady of the Populace)

Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo (Church of Our Lady of the Populace), adjacent to the thermal hospital, is a late gothic church with Mudéjar and Manueline characteristics. It serves as the mother church (igreja matriz) of Caldas. It was built c. 1500 by order of Queen Leonor and designed by Mateus Fernandes.[122] The church was declared a national monument (monumento nacional) in 1910.[123] Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Church of Our Lady of the Conception) is a 20th-century church located on Praça 25 de Abril, near the city hall and the courthouse, and surrounded on three sides by Hemiciclo João Paulo II (John Paul II Semicircle). The Cardinal–Patriarch of Lisbon broke ground on 20 August 1950, and the church was inaugurated on 21 October 1951.[124]

Ermida de São Sebastião (Hermitage of Saint Sebastian) is a mannerist and baroque 16th-century chapel located just off Praça da República.[125] An 18th-century reconstruction added tiles about depicting the life of the chapel's namesake saint. The chapel was declared a property of public interest (imóvel de interesse público, IIP) in 1984.[126] Ermida do Espírito Santo (Hermitage of the Holy Spirit) is a mannerist and baroque chapel located on Largo João de Deus, uphill from the thermal hospital. Originally built in the 16th century, the hermitage was rebuilt in the 18th century. The chapel was declared a property of public interest in 1984.[127] Capela de São Jacinto (Chapel of Saint Hyacinth), located in Casais de São Jacinto in the civil parish of Coto, was originally built in the 16th century and reconstructed in baroque style in the 18th century. The chapel was declared a property of public interest in 2009.[128]

Pavilions in the park
Pavilhões do Parque in Parque D. Carlos I

Praça da República (Republic Square) is a public square in the centre of town. The plaza, popularly known as Praça da Fruta (Fruit Square), hosts Portugal's only daily outdoor farmers' market. The square is surrounded by buildings, most containing shops, banks, and cafés on the ground floor. Built 1747–1750 on the northern side of the square, the baroque former city hall (paços do concelho), now used as the junta de freguesia (civil parish hall) of União das Freguesias de Caldas da Rainha — Nossa Senhora do Pópulo, Coto e São Gregório, was declared a property of public interest (imóvel de interesse público, IIP) in 1984.[129] Praça 5 de Outubro (5 October Square), also known as Antiga Praça do Peixe (Old Fish Square),[130] formerly hosted the city's open-air fish market, which has since moved to an indoor location (Mercado do Peixe). The plaza is now used for outdoor café seating and free cultural events. A statue of Queen Leonor stands in the middle of the roundabout at Largo Conde de Fontalva (Count of Fontalva Square), popularly called Largo da Rainha (Queen's Square).[130][131] The iconic monument serves as a landmark at the historic city centre's southern approach.

The Parque D. Carlos I is a large park in the centre of town. The park contains a doughnut-shaped lake with a small island in the middle. Visitors can rent rowboats on the lake. The José Malhoa Museum sits in the middle of the park. The Jardim da Água (Water Garden) is a large-scale outdoor sculpture combining concrete, ceramic tiles, and water.[132]

Caldas has three mid-18th-century baroque fountains which were declared properties of public interest in 1982: Chafariz da Estrada da Foz (Fountain of Foz do Arelho Road),[133] Chafariz da Rua Nova (Fountain of the New Street),[134] and Chafariz das Cinco Bicas (Fountain of the Five Spouts).[135] The Estação da Mala-Posta do Casal dos Carreiros (mail coach station of Casal dos Carreiros), built in the 19th century in the civil parish of A dos Francos, was declared a property of public interest in 1977.[136] The Pelourinho de Santa Catarina (pillory of Saint Catherine) in the civil parish of Santa Catarina, constructed in the 16th century, was declared a property of public interest in 1933.[137]

Transport

Railway station
Caldas da Rainha railway station

Caldas da Rainha has a railway station served by the Linha do Oeste (western line) of Comboios de Portugal.[138] Regional trains, which make frequent local stops, run south to Lisbon, to its suburbs, or to Torres Vedras, and north to Leiria.[138] Interregional trains, which make select stops, run north to Coimbra via Leiria.[138] Salir do Porto, a civil parish on the Atlantic Ocean, is the next station north of Caldas and the only other active train stop in the municipality. Former train stops in the municipality are Campo–Serra and Bouro.[139]

Caldas da Rainha has a bus station (terminal rodoviário) located in the city centre. Rede Nacional de Expressos provides express bus service to various destinations within Portugal. Rodoviária do Tejo (also known as Rodotejo) provides interurban services to the cities, towns, villages, and hamlets near and around Caldas.[140] Rodotejo also provides three Rápida (literally "rapid", express-like, limited-stop) services from Caldas,[141] serving Campo Grande in Lisbon, Óbidos, and Bombarral (Rápida Verde, Green Rapid);[142] Leiria, São Martinho do Porto, and Nazaré (Rápida Rosa, Pink Rapid);[143] and Santarém and Rio Maior (Rápida Caldas da Rainha–Santarém).[144]

On 15 May 2007, the municipal holiday, the city council inaugurated local bus service called TOMA. The name means "take this" in Portuguese and commemorates everyman figure Zé Povinho, whose image appears on the buses. TOMA service consists of three routes: Linha Azul (Blue Line), Linha Laranja (Orange Line), and Linha Verde (Green Line). The Blue line uses two minibuses and runs between the western and eastern ends of town. The Orange and Green lines each operate using a single twenty-nine-seat minibus on loop routes.[145][146]

"Projecto Tornada" seeks to improve bus services along the busy N8 road in Tornada, the civil parish just north of the city. The municipal government, in coordination with Rodoviário do Tejo and Rocaldas - Empresa de Transportes Auto Penafiel, has undertaken to distribute a combined schedule of services and to improve bus stops.[147] Rede RoCaldas is an initiative to join intra-municipal bus service outside the city proper under a single banner and pricing scheme. Introduced in September 2013, Rede RoCaldas combines all services of Rocaldas - Empresa de Transportes Auto Penafiel with the short-haul services of Rodotejo. Rocaldas is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rodotejo, operating as a separate brand.[148] The combined service promises various benefits, including use of the Rodotejo's central bus terminal, restructuring city-centre bus stops, more frequent service, and streamlined ticketing.[149][150][151]

Caldas da Rainha is served by an extensive network of roads. Two motorways (autoestradas), operated by Auto-Estradas do Atlântico, serve the municipality. The A8 motorway, also known as Autoestrada do Oeste, goes south to Óbidos, Bombarral, Torres Vedras, Loures, and Lisbon, and north to Nazaré, Alcobaça, Marinha Grande, and Leiria.[152] The A15 motorway goes west to Santarém via Rio Maior.[152] The IP6 road is a main route (itinerário principal) connecting to Peniche, Rio Maior, Santarém, Torres Novas, Abrantes, and Castelo Branco.[153] For much of its route, IP6 runs concurrent with various motorways, including the entire length of A15 and the portion of A8 in Óbidos.[154] The IC1 road is a secondary route (itinerário complementar) which runs the length of the country from Valença in the north to Guia (Albufeira) in the south via Porto and Lisbon.[155] North of Lisbon, IC1 runs concurrent with various motorways, including almost the entire length of A8.[154]

Several national roads (estradas nacionais), which are older and not as well-maintained as motorways and main routes, serve the municipality. The N8 road (EN 8), the municipality's main roadway before the A8 motorway was built, crosses the municipality from north to south through the city centre, connecting with Alcobaça to the north and with Óbidos, Bombarral, Torres Vedras, and Loures—a suburb of Lisbon—to the south.[156] The N114 road (EN 114), in the centre and southeast of the municipality, goes to Peniche, Rio Maior and Santarém.[156][157] The N114-1 road (EN 114-1), in the centre and east of the municipality, connects the city centre to N114.[158] The N115 road (EN 115), along the south and southwest border of the municipality, goes south to Loures.[156][159] The N360 road (EN 360) crosses the municipality southwest to northeast through the city, connecting Foz do Arelho to Benedita in Alcobaça Municipality.[160] The N361 road (EN 361), in the southwest of the municipality, connects Lourinhã and Rio Maior.[161] Avenida Atlântica (or Variante Atlântica), which has no numerical designation, connects the western end of city to the beach at Foz do Arelho, and serves as an alternate route in lieu of N360.[162]

Education

Caldas da Rainha is home to many educational institutions. During the 2012–2013 school year, 10,882 students were enrolled in schools of various levels, from preschool to vocational and higher education.[163]

The Escola Superior de Artes e Design de Caldas da Rainha (ESAD.CR, Upper School of Arts and Design), founded in 1990, is a division of the Instituto Politécnico de Leiria (IPL, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria). ESAD.CR offers courses in plastic arts, ambient design, industrial design, ceramic and glass design, graphic and multimedia design, product design, typographic design, theatre, sound, image, and cultural management.[164][165] Former institutions of higher learning in Caldas include a campus of the Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa (UAL, Autonomous University of Lisbon)[166] and a branch of the Escola Superior de Biotecnologia (ESB, Upper School of Biotechnology) of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP, Catholic University of Portugal) from 1999–to 2011.[167]

Caldas da Rainha has five institutions offering professional development and vocational education.[168] The Escola Técnica Empresarial do Oeste (ETEO, Technical Business School of the West) offers courses in business and technology.[169][170] The Centro de Formação Profissional Para a Indústria Cerâmica (CENCAL, Vocational Training Centre for the Ceramics Industry) offers training related to the ceramics industry.[171][172] The Centro de Formação Profissional da Indústria Metalúrgica e Metalomecânica (CENFIM, Vocational Training Centre of Metallurgical and Metalworking Industry) offers courses in metallurgy and metalworking.[173][174] The Escola de Sargentos do Exército (ESE, School of Army Sergeants) trains sergeants for the Portuguese Army.[175][176] The Escola de Hotelaria e Turismo do Oeste-Caldas da Rainha (EHTO, School of Hospitality and Tourism of the West) offers training in hospitality and tourism.[177][178]

As in the rest of Portugal, compulsory public education consists of basic education (ensino básico) taught in "basic" schools (escolas básicas) and of secondary education (ensino secundário) taught in secondary schools (escolas secundárias). Basic education is divided into three "cycles" (ciclos): the first cycle (primeiro [1°] ciclo) for years one though four, the second cycle (segundo [2°] ciclo) for years five and six, and the third cycle (terceiro [3°] ciclo) for years seven through nine. Secondary schools teach years ten through twelve.[179]

Caldas da Rainha has two public secondary schools, both of which also include the third cycle of basic education.[180] The Escola Secundária com 3º CEB Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro Secondary School with Third Cycle of Basic Education) is in Nossa Senhora do Pópulo,[181] and the Escola Secundária com 3º CEB Raul Proença (Raul Proença Secondary School with Third Cycle of Basic Education) is in the neighborhood of Bairro do Arneiros in Santo Onofre.[182]

The municipality has three public schools which offer the second and third cycles of basic education without including secondary education.[183] The Escola Básica 2, 3 D. João II (King John II Second- and Third-Cycle Basic School), in Nossa Senhora do Pópulo, offers classes to second- and third-cycle students only.[184] The Escola Básica Integrada Santo Onofre (Santo Onofre Integrated Basic School), in the neighbourhood of Bairro das Morenas, offers all three cycles of basic education.[185] The Escola Básica Integrada de Santa Catarina (Santa Catarina Integrated Basic School) offers all three cycles of basic education, as well as kindergarten.[186]

There are 27 public schools for the first cycle of basic education throughout the municipality.[187] The municipality has 28 public kindergartens (jardims de infância).[188] Several private schools offer kindergarten and first-cycle classes.[187][188]

Colégio Rainha D. Leonor (Queen Leonor College), in Santo Onofre, offers private first-cycle basic education. For years five through twelve, the school offers privately managed public education.[189][190] Colégio Frei Cristóvão (Friar Christopher College) offers privately managed public education in years five through nine in A dos Francos.[189][191] The Centro de Educação Especial Rainha Dona Leonor (CEERDL, Queen Leonor Special Education Centre) offers special education.[192][193] The Conservatório Caldas da Rainha (CCR, Conservatory of Caldas da Rainha) is a conservatory of music.[192][194] The Escola Vocacional de Dança "Os Pimpões" ("Os Pimpões" Vocational School of Dance) offers training in dance.[192][195]

Health and safety

Hospital Termal Rainha D. Leonor (Queen Leonor Spring Water Hospital, or Thermal Hospital)
Hospital Termal Rainha D. Leonor (Queen Leonor Spring Water Hospital, or Thermal Hospital)

Caldas da Rainha is home to the Hospital Distrital Caldas da Rainha (Caldas da Rainha District Hospital), which is managed by the multi-city Centro Hospitalar do Oeste (CHO, Hospital Centre of the West). The hospital serves all general emergency needs of residents in all civil parishes of Bombarral, Caldas da Rainha, and Óbidos, plus parts of Alcobaça; pediatric emergencies for the aforementioned municipalities, plus Peniche; and obstetric and gynecological emergency needs for the aforementioned municipalities, plus Cadaval, Lourinhã, Mafra, and Torres Vedras.[196][197] In 2012, the municipality had 326 inhabitants per physician.[198]

The Hospital Termal Rainha D. Leonor (Queen Leonor Spring Water Hospital, or Thermal Hospital), a medical spa offering physician-prescribed treatment in sulfurous waters, is managed by CHO.[199] The hospital is the world's oldest purpose-built thermal medical institution.[200] Among the non-medical holdings of the Centro Hospitlar–legacies of Queen Leonor–are the Museu do Hospital e das Caldas (Museum of the Hospital and Spa); the Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo and Igreja de São Sebastião, churches; Parque D. Carlos I, a public park; and Mata Rainha D. Leonor, woods adjacent to the park.[201]

Caldas da Rainha is served by a health centre, Centro de Saúde Caldas da Rainha, which offers primary and non-urgent care. In addition to several units co-located with the main health centre, there are extensions located in the outlying civil parishes of A dos Francos, Alvorninha, Foz do Arelho, Landal, Santa Catarina, Tornada, and Vidais.[202]

The municipality has fifteen pharmacies. Seven are found in the city, and each of the following civil parishes has one: A dos Francos, Alvorninha, Foz do Arelho, Landal, Salir de Matos, Santa Catarina, Tornada, and Vidais.[203][204]

Fire protection is provided by the Bombeiros Voluntários de Caldas da Rainha (BVCR, Volunteer Firefighters of Caldas da Rainha).[205] Police protection in the urban areas of the municipality is provided by the Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP, Public Security Police).[206] Rural areas of the municipality are patrolled by the Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR, Republican National Guard). The GNR's base is located within the city proper.[207][208]

Sports

headquarters of the badminton federation
Headquarters of Federação Portuguesa de Badminton

The municipal Complexo Desportivo (Sports Complex), located on the western edge of the city in Santo Onofre, features a rugby field and a running track.[209] The field is home to Caldas Rugby Clube and can be used for association football (soccer). In 2008 the municipality added five tennis courts (two of which are covered) in an adjacent facility.[210] The municipal pools are located nearby.[211]

Four multi-use sports pavillions are found throughout the city.[212] Santo Onofre hosts a skateboard park.[209] The municipality has designated five cycling routes, three of which can be used on foot. All five routes are in the western portion of the municipality, and one crosses into São Martinho do Porto in Alcobaça municipality.[213]

Caldas da Rainha has a bullring (praça de touros) in Nossa Senhora do Pópulo, inaugurated on 13 June 1883. The octagonal arena originally seated 4,000 spectators, but now has capacity for 3,250. In a typical year, the ring hosts between three and six bullfights. The arena also hosts concerts.[214] The Grupo de Forcados Amadores das Caldas da Rainha (Amateur Forcado Group of Caldas da Rainha) participate in a phase of the Portuguese bullfight wherein they attempt to immobilize the bull by grabbing it, using no tools but their hands and bodies.[215]

Caldas Sport Clube (CSC) was founded 15 May 1916.[216] The club sponsors an association football (soccer) team which competes in the Portuguese Football Federation's 2nd Division — Series C. The team plays at Campo da Mata, a 13,000-seat field located in a forest adjacent to Parque D. Carlos I. CSC sponsors several youth (junior) football teams for various age groups.

The Federação Portuguesa de Badminton (Portuguese Badminton Federation) is headquartered in Caldas da Rainha.[217] The Centro de Alto Rendimento de Badminton (High Performance Badminton Centre) was inaugurated in Santo Onofre on 6 February 2010.[218]

Notable people

José Malhoa (28 April 1885, Caldas da Rainha – 26 October 1933, Figueiró dos Vinhos) was a painter. The Museu de José Malhoa (José Malhoa Museum) displays several of his pieces.[219]

Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (21 March 1846, Lisbon – 23 January 1905, Lisbon; often rendered in pre-reform spelling of "Raphael Bordallo Pinheiro") was a caricaturist, illustrator, ceramist, cartoonist, editor, decorator, and figurist. He created the enduring everyman character of Zé Povinho in 1875. He founded Faianças Artísticas Bordallo Pinheiro, a factory still in existence, in Caldas in 1884. In addition to his factory, his name has been applied to the Casa Museu São Rafael (Saint Rafael House Museum) and the Escola Secundária Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, one of two public secondary schools in Caldas.[220][221]

José da Cruz Policarpo (26 February 1926, Alvorninha – 12 March 2014, Lisbon) became the sixteenth Patriarch of Lisbon, as José IV, on 24 March 1998. Pope John Paul II made Policarpo a cardinal on 21 February 2001.[222]

Raul Proença (10 May 1884, Caldas da Rainha – 20 May 1941, Porto) was a writer, journalist, and intellectual.[223] One of the two public secondary schools in Caldas bares his name.[224]

Notes and references

Notes
  1. ^ a b c The "statistical city" of Caldas da Rainha contains the entirety of the civil parish of Santo Onofre, most of the civil parish of Nossa Senhora do Pópulo (excluding Lagoa Parceira, Imaginário, and Casal do Tanqueirão) and the southernmost portion of the civil parish of Tornada.[11]
  2. ^ As evidenced by the names of the city's two printed weekly newspapers, Gazeta das Caldas[35] and Jornal das Caldas.[36]
  3. ^ a b The population and area figures for aggregated civil parishes were derived by adding the 2011 census figures. Because the 2013 administrative reorganization involved some minor border adjustments, the figures may be slightly off for aggregated parishes and bordering parishes whose area was affected.
  4. ^ According to a Gazeta das Caldas article, Alvorninha is a town (vila).[50] Statistics Portugal, however, reports that Caldas da Rainha has only three vilas (but does not name them).[51] Three other places—A dos Francos, Foz do Arelho, and Santa Catarina—have references to laws elevating them to the status of vila.
References
  1. ^ a b c A Handbook for Travellers in Portugal: A Complete Guide for Lisbon…the Caldas…&c (Google Books) (Third ed.). London: John Murray. 1875. pp. 116–117. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d "Area (km²) of national territory by Geographic localization (Administrative division); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 18 October 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Leiria.)
  3. ^ a b "Maximum length North/ South (km) of territorial units by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 23 October 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  4. ^ a b "Maximum length East/ West (km) of territorial units by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 23 October 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  5. ^ a b "Maximum height (m) of territorial units by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 23 October 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  6. ^ a b "Minimum height (m) of territorial units by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 23 October 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  7. ^ a b c "Censos 2011 Resultados Definitivos" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). Retrieved 28 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (In the "NUTS ou Distrito ou Município" field, enter "Caldas da Rainha", then click the magnifying glass icon.)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g "Resident population (No.) by Place of residence and Sex; Decennial–2011". Insitituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 20 November 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  9. ^ a b c "Resident population in statistical cities (No.) by Place of residence; Annual–2011". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 18 April 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  10. ^ a b "Population's density (No./ km²) by Place of residence (at the date of Census 2011) and Sex; Decennial–2011". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 16 February 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  11. ^ a b "INE - Censos 2011 Resultados Definitivos". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). Retrieved 13 April 2014. (In the "Search for" drop-down menu, select "Lugar INE", enter "Caldas da Rainha", and click "Search".)
  12. ^ a b c Assembleia da República (8 March 1996). "Decreto-Lei n.º 17/96" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, E. P. p. 469. Retrieved 11 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Informação do Concelho" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 11 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ a b "Hospital de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo | Museu do Hospital e das Caldas" (in Portuguese). Museu do Hospital e das Caldas. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  15. ^ "Caldas da Rainha". Turismo de Portugal. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  16. ^ Howe, Marvine (6 August 1989). "SHOPPER'S WORLD; Earthy Pottery From Portugal". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  17. ^ John Fisher and Jules Brown (2010). The Rough Guide to Portugal (Google Books). London: Rough Guides. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-84836-978-8. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  18. ^ Dunlop, Fiona (2013). National Geographic Traveler: Portugal (Google Books) (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Books. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-4262-1024-2. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  19. ^ Steves, Rick (2013). Rick Steves' Portugal (Google Books) (Seventh ed.). New York: Avalon Travel. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-61238-061-2. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  20. ^ "História e Geografia" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 15 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Caldas da Rainha". infopédia (in Portuguese). Porto Editora. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  22. ^ Gomes, Francisco (12 February 2014). "Caldas da Rainha teve campo de concentração na 1ª Guerra Mundial". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). pp. 1, 11. Retrieved 26 April 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "CIDADÃOS NACIONAIS AGRACIADOS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS - Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas" (in Portuguese). Presidência da República Portuguesa. Retrieved 23 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ Ministério do Interior (Ministry of the Interior) (26 August 1927). "Decreto n.º 14:157" (PDF). Diário do Govêrno I Série – Número 186 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional de Lisboa. p. 1701. Retrieved 13 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Narciso, Natacha. "Caldas da Rainha e os refugiados da II Grande Guerra". Gazeta das Caldas (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2008-03-23. Retrieved 24 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ "Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive-- March of Time -- outtakes -- Refugees in Caldas da Rainha". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  27. ^ Subak, Susan Elisabeth (2010). Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers Who Defied the Nazis (Google Books). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-8032-3017-0. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  28. ^ Cipriano, Carlos. "'Aterrem em Portugal' dá a conhecer novas facetas das Caldas da Rainha durante a II Guerra Mundial". Gazeta das Caldas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 23 August 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) [dead link]
  29. ^ "230 Britons From Italy at Lisbon" (PDF). The New York Times. The Associated Press. 17 January 1943. Retrieved 7 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ Lopes, Mário (20 March 2007). "Fernando Rosas: golpe military de 16 de Março revelou a fraqueza do regime". Tinta Fresca — Jornal de Arte, Cultura & Cidadania (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ Cipriano, Carlos (14 March 2014). "A coluna das Caldas que marchou sozinha para fazer História". Gazeta das Caldas (in Portuguese). p. 2. Retrieved 26 April 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ Gomes, Francisco (20 July 2008). "Ilegalidades no Brasão". Jornal Oeste Online (in Portuguese). Associação Oeste. Archived from the original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Caldas da Rainha Municipality (Portugal)". Flags of the World. FOTW Flags Of The World site. 23 July 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  34. ^ "Manual de Normas Gráficas" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 11 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ "Gazeta das Caldas" (in Portuguese). Cooperativa Editorial Caldense, CRL. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  36. ^ "Jornal das Caldas" (in Portuguese). Medioeste, Lda. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  37. ^ "Mapping and Distance Tools". Paul Demers. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  38. ^ "Caldas da Rainha, Portugal to Lisbon, Portugal – Google Maps". Google. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  39. ^ "Caldas da Rainha, Portugal to Av. do Mar – Google Maps". Google. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  40. ^ "Estatutos da Comunidade Intermunicipal do Oeste" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Comunidade Intermunicipal do Oeste (OesteCIM). 28 November 2013. p. 1. Retrieved 7 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ "Territorial Statistics". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  42. ^ "A RLVT - CCDR-LVT" (in Portuguese). Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (CCDR LVT). Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  43. ^ a b "Localização" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 7 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ "Perimeter (km) of national territory by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 23 October 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  45. ^ "Código Postal (4 algarismos)" (PDF) (in Portuguese). OPE/GIP Gestão Informação Postal via CTT Correios de Portugal, S.A. June 2005. Retrieved 18 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ "AJUDA E SUPORTE: TELEFONE / INDICATIVOS E PREFIXOS / PREFIXOS NACIONAIS" (in Portuguese). MEO (subsidiary of Portugal Telecom). 5 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  47. ^ Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (28 January 2013). "Lei n.o 11-A/2013 de 28 de janeiro: Reorganização administrativa do território das freguesias" (PDF). Diário da República, 1.ª série — N.º 19 — 28 de janeiro de 2013 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. pp. 552-(30)–552-(31). Retrieved 19 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  48. ^ Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (28 March 2013). "Declaração de Retificação n.º 19/2013" (PDF). Diário da República, 1.ª série—N.º 62—28 de março de 2013 (in Portuguese). p. 1891. Retrieved 19 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (5 August 2009). "Lei n.º 54/2009 de 5 de Agosto: Elevação da povoação de A dos Francos, no município das Caldas da Rainha, distrito de Leiria, à categoria de vila" (PDF). Diário da República, 1.ª série—N.º 150—5 de Agosto de 2009 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. p. 5073. Retrieved 24 August 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ Ferreira, Fátima (1 May 2009). "Caldas pode ficar com quatro vilas no concelho". Gazeta das Caldas (in Portuguese). p. 27. Retrieved 27 April 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ "Small towns (No.) by Geographic localization; Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 6 July 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  52. ^ Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (5 August 2009). "Lei n.º 55/2009 de 5 de Agosto: Elevação da povoação de Foz do Arelho, no município das Caldas da Rainha, distrito de Leiria, à categoria de vila" (PDF). Diário da República, 1.ª série—N.º 150—5 de Agosto de 2009 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. p. 5073. Retrieved 24 August 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (16 August 1991). "Lei n.º 105/91 de 16 de Agosto: Reelevação da povoação de Santa Catarina à categoria de vila" (PDF). Diário da República — I Série-A; N.º 187 — 16-8-1991 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. p. 4144. Retrieved 13 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ a b Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (23 August 1989). "Lei n.º 34/89 de 23 de Agosto: Alteração dos nomes das freguesas das Caldas da Rainha e Santo Onofre para Caldas da Rainha - Nossa Senhora do Pópulo e Caldas da Rainha - Santo Onofre" (PDF). Diário da República — I Serie; N.º 193 — 23-8-1989 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. p. 3492. Retrieved 13 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Assembleia Municipal das Caldas da Rainha (11 October 2012). "Ata: Sessão Extraordinária 11 de Outubro 2012" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. pp. 277–278. Retrieved 15 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (31 December 1984). "Lei n.º 41/84 de 31 de Dezembro: Criação da freguesia de Santo Onofre no concelho das Caldas da Rainha" (PDF). Diário da República — I Série — n.º 301 — 31-12-1984 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. pp. 3976-(135)–3976-(136). Retrieved 15 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ "Variation ratio of resident population (2001–2011) (%) by Place of residence, Sex and Age group; Decennial–2011". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 20 November 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  58. ^ "Significado / definição de caldenses no Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa" (in Portuguese). Priberam Informática, S.A. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  59. ^ Serra, João B. (1995). Introdução à história das Caldas da Rainha (in Portuguese) (2a. ed. revista e aumentada. ed.). Caldas da Rainha: Património Histórico, Grupo de Estudos. pp. 119–121. ISBN 9728154062.
  60. ^ a b c Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (12 September 2013). "Lei n.º 75/2013 de 12 de setembro—Estabelece o regime jurídico das autarquias locais, aprova o estatuto das entidades intermunicipais, estabelece o regime jurídico da transferência de competências do Estado para as autarquias locais e para as entidades intermunicipais e aprova o regime jurídico do associativismo autárquico" (PDF). Diário da República, 1.ª série—N.º 176—12 de setembro de 2013 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. p. 5689. Retrieved 5 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ "Google Translate". Google. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  62. ^ "Google Translate". Google. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  63. ^ Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (18 September 1999). "Lei n.º 169/99 de 18 de Setembro: Estabelece o quadro de competências, assim como o regime jurídico de funcionamento, dos órgãos dos municípios e das freguesias" (PDF). Diário da República — I Série-A — N.º 219 — 18-9-1999 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. p. 6447. Retrieved 18 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ "Composição da Câmara Municipal das Caldas da Rainha". Portal Caldas da Rainha (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 19 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  65. ^ ":: Loures Município :: Conheça as Competências, o Executivo Municipal, Organograma e os Órgãos Consultivos" (in Portuguese). Câmara Municipal de Loures. Retrieved 13 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  66. ^ "Composição da Assembleia Municipal". Portal Caldas da Rainha (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 19 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  67. ^ Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)) (18 September 1999). "Lei n.º 169/99 de 18 de Setembro: Estabelece o quadro de competências, assim como o regime jurídico de funcionamento, dos órgãos dos municípios e das freguesias" (PDF). Diário da República — I Série-A — N.º 219 — 18-9-1999 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. p. 6444. Retrieved 18 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ "Mesa da Assembleia Municipal". Portal Caldas da Rainha (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 19 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  69. ^ a b "Geminações" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 12 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  70. ^ "Onde Comprar" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 29 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  71. ^ "Galerias Comerciais em Caldas da Rainha" (in Portuguese). iGoGo - Guia de Turismo e Lazer de Portugal. Retrieved 23 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  72. ^ "Acccro :: Associação Comercial dos Concelhos de Caldas da Rainha e Óbidos" (in Portuguese). Associação Comercial dos Concelhos das Caldas da Rainha e Óbidos. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ Sousa, Marlene (11 March 2009). "Associação comercial com portal na Internet". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). p. 26. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  74. ^ "Store locator | United Colors of Benetton - International". Bencom S.R.L. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  75. ^ "Bershka Portugal - Store finder". Bershka (Inditex). Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  76. ^ "Claire's - Stores". Claire's Accessories UK Limited. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  77. ^ "Store locator". ZARA (Inditex). Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  78. ^ "mango.com". Mango-On line, S.A. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  79. ^ "McDonald's - Restaurante: Caldas da Rainha". McDonald's. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  80. ^ "Store search". Oysho (Inditex). Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  81. ^ "PULL&BEAR Portugal - Store finder". PULL&BEAR (Inditex). Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  82. ^ "Staples ® Papelaria,Material Escritório,Toners,Tinteiros,Computadores Portáteis,Mobiliário de Escritório,Impressoras,Multifunções,Cópias & Impressão; – Caldas da Rainha". Staples Portugal. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  83. ^ "Stradivarius Portugal - Store search". Stradivarius (Inditex). Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  84. ^ "ALDI Portugal - Lojas e horários de funcionamento" (in Portuguese). ALDI Portugal - Supermercados, Lda. Retrieved 26 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  85. ^ "Lojas Perto de Si: Caldas - Continente Modelo" (in Portuguese). Modelo Continente Hipermercados, S.A. Retrieved 26 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  86. ^ "E.Leclerc Portugal" (in Portuguese). E.Leclerc Portugal. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  87. ^ "Lidl Portugal" (in Portuguese). Lidl & Cia. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  88. ^ "Lojas | Meu Super" (in Portuguese). MEU SUPER. Retrieved 26 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  89. ^ "Lojas | Minipreço" (in Portuguese). DIA Portugal - Supermercados, Sociedade Unipessoal, Lda. Retrieved 26 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  90. ^ "Grupo Auchan Portugal: Pao de Acucar das Caldas da Rainha" (in Portuguese). Grupo Auchan Portugal. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  91. ^ "Pesquisa Loja e Serviços | Pingo Doce: Resultados de Pesquisa > Leiria" (in Portuguese). Pingo Doce. Retrieved 26 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  92. ^ Gomes, Francisco (12 November 2008). "Abertura do Vivaci Caldas gera expectativa". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  93. ^ Narciso, Natacha; Susana Gonçalves (5 December 2008). "Oferta diversificada entre as principais marcas do novo centro comercial". Gazeta da Caldas (in Portuguese). {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  94. ^ "Caldasshopping abre portas". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). 31 December 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  95. ^ Narciso, Natacha (2 January 2009). "Abriu o CaldasShopping no centro da cidade". Gazeta das Caldas (in Portuguese). p. 22. Retrieved 27 April 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  96. ^ "Sonae Sierra » New Project Details". Sonae Sierra. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  97. ^ "Hotel establishments (No.) by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002) and Type (hotel establishment); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 18 November 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  98. ^ "Lodging capacity (No.) in hotel establishments by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002) and Type (hotel establishment); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 18 November 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  99. ^ "Average monthly earning (€) by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002); Annual–2011". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 11 October 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  100. ^ "Banks and savings banks establishments (No.) by Geographic localization (NUTS - 2002); Annual–2012". Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal). 5 November 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014. (Click "Change selection conditions" to choose Caldas da Rainha under Portugal > Continente > Centro > Oeste.)
  101. ^ a b c d Carreira, José (7 November 2013). "250 maiores empresas do distrito de Leiria" (PDF). Jornal de Leiria (in Portuguese). pp. 78–97 (of supplementary magazine). Retrieved 24 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  102. ^ "Presidente inaugurou Centro Cultural e Congressos das Caldas da Rainha - ATUALIDADE - PRESIDENCIA.PT" (in Portuguese). Presidência da República Portuguesa (Presidency of the Portuguese Republic). Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  103. ^ Lopes, Inês (13 August 2009). "Tasquinhas de volta à Expoeste". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  104. ^ "Museus" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  105. ^ "Atelier-Museu António Duarte". Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  106. ^ "Atelier-Museu João Fragoso". Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  107. ^ "Museu Barata Feyo". Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  108. ^ "Pavilhão de Ateliers". Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  109. ^ "Espaço Concas". Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  110. ^ "Simpetra [sic]". Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  111. ^ "Museu de Cerâmica - Caldas da Rainha". Turismo de Portugal. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  112. ^ "Casa Museu São Rafael" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  113. ^ "Museu do Hospital e C. R." (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  114. ^ "Museu José Malhoa" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  115. ^ "Monumentos – Museu de José Malhoa" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  116. ^ "Museu do Ciclismo" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  117. ^ Gomes, Francisco (17 June 2005). "Pirâmide com 48900 cavacas das Caldas". Jornal Oeste Online (in Portuguese). Associação Oeste. Archived from the original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  118. ^ "Doçaria" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 15 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  119. ^ "Gastronomia" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 15 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  120. ^ "Tejo". Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE). Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  121. ^ Câmara Municipal das Caldas da Rainha (2 July 2009). "Aviso n.º 11724/2009: Reserva Natural Local do Paul de Tornada" (PDF). Diário da República, 2.ª série — N.º 126 — 2 de Julho de 2009 (in Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, SA. pp. 25928–25932. Retrieved 21 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  122. ^ "Rotas temáticas" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  123. ^ "Monumentos – Igreja Matriz das Caldas da Rainha / Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo". Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  124. ^ "Monumentos – Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  125. ^ "Monumentos – Ermida de São Sebastião" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  126. ^ "Ermida de São Sebastião - Caldas da Rainha". Turismo de Portugal. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  127. ^ "Monumentos – Ermida do Espírito Santo" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  128. ^ "Monumentos – Capela de São Jacinto" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  129. ^ "Monumentos – Edifício dos Paços do Concelho das Caldas da Rainha / Junta de Freguesia de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  130. ^ a b "Roteiro toponímico da Cidade de Caldas da Rainha" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. p. 14. Retrieved 17 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  131. ^ Gomes, Francisco (12 April 2013). "Obras no Largo da Rainha vão encurtar zona de passagem de carros". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). Medioeste, Lda. Retrieved 17 October 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  132. ^ "jJrdim de Água, obra de Ferreira da Silva, Caldas da Rainhahttp://www.gocaldas.com | [sic]". gocaldas.com. Retrieved 21 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  133. ^ "Monumentos – Chafariz da Estrada da Foz" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  134. ^ "Monumentos – Chafariz da Rua Nova" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  135. ^ "Monumentos – Chafariz das Cinco Bicas" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  136. ^ "Monumentos – Estação da Mala-Posta do Casal dos Carreiros" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  137. ^ "Monumentos – Pelourinho de Santa Catarina" (in Portuguese). Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana / Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  138. ^ a b c "Comboios Regionais > Linha do Oeste" (PDF). Comboios de Portugal. 8 September 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  139. ^ "Comboios Regionais > Linha do Oeste" (PDF). Comboios de Portugal. 11 December 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (old schedule prior to elimination of Campo–Serra and Bouro stops)
  140. ^ "Rodoviária do Tejo :: Informações :: Rede de Vendas" (in Portuguese). Rodoviária do Tejo. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  141. ^ "Rodoviária do Tejo :: Rápidas" (in Portuguese). Rodoviária do Tejo. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  142. ^ "Rápida Verde" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Rodoviária do Tejo. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  143. ^ "Rápida Rosa" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Rodoviária do Tejo. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  144. ^ "Rápida Caldas da Rainha–Santarém" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Rodoviária do Tejo. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  145. ^ Gomes, Francisco (16 May 2007). "Tomar o autocarro na cidade". Jornal Oeste Online (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  146. ^ "Mapa da Rede" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 24 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  147. ^ Aboim, João (4 September 2009). "Reformular os transportes públicos entre Caldas da Rainha e a Tornada". Gazeta das Caldas (in Portuguese). pp. 32–33. Retrieved 27 April 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  148. ^ "Relatório e Contas Consolidado 2012" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Rodoviária do Tejo, SA. Retrieved 24 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  149. ^ Sousa, Marlene (18 September 2013). "Nova oferta do transporte público para o concelho marca Semana Europeia da Mobilidade". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 January 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  150. ^ "Rodoviária do Tejo :: Notícias :: Detalhe – Rede RoCaldas, a Rede de Transporte do Concelho de Caldas da Rainha" (in Portuguese). Rodoviária do Tejo. Retrieved 24 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  151. ^ "Rede RoCaldas" (in Portuguese). Rede RoCaldas. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  152. ^ a b "Mapa" (in Portuguese). Autoestradas do Atlântico. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  153. ^ "Fundamental (IP)" (in Portuguese). Estradas de Portugal. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  154. ^ a b "PRN 2000" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Estradas de Portugal. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  155. ^ "Complementar (IC)". Estradas de Portugal. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  156. ^ a b c "Complementar (EN)" (in Portuguese). Estradas de Portugal. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  157. ^ "N114, Peniche, Portugal – Google Maps". Google. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  158. ^ "N114-1, Caldas da Rainha, Portugal – Google Maps". Google. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  159. ^ "N115, Portugal – Google Maps". Google. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  160. ^ "N360, Caldas da Rainha, Portugal – Google Maps". Google. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  161. ^ "N361, Portugal – Google Maps". Google. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  162. ^ "Av. Atlântica, Caldas da Rainha, Portugal – Google Maps". Google. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  163. ^ "Educação" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 7 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  164. ^ "ESAD" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  165. ^ "Escola Superior de Artes e Design de Caldas da Rainha" (in Portuguese). Escola Superior de Artes e Design de Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  166. ^ "Portaria n.º 1131/90 de 15 de Novembro". Diário da República — I Série — N.º 264 — 15-11-1990 (in Portuguese). Ministério da Educação (Ministry of Education). 15 November 1990. p. 4701. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  167. ^ Sousa, Marlene (20 July 2011). "Pólo das Caldas da Universidade Católica vai fechar por falta de alunos". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). pp. 1, 3. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  168. ^ "Ensino Técnico-Profissional e Formação Profissional" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  169. ^ "Escola Empresarial do Oeste - ETEO" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  170. ^ "ETEO | Escola Técnica Empresarial do Oeste" (in Portuguese). APEPO – Associação Para o Ensino Profissional do Oeste. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  171. ^ "CENCAL" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  172. ^ "CENCAL" (in Portuguese). CENCAL. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  173. ^ "CENFIM" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  174. ^ "CENFIM" (in Portuguese). CENFIM - Centro de Formação Profissional da Indústria Metalúrgica e Metalomecânica. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  175. ^ "Escola Profissional de Sargentos do Exercito" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  176. ^ "Escola de Sargentos do Exercito" (in Portuguese). Exército Português. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  177. ^ "Escola de Hotelaria e Turismo do Oeste" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  178. ^ "Escola de Hotelaria e Turismo do Oeste | Escolas do Turismo de Portugal" (in Portuguese). Turismo de Portugal. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  179. ^ Assembleia de República (14 October 1986). "Lei N.º 46/86 de 14 de Outubro: Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo" (PDF) (in Portuguese). pp. 3067–3081. Retrieved 19 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  180. ^ "Escolas Secundárias" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  181. ^ "ES Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  182. ^ "ES Raul Proença" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  183. ^ "EB 2,3 Públicos" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 12 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  184. ^ "EB 2,3 D. João II" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  185. ^ "EBI Santo Onofre" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  186. ^ "EBI Santa Catarina" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  187. ^ a b "1º Ciclo Ensino Básico" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  188. ^ a b "Jardins de Infância" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  189. ^ a b "EB 2,3 de Gestão Privada" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  190. ^ "Histórico" (in Portuguese). Colégio Rainha D. Leonor. Retrieved 27 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  191. ^ "Colégio Frei Cristovão > Escola > Histórico" (in Portuguese). Colégio Frei Cristovão. Retrieved 27 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  192. ^ a b c "Outros Estabelecimentos de Ensino" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  193. ^ "Centro de Educação Especial Rainha Dona Leonor" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  194. ^ "CCR - Conservatório Caldas da Rainha - Home" (in Portuguese). Conservatório das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  195. ^ "Escola Vocacional de Dança : Pimpões" (in Portuguese). Pimpões - Sociedade de Instrução e Recreio. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  196. ^ "Portal da Saúde - Hospital - Hospital Distrital Caldas da Rainha (Centro Hospitalar do Oeste)" (in Portuguese). Ministério da Saúde. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  197. ^ "Centro Hospitalar do Oeste - Início" (in Portuguese). Ministério da Saúde. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  198. ^ Cipriano, Carlos (2 May 2014). "Caldas da Rainha é o concelho do Oeste com mais médicos por habitante" (PDF). Gazeta das Caldas (in Portuguese). p. II (supplement). Retrieved 7 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  199. ^ "Portal da Saúde - Hospital - Hospital Termal Rainha D. Leonor (Centro Hospitalar do Oeste)" (in Portuguese). Ministério da Saúde. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  200. ^ Kensett, R.G., ed. (31 December 1990). The Changing Scene of Health Care and Technology: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Hospital Engineering, June 1990, London, UK (Google Books). London: Taylor & Francis. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-419-16740-2. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  201. ^ "Spring Water Hospital Queen D. Leonor" (PDF). Centro Hospitalar das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  202. ^ "Portal da Saúde - Centro de Saúde - Centro de Saúde Caldas da Rainha" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  203. ^ "Portal da Saúde - Prestadores" (in Portuguese). Ministério da Saúde. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  204. ^ "Farmícias de Serviço - Caldas da Rainha" (in Portuguese). 1000 Empresas, Desenvolvimento de Aplicações para Internet, Lda. Retrieved 27 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  205. ^ "Bombeiros" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  206. ^ "Policia de Segurança Publica :: A PSP :: Onde Estamos" (in Portuguese). Polícia de Segurança Pública. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  207. ^ "Contactos" (in Portuguese). Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR). Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  208. ^ "Contactos" (in Portuguese). Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR). Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  209. ^ a b "Espaços Outdoor" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  210. ^ "Novos campos de ténis inaugurados no Complexo Desportivo Municipal". Jornal das Caldas (in Portuguese). 15 October 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  211. ^ "Piscinas" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  212. ^ "Pavilhões" (in Portuguese). Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  213. ^ "Ciclovias / Circuitos Pedonais". Município das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  214. ^ ":: TOIROS&Cultura ::" (in Portuguese). Paulo Pessoa de Carvalho, Lda. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  215. ^ "Carta Nobre do Grupo de Forcados Amadores das Caldas da Rainha" (in Portuguese). Grupo de Forcados Amadores das Caldas da Rainha. Retrieved 15 May 2014. Aperfeiçoar a arte de pegar toiros. [Perfecting the art of catching bulls.] {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  216. ^ "Caldas Sport Clube, Caldas da Rainha, futebol" (in Portuguese). Caldas Sport Clube. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  217. ^ "Federação Portuguesa de Badminton" (in Portuguese). Federação Portuguesa de Badminton. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  218. ^ "Novidades" (in Portuguese). Federação Portuguesa da Badminton. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 26 October 2011 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  219. ^ "José Malhoa (pintor) - vida e obra" (in Portuguese). Ten to Ten. Retrieved 15 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  220. ^ "Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro". infopédia (in Portuguese). Porto Editora. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  221. ^ "Faianças Artísticas Bordallo Pinheiro" (Adobe Flash). Faianças Artísticas Bordallo Pinheiro. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  222. ^ "Patriarcado de Lisboa: D. José da Cruz Policarpo" (in Portuguese). Patriarcado de Lisboa. Retrieved 12 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  223. ^ "Raul Proença". infopédia (in Portuguese). Porto Editora. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  224. ^ "index" (Adobe Flash) (in Portuguese). Escola Secundária Raul Proença. Retrieved 15 May 2014.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caldas da Rainha.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Caldas da Rainha.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caldas_da_Rainha&oldid=630446562"