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'''Pratap Singh I''' ({{audio|Maharana Pratap.ogg|pronunciation}}) (9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597) popularly known as '''Maharana Pratap''', was a Rajput |
'''Pratap Singh I''' ({{audio|Maharana Pratap.ogg|pronunciation}}) (9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597) popularly known as '''Maharana Pratap''', was a Rajput king of [[Mewar]], a region in north-western India in the present day state of [[Rajasthan]]. |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Revision as of 02:44, 18 February 2018
| Maharana Pratap | |
|---|---|
| 12th Maharana of Mewar | |
 Pratap Singh I in a painting by Raja Ravi Varma | |
| Maharana of Mewar | |
| Reign | 1 March 1572 – 19 January 1597[1] |
| Predecessor | Udai Singh II |
| Successor | Amar Singh I |
| Ministers | Bhamashah |
| Born | 9 May 1540 Kumbhalgarh Fort, Rajasthan[2] |
| Died | 19 January 1597 (aged 56) [3] Chavand, Rajasthan |
| Burial | Cremated in Vandoli village |
| Spouse | Maharani Ajabde (consort) 10 other wives |
| Issue | Amar Singh I Bhagwan Das |
| Father | Udai Singh II |
| Mother | Jaivanta Bai |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar II (1326–1971) |
|---|
|
Pratap Singh I () (9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597) popularly known as Maharana Pratap, was a Rajput king of Mewar, a region in north-western India in the present day state of Rajasthan.
Biography
Early Life and Accession
Mahrana Pratap was born to Udai Singh II and Jaiwanta Bai.[4][5][6]
Rani Dheer Bai wanted her son Jagmal to succeed Udai Singh[7] but senior courtiers preferred Pratap, as the eldest son, to be their king. The desire of the nobles prevailed and Pratap was crowned on 1 March 1572.[8]
Battle of Haldighati
The grim Siege of Chittorgarh in 1568 had led to the loss of the fertile eastern belt of Mewar to the Mughals. However, the rest of the wooded and hilly kingdom was still under the control of the Rana. The Mughal emperor Akbar was intent on securing a stable route to Gujarat through Mewar; when Pratap Singh was crowned king (Rana) in 1572, Akbar sent a number of envoys entreating the Rana to become a vassal like many other Rajput leaders in the region. When the Rana refused to personally submit to Akbar, war became inevitable.[9][10]
The Battle of Haldighati was fought on 18 June 1576 between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh I of Amber. The Mughals were the victors and inflicted significant casualties among the Mewaris but failed to capture Pratap, who escaped. The site of the battle was a narrow mountain pass at Haldighati near Gogunda in Rajasthan. Maharana Pratap fielded a force of around 3,000 cavalry and 400 Bhil archers. The Mughals were led by Raja Man Singh of Amber, who commanded an army numbering around 5,000–10,000 men. After a fierce battle lasting more than three hours, Pratap found himself wounded and the day lost. While a few of his men bought him time, he managed to make an escape to the hills and lived to fight another day. The casualties for Mewar numbered around 1600 men. The Mughal army lost 150 men, with another 350 wounded.[11]
Haldighati was a futile victory for the Mughals, as they were unable to oust Maharana Pratap. While they were able to capture Gogunda and nearby areas, they were unable to hold onto them for long. As soon as the empire's focus shifted elsewhere, Pratap and his army came out of hiding and recaptured the western regions of his dominion.[12]
Resurgence
Mughal pressure on Mewar relaxed after 1579 following rebellions in Bengal and Bihar and Mirza Hakim's incursion into the Punjab. In 1585, Akbar moved to Lahore and remained there for the next twelve years watching the situation in the north-west. No Mughal expedition was sent to Mewar during this period. Taking advantage of the situation, Pratap recovered Western Mewar including Kumbhalgarh, Udaipur and Gogunda. During this period, he also built a new capital, Chavand, near modern Dungarpur.[13]
Death and legacy
Reportedly, Pratap died of injuries sustained in a hunting accident[14] at Chavand[13]on 19 January 1597[15], aged 56.[16][17] He was succeeded by his eldest son, Amar Singh I.
Historian Satish Chandra notes that
Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and unaided by the other Rajput states, constitute a glorious saga of Rajput valour and the spirit of self sacrifice for cherished principles. Rana Pratap's methods of sporadic warfare was later elaborated further by Malik Ambar, the Deccani general, and by Shivaji.[18]
Television depictions
- 2011–2014: Jodha Akbar, broadcast on Zee TV, where he was played by Anurag Sharma
- 2013–2015: Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap, broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television (India), where he was portrayed by Sharad Malhotra and Faisal Khan
- 2016 : ABP News presented Bharatvarsh, in which the episode 8 showcase the story of Maharana Pratap
Notes
- ^ Maharana Pratap - Encyclopaedia Brittanica
- ^ Köpping, Klaus-Peter; Leistle, Bernhard; Rudolph, Michael, eds. (2006). Ritual and Identity: Performative Practices as Effective Transformations of Social Reality. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 286. ISBN 978-3-82588-042-2.
- ^ Maharana Pratap - Encyclopaedia Brittanica
- ^ Rana 2004, pp. 28, 105.
- ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1994). A History of Jaipur. p. 48. ISBN 978-8-12500-333-5.
- ^ Daryanani, Mohan B. (1999). Who's who on Indian Stamps. p. 302. ISBN 978-8-49311-010-9.
- ^ Lal, Muni (1980). Akbar. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-70691-076-6.
- ^ Tod, James (1829, reprint 2002). Annals & Antiquities of Rajas'than, Vol.I, Rupa, New Delhi, ISBN 81-7167-366-X, p.252-64
- ^ Sarkar 1960, p. 75.
- ^ Chandra 2005, pp. 119–120.
- ^ Sarkar 1960, p. 77–79.
- ^ Chandra 2005, pp. 121–122.
- ^ a b Chandra 2005, p. 122.
- ^ Sharma, Sri Ram (2005). Maharana Pratap. p. 91. ISBN 978-8-17871-003-7.
- ^ Maharana Pratap - Encyclopaedia Brittanica
- ^ Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R. (2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). p. 46. ISBN 978-8-17625-841-8.
- ^ http://www.chittorgarh.com/maharana-pratap.asp
- ^ Chandra, Satish (2000). Medieval India. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training. p. 164.
References
- Sarkar, Jadunath (1960). Military History of India. Orient Longmans. pp. 75–81.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India (Part Two): From Sultanat to the Mughals. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124110669.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Rana, Dr. Bhawan Singh (2004), Maharana Pratap, Diamond Pocket Books, ISBN 9788128808258
External links
