July 11

July 11 is the 192nd day (193th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining.

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Events:

• 1302 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) - the Flemish cities beat the king of France
• 1346 - Charles IV of Luxembourg elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1533 - King Henry VIII of England is excommunicated.
• 1740 - Jews expelled from Little Russia.
• 1798 - The United States Marine Corps is established.
• 1804 - In a duel, Vice President Aaron Burr kills Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
• 1811 - Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoire about molecular content of gases.
• 1848 - The Waterloo railway station in London opens.
• 1859 - A Tale Of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published.
• 1864 - Confederate forces attempt an invasion of Washington DC.
• 1895 - The brothers Lumière show film for scientists.
• 1897 - Solomon Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to try to reach the North pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies, probably of carbon monoxide poisoning.
• 1914 - Babe Ruth debuts in major league baseball.
• 1919 - Eight-hour working day and free Sunday made into law in the Netherlands.
• 1921 - Mongolia becomes independent (from China).
• 1943 - The Germans counter-attack on Sicily.
• 1944 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt says he will run for a fourth term as president of the United States.
• 1955 - The phrase In God We Trust is added to all US currency.
• 1960 - Dahomey (now Benin), Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), and Niger all gain independence.
• 1962 - First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
• 1962 - Soviet cosmonaut Micolaev is four days in space, a record.
• 1971 - Copper mines in Chile nationalised.
• 1973 - A Brazilian Boeing 707 crashes near Paris. 122 people die.
• 1975 - Chinese archeologists discover a large burial site with 6,000 clay statutes of warriors from 221 BC.
• 1977 - Martin Luther King is posthumously rewarded the Medal of Freedom.
• 1979 - The space station Skylab returns to Earth.
• 1987 - According to the United Nations, on this day the world population crosses the 5,000,000,000 mark.
• 1991 - Nigerian DC8 crashes near Jeddah, 261 dead.
• 1991 - Total solar eclipse in Hawaii.
• 1995 - Full diplomatic relations are established between the United States and Vietnam.
• 1995 - Bosnian Serbs capture the Muslim city of Srebrenica. Many inhabitants are murdered.

Births:

• 1274 - Robert Bruce, king of Scotland (1306-1329)
• 1657 - Frederick I, king of Prussia (1701-1713)
• 1754 - Thomas Bowdler, medical doctor and literary censor
• 1767 - John Quincy Adams, president of the United States (1825-1829)
• 1899 - E. B. White, writer
• 1913 - Cordwainer Smith, writer
• 1920 - Yul Brynner, born "Taidje Khan," actor
• 1934 - Giorgio Armani, fashion designer
• 1939 - Seth Gaaikema, Dutch comedian
• 1957 - Michael Rose, musician (Black Uhuru)
• 1959 - Suzanne Vega, singer
• 1960 - Richie Sambora, singer/guitarist (Bon Jovi)

Deaths:

• ca. 155 - Pope Pius I
• 1804 - Alexander Hamilton, United States Secretary of the Treasury (duel)
• 1971 - John W. Campbell, science fiction writer and editor
• 2001 - Herman Brood, singer and artist (suicide)

Holidays and observances:

• Belgium - Flemish Day (1302)
• Burkina Faso - Independence Day (1960)
• Benin - Independence Day (1960)
• Côte d'Ivoire - Independence Day (1960)
• Niger - Independence Day (1960)
• Feast Day of St. Olga (first Russian Saint)
• Feast Day of Saint Benedictus (founder of the Benedictine Order)

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July 10 - July 12 - June 11 - August 11 - more historical anniversaries

See Also: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December