Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster: Difference between revisions

Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster
	Chief Head of the Indonesian National Police Listyo Sigit Prabowo in Kanjuruhan Stadium
Date	1 October 2022
Location	Kanjuruhan Stadium, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Coordinates	08°09′01″S 112°34′26″E / 8.15028°S 112.57389°E
Deaths	131
Non-fatal injuries	323

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Revision as of 14:13, 4 October 2022

A fatal human crush took place during an association football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium, in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, on 1 October 2022.^[3] Following a loss by home side Arema FC to Persebaya Surabaya, around 3,000 Arema supporters invaded the pitch^[4]^[5] and rioted, attacking police and the players. In response, riot police units deployed tear gas, which triggered a stampede of people in the stadium trying to escape from the effects of the gas. A crush formed at an exit, resulting in fans being asphyxiated.^[6]

The Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs Muhadjir Effendy announced that the final number of casualties was 448, with 125 people dead, 302 people suffering minor injuries, and 21 people suffering serious injuries.^[1] The Malang City Offices of Health provided a slightly larger number of deaths, with 131 people dead. The incident is the deadliest football-related disaster in Asia, as well as the second-deadliest worldwide after the Estadio Nacional disaster in Peru.

Background

Football hooliganism has had a long history in Indonesia, with dozens of supporters being killed since the 1990s. Several teams' fan clubs have so-called "commanders", and riot police units are present in many matches with flares often being used to disperse rioting crowds invading the pitch.^[7] In 2018, riots at Kanjuruhan following a match between Malang's Arema FC and Persib Bandung had resulted in a fatality after riot police employed tear gas to disperse crowds.^[8]

Although FIFA regulation 19b states that tear gas should not be used in stadiums by pitchside stewards or police,^[9] it is employed by Indonesian police riot units for securing football matches.^[10] FIFA regulations are optional when an association or confederation arranges an event by its own competition regulations. Therefore, the regulations may only serve as guidelines.^[9]^[a]

Arema and Persebaya Surabaya, longstanding rival clubs as the Super East Java Derby, were scheduled to play a Liga 1 regular season match at Malang's 42,000-capacity Kanjuruhan Stadium on 1 October.^[11] Due to security concerns, police had requested that the match be held earlier in the afternoon at 15:30 WIB (08:30 UTC) instead of at 20:00 (13:00 UTC), and that only 38,000 people be allowed to spectate; however the request was not accepted by Liga 1 officials and match organizers, and 42,000 tickets were printed.^[12]^[11]^[13]^[14] Following police advice, however, tickets to the match were not provided for Persebaya supporters.^[15]

Disaster

Throughout the match itself, the security situation had been smooth and without major incidents.^[16] Following the end of the match, in which Persebaya defeated Arema FC 3–2, two spectators entered the field to take photos with Arema players; this triggered other supporters to enter the field area.^[17] Approximately 3,000 supporters of Arema FC, nicknamed Aremania, invaded the pitch.^[18]^[19] They scattered around the pitch looking for their team's players and officials, demanding their explanation of the defeat "after 23 years of undefeated home matches" against its rival Persebaya.^[20] Security officials and police tried to divert more Aremania away from the pitch, but to no avail.^[16] Then Aremania proceeded to throw objects, damaged police vehicles and started fires in the stadium,^[18]^[21] forcing Persebaya's players to rush for cover inside locker rooms and then be rushed again into police armored personnel carriers for an hour before they could leave the stadium.^[16]

After a failed "preventive measure",^[20] the police began using tear gas in an attempt to disperse the rioters on the pitch, but the police also shot tear gas towards the stands; stands 12, 14, south and north stands were targeted,^[18]^[22]^[23]^[24] affecting Aremania invading the pitch and other people there,^[18] causing Aremania to run frantically for the single exit point (gate 12, gate 13 and gate 14) to avoid the tear gas but all gates were locked (most victims were found at gate 13),^[20]^[25]^[26] resulting in a crowd crush and asphyxiation.^[10] Tear gas was also shot outside the stadium.^[24] The police said that ten police vehicles and three private vehicles were destroyed by the Aremania.^[27]

In the immediate aftermath of the riot, the players' lobby and changing rooms were used as makeshift evacuation posts, with Arema FC players and officials helping to evacuate victims still in the stadium. The victims were taken to hospitals by ambulances and Indonesian Army trucks.^[18] Many died on the way to or during treatment.^[20]^[28]

Casualties

File:Funeral Procession for One of the Victims of the Kanjuruhan Stadium Stampede in Nglegok, Blitar, East Java.jpg

The funeral procession for one of the victims in Nglegok, Blitar Regency

Emil Dardak, Vice Governor of East Java [id], stated that 131 people were killed in the incident, according to sources from Malang Regency and Malang City Offices of Health.^[29] Aremania disputed the official number, alleging that more than 200 people may be killed, as some of the dead bodies are immediately returned to their families instead of being transported to the hospital.^[30] Among the confirmed casualties from police reports are at least 125 Arema FC supporters and 2 police officers.^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34] Minors, mostly from ages 12 to 17, are also included within the casualties, with 17 dead and 7 injured.^[35]^[36]^[37] The number is expected to increase as some of the treated victims were "deteriorating".^[38] Among the fatalities, 34 were killed within the stadium, while the rest died while receiving medical treatment.^[39] The reported numbers of injured casualties varied between 180 and 310.^[40]^[41]^[42] On 4 October 2022, the names of 131 victims were released.^[2]

Following a meeting with various officials of the Malang and East Java regional government, Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs Muhadjir Effendy anounced that "the final amount of casualties, which have been verified by all parties involved, including the Police and the organizers, are 448 casualties". Muhadjir further specified that out of the 448 casualties, 125 people died, 302 people suffered minor injuries, and 21 people suffered serious injuries.^[1] This number of casualties is disputed by human rights organization KontraS.^[43]

The municipal government of Malang paid for the medical treatment of victims.^[44] Kepanjen Regional Hospital and Wava Hospital are reported to be full of victims from the disaster, leading to some being sent to other hospitals around the city.^[45]^[46]

The disaster is the second-deadliest in the history of association football worldwide, after the 1964 Estadio Nacional disaster in Peru which killed 328 people. It is also the deadliest in both Asia and Indonesia.^[47]

Investigation

The National Commission on Human Rights of Indonesia plans to investigate the incident and the use of tear gas by police.^[48] Although FIFA's rules say that tear gas should not be used inside stadiums, the chief of regional police defended its use, citing the threats posed by the rioters to team's players and officials.^[10] However, the police also stated that they will evaluate the use of tear gas.^[49] Investigators are also examining the role of 18 police officers who operated the tear gas launcher.^[50]

On 3 October 2022, a joint fact-finding team, headed by Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs Mahfud MD and Minister of Youth and Sports Zainudin Amali, has been formed.^[51]^[52] No members of the Football Association of Indonesia joined the fact-finding team.^[53]

Legal

Following the incident, there were calls from the Institute for Security and Strategic Studies (ISESS), an Indonesian defence and security think tank, and the Indonesian Police Watch (IPW) to dismiss the Malang police chief, Adjunct Chief Commissioner Ferli Hidayat. ISESS also demanded the dismissal of the East Java police chief Inspector General Nico Afinta, while IPW requested Afinta to bring the organizers of the match to trial.^[54]^[55]

The PSSI Disciplinary Commission imposed a lifetime ban on football activities to the chairman of the Arema FC match organizing committee, Abdul Haris and Arema security officer, Suko Sutrisno. In addition, Arema subjected to 250 mio fined and Arema is prohibited from holding matches with spectators as hosts. The match must be held in a place far from the Malang home base, up to 250 km from the location.^[56]

Aftermath

As a result of the incident, all Liga 1 and Liga 2 matches were suspended for 2 weeks.^[3]^[57]^[58] The Football Association of Indonesia apologized for the incident and announced a ban on home matches for Arema for the rest of the season.^[59]^[60] President Joko Widodo later instructed the association to suspend all Liga 1 matches until all "evaluation of improvement of security procedures" is carried out.^[61] Football Association of Indonesia also stated that the decision to continue to hold the match by PT Liga Indonesia Baru, which is the organizer of the match, had been agreed with other stakeholders of Indonesian football.^[14]^[62]

On 3 October 2022, two days after the incident, the Chief of the Indonesian National Police Listyo Prabowo removed Head of Police of Malang, Police Adjunct Chief Commissioner Ferli Hidayat from his duties. Nine officers from East Java Mobile Brigade Corps were also removed.^[63]

Also on 3 October 2022, PSSI announced that the 2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification group B matches, which is held in Indonesia, will be played behind closed doors starting that night.^[64]

On 4 October 2022, a police officer was held in custody for 21 days for using the official Twitter account of Srandakan police tweeting "Die!" and "Salute to the soldiers! Destroy them!" in response to Indonesian netizens discussing about the use of tear gas in the incident.^[65]^[66]

After the incident, a video showing Indonesian soldiers beating and kicking on Arema supporters surfaced. Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Andika Perkasa promised that the act is not considered as self defense, and the soldiers involved will be charged with criminal law.^[67]

The Governor of East Java Khofifah Indar Parawansa announced that the government of East Java would provide financial compensation for the relatives of the victims. Each next-of-kin of the deceased would receive Rp10 million (US$698.9), while the wounded victims would receive Rp5 million (US$349.45).^[68]

Deputy Chairman of Commission III of the DPR-RI Ahmad Sahroni condemned the actions of the officers throwing tear gas at the stands which were filled with people. According to him, the use of tear gas in stadiums is prohibited by FIFA and is not included in the standard operating procedures for securing football matches. Sahroni asked the National Police Chief General Listyo Sigit Prabowo to take firm action against the officers responsible for the use of tear gas.^[69]^[70]

Notes

^ FIFA regulations 1 through 3 state when the regulations should apply.^[9]

References

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External links

Media related to Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster at Wikimedia Commons

[11] FIFA regulations 1 through 3 state when the regulations should apply.^[9]

[CNNMuhadjir-1] "Round Up Tragedi Kanjuruhan: 125 Meninggal, 21 Luka Berat" [Round Up of the Kanjuruhan Tragedy: 125 Fatalities, 21 Heavy Injuries]. CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.

[Kompas-2] Media, Kompas Cyber (4 October 2022). "Ini Nama-nama 131 Korban Tewas dalam Tragedi Kanjuruhan". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

[ratcliffe_02102022-3] Ratcliffe, Rebecca; Connett, David; Fultondate, Adam (1 October 2022). "More than 120 people reportedly killed in riot at Indonesian football match". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[4] "Tragedi Kanjuruhan, Polisi: 3.000 Penonton Turun ke Lapangan Usai Laga Arema Vs Persebaya" [Kanjuruhan Tragedy, Police: 3.000 Viewers Came Down to the Pitch After Arema Vs Persebaya Match]. Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

[5] "Polisi Sebut dari 40 Ribu Penonton, 3.000 yang Anarkis Masuk Lapangan" [Police Says Out of 40 Thousands Viewers, 3.000 Who Were Anarchistic Entered the Pitch]. Detik.com (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

[6] "Stadium tragedy exposes Indonesia's troubled soccer history". AP. 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

[7] Cave, Damien (1 October 2022). "Riots at Indonesian Soccer Match Leave Several Fans Dead". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[8] "Terulang, Tragedi Kelam 'Kanjuruhan Disaster' 2018 Silam". VIVA.co.id (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[fifa-regulation-9] "FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulations" (PDF). p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[teargasbanned-10] "Dilarang FIFA, Kenapa Ada Tembakan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan?". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2 October 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[rbogor-12] "Arema Vs Persebaya ubah jadwal main untuk keamanan". Radar Bogor (in Indonesian). 27 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[13] Rizqo, Kanavino Ahmad. "127 Orang Tewas, Panpel Tolak Usul Polisi Percepat Pertandingan ke Sore Hari". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

[14] Indonesia, C. N. N. "Mahfud soal Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Kapasitas 38 Ribu, Cetak Tiket 42 Ribu". nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

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 == Disaster ==
-Throughout the match itself, the security situation had been smooth and without major incidents.<ref name="cnni"/> Following the end of the match, in which Persebaya defeated Arema FC 3–2, two spectators entered the field to take photos with Arema players; this triggered other supporters to enter the field area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indonesia |first=C. N. N. |title=Aremania Bantur: Kronologi Tragedi Kanjuruhan Dipicu dari Minta Foto |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221003071649-142-855486/aremania-bantur-kronologi-tragedi-kanjuruhan-dipicu-dari-minta-foto |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=olahraga |language=id-ID |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004124956/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221003071649-142-855486/aremania-bantur-kronologi-tragedi-kanjuruhan-dipicu-dari-minta-foto |url-status=live }}</ref> Approximately 3,000 supporters of Arema FC, nicknamed [[Aremania]], [[Pitch invasion|invaded the pitch]].<ref name="bantu"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Dari 127 Korban Tewas, 34 Orang Meninggal di Stadion Kanjuruhan dalam Kerusuhan di Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya Surabaya |url=https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/10/02/337/2678968/dari-127-korban-tewas-34-orang-meninggal-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-dalam-kerusuhan-di-laga-arema-fc-vs-persebaya-surabaya?page=2 |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=Okezone |date=2 October 2022 |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014758/https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/10/02/337/2678968/dari-127-korban-tewas-34-orang-meninggal-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-dalam-kerusuhan-di-laga-arema-fc-vs-persebaya-surabaya?page=2 |url-status=live}}</ref> They scattered around the pitch looking for their team's players and officials, demanding their explanation of the defeat "after 23 years of undefeated home matches" against its rival Persebaya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Indonesia soccer match death toll clims to 174 die as tear gas triggers crush |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/indonesia-soccer-stampede-tear-gas-police-fifa-arema-fc-persebaya/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Security officials and police tried to divert more Aremania away from the pitch, but to no avail.<ref name="cnni" /> Then Aremania proceeded to threw objects, damaged police vehicles and started fires in the stadium,<ref name="bantu" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2022 |title=Kronologi Tragedi di Stadion Kanjuruhan Malang Versi Saksi Mata dan Polisi |url=https://republika.co.id/share/rj3pys430 |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=Republika Online |language=id}}</ref> forcing Persebaya's players to rush for cover inside locker rooms and then be rushed again into police [[armored personnel carriers]] for an hour before they could leave the stadium.<ref name="cnni">{{cite news |title=Kronologi Kerusuhan Usai Arema vs Persebaya yang Tewaskan 127 Orang |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221002054749-142-855190/kronologi-kerusuhan-usai-arema-vs-persebaya-yang-tewaskan-127-orang |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=CNN Indonesia |date=2 October 2022 |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014800/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221002054749-142-855190/kronologi-kerusuhan-usai-arema-vs-persebaya-yang-tewaskan-127-orang |url-status=live}}</ref>
+Throughout the match itself, the security situation had been smooth and without major incidents.<ref name="cnni"/> Following the end of the match, in which Persebaya defeated Arema FC 3–2, two spectators entered the field to take photos with Arema players; this triggered other supporters to enter the field area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indonesia |first=C. N. N. |title=Aremania Bantur: Kronologi Tragedi Kanjuruhan Dipicu dari Minta Foto |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221003071649-142-855486/aremania-bantur-kronologi-tragedi-kanjuruhan-dipicu-dari-minta-foto |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=olahraga |language=id-ID |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004124956/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221003071649-142-855486/aremania-bantur-kronologi-tragedi-kanjuruhan-dipicu-dari-minta-foto |url-status=live }}</ref> Approximately 3,000 supporters of Arema FC, nicknamed [[Aremania]], [[Pitch invasion|invaded the pitch]].<ref name="bantu"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Dari 127 Korban Tewas, 34 Orang Meninggal di Stadion Kanjuruhan dalam Kerusuhan di Laga Arema FC vs Persebaya Surabaya |url=https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/10/02/337/2678968/dari-127-korban-tewas-34-orang-meninggal-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-dalam-kerusuhan-di-laga-arema-fc-vs-persebaya-surabaya?page=2 |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=Okezone |date=2 October 2022 |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014758/https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/10/02/337/2678968/dari-127-korban-tewas-34-orang-meninggal-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-dalam-kerusuhan-di-laga-arema-fc-vs-persebaya-surabaya?page=2 |url-status=live}}</ref> They scattered around the pitch looking for their team's players and officials, demanding their explanation of the defeat "after 23 years of undefeated home matches" against its rival Persebaya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Indonesia soccer match death toll clims to 174 die as tear gas triggers crush |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/indonesia-soccer-stampede-tear-gas-police-fifa-arema-fc-persebaya/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Security officials and police tried to divert more Aremania away from the pitch, but to no avail.<ref name="cnni" /> Then Aremania proceeded to throw objects, damaged police vehicles and started fires in the stadium,<ref name="bantu" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2022 |title=Kronologi Tragedi di Stadion Kanjuruhan Malang Versi Saksi Mata dan Polisi |url=https://republika.co.id/share/rj3pys430 |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=Republika Online |language=id}}</ref> forcing Persebaya's players to rush for cover inside locker rooms and then be rushed again into police [[armored personnel carriers]] for an hour before they could leave the stadium.<ref name="cnni">{{cite news |title=Kronologi Kerusuhan Usai Arema vs Persebaya yang Tewaskan 127 Orang |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221002054749-142-855190/kronologi-kerusuhan-usai-arema-vs-persebaya-yang-tewaskan-127-orang |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=CNN Indonesia |date=2 October 2022 |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014800/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221002054749-142-855190/kronologi-kerusuhan-usai-arema-vs-persebaya-yang-tewaskan-127-orang |url-status=live}}</ref>
 After a failed "preventive measure",<ref name=":1" /> the police began using tear gas in an attempt to disperse the rioters on the pitch, but the police also shot tear gas towards the stands; stands 12, 14, south and north stands were targeted,<ref name="bantu" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aminudin |first=Muhammad |title=Alasan Polisi Tembakkan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan: Suporter Sudah Anarkis |url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/sepakbola/d-6324001/alasan-polisi-tembakkan-gas-air-mata-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-suporter-sudah-anarkis |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=detikjatim |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002072910/https://www.detik.com/jatim/sepakbola/d-6324001/alasan-polisi-tembakkan-gas-air-mata-di-stadion-kanjuruhan-suporter-sudah-anarkis |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2 October 2022 |title=Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang, Tofan Selamat, Sempat Sesak Napas Usai Hirup Gas Air Mata dan Sulit Dapat Jalan Keluar |url=https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2022/10/02/143353178/tragedi-kanjuruhan-malang-tofan-selamat-sempat-sesak-napas-usai-hirup-gas |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002160341/https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2022/10/02/143353178/tragedi-kanjuruhan-malang-tofan-selamat-sempat-sesak-napas-usai-hirup-gas |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Media">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2 October 2022 |title=Kesaksian Suporter Arema Melihat Korban "Pergi" Sebelum Kembali |url=https://www.kompas.com/sports/read/2022/10/02/14300008/kesaksian-suporter-arema-melihat-korban-pergi-sebelum-kembali |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> affecting Aremania invading the pitch and other people there,<ref name="bantu">{{Cite web |date=1 October 2022 |title=Kericuhan di Kanjuruhan, Pemain Arema FC Bantu Evakuasi Korban |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2022/10/02/01452648/kericuhan-di-kanjuruhan-pemain-arema-fc-bantu-evakuasi-korban |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002014758/https://bola.kompas.com/read/2022/10/02/01452648/kericuhan-di-kanjuruhan-pemain-arema-fc-bantu-evakuasi-korban |url-status=live}}</ref> causing Aremania to run frantically for the single exit point (gate 12, gate 13 and gate 14) to avoid the tear gas but all gates were locked (most victims were found at gate 13),<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Indonesia |first=C. N. N. |title=Saksi Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Gate 13 Seperti Kuburan Massal |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221003194532-142-855888/saksi-tragedi-kanjuruhan-gate-13-seperti-kuburan-massal |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=olahraga |language=id-ID |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004031837/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221003194532-142-855888/saksi-tragedi-kanjuruhan-gate-13-seperti-kuburan-massal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2 October 2022 |title=Tragedi Kanjuruhan Malang, Tofan Selamat, Sempat Sesak Napas Usai Hirup Gas Air Mata dan Sulit Dapat Jalan Keluar Halaman 2 |url=https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2022/10/02/143353178/tragedi-kanjuruhan-malang-tofan-selamat-sempat-sesak-napas-usai-hirup-gas |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002160341/https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2022/10/02/143353178/tragedi-kanjuruhan-malang-tofan-selamat-sempat-sesak-napas-usai-hirup-gas |url-status=live }}</ref> resulting in a [[Crowd collapses and crushes|crowd crush]] and [[asphyxiation]].<ref name="teargasbanned">{{cite news |title=Dilarang FIFA, Kenapa Ada Tembakan Gas Air Mata di Stadion Kanjuruhan? |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221002034721-142-855183/dilarang-fifa-kenapa-ada-tembakan-gas-air-mata-di-stadion-kanjuruhan |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=CNN Indonesia |date=2 October 2022 |language=id-ID |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001232424/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20221002034721-142-855183/dilarang-fifa-kenapa-ada-tembakan-gas-air-mata-di-stadion-kanjuruhan |url-status=live}}</ref> Tear gas was also shot outside the stadium.<ref name="Media" /> The police said that ten police vehicles and three private vehicles were destroyed by the Aremania.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indonesia |first=C. N. N. |title=13 Mobil Rusak Akibat Kerusuhan Kanjuruhan, Truk Brimob Terbakar |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221002063900-20-855197/13-mobil-rusak-akibat-kerusuhan-kanjuruhan-truk-brimob-terbakar |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=nasional |language=id-ID |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002073114/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221002063900-20-855197/13-mobil-rusak-akibat-kerusuhan-kanjuruhan-truk-brimob-terbakar |url-status=live }}</ref>

v t e Crowd collapses and crushes
List of fatal crowd crushes
19th c.	1807 Newgate Prison 1823 Valletta 1876 Brooklyn Theatre 1883 Victoria Hall 1896 Khodynka
20th c.	1902 Shiloh Baptist Church 1903 Iroquois Theatre 1908 Barnsley Hall 1913 Italian Hall 1927 Laurier Palace 1943 Bethnal Green 1946 Burnden Park 1954 Kumbh Mela 1964 Estadio Nacional 1965 El Progreso Bullring 1967 Atatürk Stadium 1971 Ibrox 1974 Zamalek 1977 Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm 1979 The Who concert 1981 Karaiskakis Stadium 1982 Luzhniki 1985 Heysel Stadium 1987 Shanghai Lujiazui 1988 Dasharath Stadium 1989 Tbilisi 1989 Hillsborough 1990 Mecca 1991 Oppenheimer Stadium 1992 Mahamaham 1992 Bastia 1993 Lan Kwai Fong 1994 Mecca 1994 Gowari 1996 Haridwar and Ujjain 1997 Uphaar Cinema 1998 Mecca 1999 Sabarimala 1999 Nyamiha (Minsk)
2000s	2000 Durban 2001 Mecca 2001 Ellis Park Stadium 2001 Accra Sports Stadium 2001 Akashi pedestrian bridge 2003 E2 nightclub 2003 The Station nightclub 2004 Mecca 2004 Miyun 2005 Mandher Devi temple 2005 Al-Aaimmah bridge 2005 Chennai (November) 2005 Chennai (December) 2006 Mecca 2006 PhilSports Stadium 2008 Bandung 2008 Naina Devi temple 2008 Jodhpur 2009 Houphouët-Boigny 2009 Mawazine
2010s	2010 Kor Royal Cup 2010 Pratapgarh 2010 Love Parade 2010 Phnom Penh 2011 Sabarimala 2012 Port Said Stadium 2012 Satsanga Deoghar 2013 Houphouët-Boigny 2013 Kiss nightclub 2013 Kumbh Mela 2013 Madhya Pradesh 2014 Mumbai 2014 Stade Tata Raphaël 2014 Patna 2014 Multan 2014 Kwekwe 2014 Shanghai Bund 2015 30 June Stadium 2015 Haiti 2015 Mina 2015 Colectiv nightclub 2017 Turin 2017 Mumbai 2018 Caracas 2018 Corinaldo 2019 Antananarivo 2019 Karbala 2019 Caracas
2020s	2020 Kerman 2020 Maligawatta 2020 Los Olivos 2021 Meron 2021 Astroworld Festival 2022 Vaishno Devi Temple 2022 Yaoundé 2022 Port Harcourt 2022 GBLA Stadium 2022 Giza 2022 Kanjuruhan Stadium 2022 Seoul 2023 Basra International Stadium 2023 Pakistan 2023 Sanaa 2023 San Salvador 2023 Brazzaville 2024 Hathras