Jump to content

2023 Argentine general election: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 1,453: Line 1,453:


== Results ==
== Results ==
[[File:Boletas electorales para las elecciones presidenciales de Argentina de 2023.jpg|thumb|Ballots used for the October 22 general election]]

===Primary elections===
===Primary elections===
{{Main|2023 Argentine primary elections}}
{{Main|2023 Argentine primary elections}}

Revision as of 00:18, 27 October 2023

2023 Argentine general election
Presidential election
← 2019
  • 22 October 2023 (first round)
  • 19 November 2023 (second round)
 2027 →
Opinion polls
Registered35,410,080
Turnout77.65% (Decrease 2.76 pp)
 
Nominee Sergio Massa Javier Milei
Party FR PL
Alliance UP LLA
Running mate Agustín Rossi Victoria Villarruel
Results of the first round by province and department
President before election

Alberto Fernández
UP–PJ

Elected President

TBD

Legislative election
← 2021 22 October 2023 2025 →
130 of 257 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
24 of 72 seats in the Senate
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
Chamber of Deputies
UP Germán Martínez 38.54 58 −10
LLA Javier Milei 26.51 35 +35
JxC Mario Negri 26.60 31 −25
Hacemos Juan Schiaretti 3.99 4 0
FIT – Unidad Nicolas del Caño 3.31 1 +1
Por Santa Cruz Claudio Vidal 0.23 1 0
Senate
UP José Mayans 43.66 12 +2
LLA Javier Milei 25.93 8 +8
JxC Alfredo Cornejo 25.62 2 −9
Por Santa Cruz Claudio Vidal 0.50 2 +1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Number of deputies at stake by province (left) and provinces that will elect senators (right).
Politics of Argentina
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Law
Administrative divisions
Recent elections
Foreign relations
flag Argentina portal

General elections were held in Argentina on 22 October 2023 to elect the president, vice president, members of the national congress, and the governors of most provinces. A run-off election to elect the president and vice president will take place on 19 November 2023.[1] Incumbent president Alberto Fernández and incumbent vice president and former president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, despite both being eligible for a second, consecutive term, will not seek re-election.[2][3]

Advancing to the 19 November run-off, Sergio Massa of the ruling Union for the Homeland unexpectedly came in first place, winning 36% of the vote, against Javier Milei of the Liberty Advances, who came in second place, with 30% of the vote. Massa's upset victory in the first round was seen as a surprise because of the severe inflation that took place during Massa's tenure as Minister of Economy, as well as Milei's lead in polls up to that point.[4]

Background

Main article: Presidency of Alberto Fernández

In the 2019 general election, the Peronist, left-wing Frente de Todos ticket of Alberto Fernández, former Cabinet Chief, and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, National Senator and former president, defeated the center-right Juntos por el Cambio ticket of incumbent president Mauricio Macri and conservative Peronist National Senator Miguel Ángel Pichetto, exceeding the threshold to win the presidency in a single round. Macri became the first incumbent president in Argentine history to be defeated for reelection.[5]

The first two years of the Fernández presidency were limited by the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, during which he imposed strict lockdown measures in an attempt to suppress the spread of the disease,[6] and a debt crisis inherited from his predecessor.[7] While the economy did recover in 2021–22,[8] inflation rose to 100% (the highest since 1991).[9] His approval ratings have been constantly low throughout his presidency, only on a few certain occasions has his approval rating been over 50%, with disapproval ratings from 60% to 80%.[10][11] According to British newspaper The Economist, Fernández is considered "a president without a plan", and his presidency to be a "weak administration",[12][13] alluding to his lack of independent decision-making. Instead, his decisions are under heavy influence of Vice President and former President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, also leader of the coalition, whom Fernández himself described as a "permanent source of consultation."[14] The 2021 midterm elections resulted in heavy losses for the Frente de Todos, which lost its majority in both houses of Congress. Observers attributed the loss to widespread anger over high inflation and rising poverty.[15][16][17][18]

In April 2023, Fernández announced that he had decided to not seek reelection to the presidency in the 2023 general election.[2] Others who refused to run were incumbent vice president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (who served as president between 2007 and 2015),[3] and former president Mauricio Macri, who succeeded Fernández de Kirchner and preceded Fernández.[19] Controversial constitutional amendments in Jujuy – a province governed by Gerardo Morales, who ran as a precandidate for vice president alongside Horacio Rodriguez Larreta– led to protests beginning in June where demonstrators stormed the Jujuy legislature.[20][21]

The 2023 election was held amid a severe economic crisis.[22]

Debates

2023 Argentine general election
Date Time Organizers  P  Present    I  Invitee  N  Non-invitee 
RF LA JC HP WLF Refs
2 October maybe? ??? Televisión Pública P
Sergio Massa 		P
Javier Milei 		P
Patricia Bullrich 		P
Juan Schiaretti 		P
Myriam Bregman 		[23]

Electoral system

President

The election of the president will be conducted under the ballotage system, a modified version of the two-round system. A candidate can win the presidency in a single round by either winning over 45% of the vote, or if they win 40% of the vote while finishing more than 10 percentage points ahead of the second-place candidate. If no candidate meets either threshold, a runoff takes place between the top two candidates.[24] Voting is compulsory for citizens between 18 and 70 years old.[25] Suffrage is also extended to 16- and 17-year-olds, though without compulsory voting.[26]

Congress

Chamber of Deputies

The 257 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in 24 multi-member constituencies based on the provinces (plus the City of Buenos Aires). Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method with a 3% electoral threshold.[27] In this election, 130 of the 257 seats are up for renewal for a four-year term.[28]

Province Total
seats 		Seats
at stake
Buenos Aires 70 35
Buenos Aires City 25 12
Catamarca 5 2
Chaco 7 3
Chubut 5 3
Córdoba 18 9
Corrientes 7 4
Entre Ríos 9 4
Formosa 5 3
Jujuy 6 3
La Pampa 5 2
La Rioja 5 3
Mendoza 10 5
Misiones 7 4
Neuquén 5 2
Río Negro 5 3
Salta 7 4
San Juan 6 3
San Luis 5 2
Santa Cruz 5 2
Santa Fe 19 10
Santiago del Estero 7 4
Tierra del Fuego 5 3
Tucumán 9 5
Total 257 130

Senate

The 72 members of the Senate are elected in the same 24 constituencies, with three seats in each. The party receiving the most votes in each constituency wins two seats, with the third seat awarded to the second-placed party. The 2023 elections will see one-third of Senators renewed, with eight provinces electing three Senators for a 6-year term; Buenos Aires, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, San Juan, San Luis, and Santa Cruz.[29]


Presidential candidates

Main article: 2023 Argentine primary elections

The following candidates participated in the Open, Simultaneous and Mandatory Primaries (PASO), which were held on 13 August 2023. The primaries determined the candidates of each coalition. Coalitions who received less than 1.5% of the votes will not be able to participate in the general election on 22 October.[30]

Advanced to runoff election

Name
Birth date and place 		Prior experience Party Vice President Coalition Ref
Sergio Massa
b. 1972 		Minister of Economy (2022–present)
See more
Renewal Front 		Cabinet Chief
Agustín Rossi
(PJ)
Union for the Homeland
Member parties
 [31]
Javier Milei
b. 1970
(age 54)
Buenos Aires
 National Deputy from the City of Buenos Aires (2021–present)
Libertarian Party 		National Deputy
Victoria Villarruel
(PD)
Liberty Advances
Member parties
 [32][33]

Defeated in the first round

Name
Birth date and place 		Prior experience Party Vice President Coalition Ref
Patricia Bullrich
b. 1956
(age 68)
Buenos Aires
 Minister of Security (2015–2019)
See more
Republican Proposal 		Former
National Deputy
Luis Petri
(UCR)
Together for Change
Member parties
 [34]
Juan Schiaretti
b. 1949 		Governor of Córdoba Province (2007–2011; 2015–present)
Justicialist Party 		National Deputy
Florencio Randazzo
(HACER)
We Do for Our Country
Member parties
 [35]
Myriam Bregman
b. 1972 		National Deputy from Buenos Aires Province (2015–2016) and the City of Buenos Aires (2021–present)
See more
Socialist Workers' Party 		National Deputy
Nicolás del Caño
(PTS)
Workers' Left Front – Unity
Member parties
 [36]

Defeated in a winning coalition in the primary elections

Name
Birth date and place 		Prior experience Party Vice President Coalition Ref
Juan Grabois
b. 1983 		Leader of the Patria Grande Front
Patria Grande Front 		Doctor
Paula Abal Medina
(FPG)
Union for the Homeland
Member parties
 [37]
Horacio Rodríguez Larreta
b. 1965
(age 59)
Buenos Aires
 Mayor of Buenos Aires (2015–present)
See more
  • Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers of Buenos Aires (2007–2015)
Republican Proposal 		Governor of Jujuy
Gerardo Morales
(UCR)
Together for Change
Member parties
 [38]
Gabriel Solano
b. 1974
(age 50)
Buenos Aires
 Legislator of Buenos Aires City (2017–2020; 2021–present)
See more
Workers' Party 		Former Legislator of Buenos Aires City
Vilma Ripoll
(MST)
Workers' Left Front – Unity

Member parties
 [39]

Defeated in the primary elections

Name
Birth date and place 		Prior experience Party Vice President Coalition Ref
Guillermo Moreno
b. 1955
(age 69)
Buenos Aires
 Secretary of Domestic Trade (2006–2013)
See more
Principles and Values Party 		Secretary General of APOPS
Leonardo Fabre
(PyV)
Principles and Values
Member parties
  • People's Party
  • Principles and Values
 [40]
Paula Arias –
Labour Party 		Walter Vera
(PL) 		[41]
Carina Bartolini –
Justicialist Party 		Mabel Gómez
(PJ) 		[41]
Eliodoro Martínez Leader of the CABA wing of the Action for the Republic
Action for the Republic 		Vicente Souto
(APLR) 		[41]
Jorge Oliver Journalist and political analist Three Flags group Ezequiel San Martín
(Three Flags) 		[41]
Manuela Castañeira
b. 1984 		Sociologist
New MAS 		Teacher
Lucas Ruiz
(New MAS)
New MAS 		[42]
Jesús Escobar
b. 1971 		Provincial Legislator of Neuquén (2003–2007; 2011–2019)
Freemen of the South 		Former Santiago del Estero City councilwoman
Marianella Lezama Hid
(Freemen of the South)
Freemen of the South Movement 		[43]
Marcelo Ramal
b. 1954
(age 70)
Buenos Aires
 Legislator of Buenos Aires City (2013–2015; 2015–2017)
Workers' Policy 		Teacher
Patricia Urones
(PO)
Workers' Policy 		[44]
Nazareno Etchepare Lawyer Demos Bachelor
Fernando Lorenzo
(DEMOS) 		Liber.AR
Member parties
  • Unite for Liberty and Dignity
  • Liber.AR
 [45]
Ramiro Vasena Political leader Reconquest Group Political leader
Víctor Aníbal Lagonegro
(Reconquest) 		[46]
Raúl Castells
b. 1953 		Leader of the MIJD
MIJD 		Social activist
Adriana Reinoso
(MIJD)
MIJD 		[30]
Santiago Cúneo [es]
b. 1970
(age 54)
Buenos Aires
 Journalist and businessman Falklands War veteran
Gustavo Barranco
(MIJD) 		[30]
Mempo Giardinelli
b. 1947 		Writer, journalist and professor Peace, Democracy and Sovereignty Teacher
Bárbara Solemou
(PDyS) 		Youth Project
Member parties
  • Humanist Party
  • Youth Project Party
  • National Liberation Movement
  • Popular Consensus
  • United for the South
  • The Argentine Manifesto
 [30]
Reina Ibáñez Sex worker TODEX Gonzalo Ibarra
(TODEX) 		[47]
Martín Ayerbe President of the Argentine Naval Forum Hipólito Bouchard
United Homeland 		Hugo Rodríguez
(United Homeland) 		[48]
César Biondini Lawyer
File:Frente patriota federal logo.png
Patriot Front 		Teacher
Mariel Avendaño
(FP)
File:Frente patriota federal logo.png
Patriot Front 		[30]
Raúl Albarracín Provincial Legislator of Córdoba (2007-2011) Neighbourhood Action Movement Lawyer
Sergio Pastore
(MAV) 		Neighbourhood Action Movement [49]
Andrés Passamonti Leader of the UCEDE (Buenos Aires)
Union of the Democratic Centre 		Public accountant
Pamela Fernández
(UCEDE)
Union of the Democratic Centre 		[50]

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2023 Argentine general election

Presidential election

Results

Ballots used for the October 22 general election

Primary elections

Main article: 2023 Argentine primary elections

President

CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Sergio MassaAgustín RossiUnion for the Homeland9,645,98336.690–
Javier MileiVictoria VillarruelLa Libertad Avanza7,884,33629.990–
Patricia BullrichLuis PetriJuntos por el Cambio6,267,15223.84
Juan SchiarettiFlorencio RandazzoHacemos por Nuestro País1,784,3156.79
Myriam BregmanNicolás del CañoWorkers' Left Front709,9322.70
Total26,291,718100.000–
Valid votes26,291,71897.01
Invalid votes254,7960.94
Blank votes554,1612.04
Total votes27,100,675100.00
Registered voters/turnout35,410,08076.53
Source: DNE (98.51 % counted)

Chamber of Deputies

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Union for the HomelandUnion for the Homeland8,069,37434.1948
Civic Front for Santiago369,0951.564
Más para Entre Ríos287,1231.222
Front for the Renewal of Concord249,5271.063
Unión por San Luis81,7340.351
Renewal Front37,4320.160
Total9,094,28538.5358
Juntos por el CambioJuntos por el Cambio5,411,55622.9327
Frente Cambia Mendoza [es]283,4111.201
Juntos por Entre Ríos264,3811.121
ECO [es]–Vamos Corrientes220,1050.931
Frente Cambia Jujuy [es]94,7060.401
Cambia Santa Cruz17,7200.080
Total6,291,87926.6631
La Libertad AvanzaLa Libertad Avanza5,239,90322.2028
Ahora Patria292,0791.242
Republican Force282,2541.201
Federal Renewal Party151,2090.641
Arriba Neuquén134,6930.571
Faith Party125,3670.531
Republicanos Unidos [es]30,2700.131
Total6,255,77526.5035
Hacemos por Nuestro PaísHacemos por Nuestro País683,6862.903
La Fuerza de Santa Fe183,3930.781
Partido Autonomista [es]39,2770.170
Christian Democratic Party17,3860.070
Unity and Liberty Party16,1760.070
Total939,9183.984
Workers' Left Front781,1453.311
Together We Are Río Negro59,0440.250
Por Santa Cruz53,1810.231
Freemen of the South Movement41,3330.180
Neuquén People's Movement29,2740.120
Partido Agrario y Social26,2350.110
Salta Independiente21,3580.090
Somos Fueguinos9,6390.040
Total23,603,066100.00130
Valid votes23,603,06689.53
Invalid votes243,9930.93
Blank votes2,516,3049.54
Total votes26,363,363100.00
Registered voters/turnout34,898,21275.54
Source: DNE

Senate

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Union for the HomelandUnion for the Homeland4,619,39440.739
Front for the Renewal of Concord250,4542.212
Unión por San Luis81,5420.721
Total4,951,39043.6512
La Libertad AvanzaLa Libertad Avanza2,789,62424.596
Federal Renewal Party151,6651.342
Total2,941,28925.938
Juntos por el CambioJuntos por el Cambio2,791,07124.612
Frente Cambia Jujuy [es]95,9230.850
Cambia Santa Cruz17,9320.160
Total2,904,92625.612
Workers' Left Front429,2693.780
Por Santa Cruz56,1880.502
Hacemos por Nuestro PaísChristian Democratic Party17,4360.150
Unity and Liberty Party16,2760.140
Total33,7120.300
Partido Agrario y Social25,5500.230
Total11,342,324100.0024
Valid votes11,342,32487.88
Invalid votes98,5160.76
Blank votes1,466,05511.36
Total votes12,906,895100.00
Registered voters/turnout16,486,27578.29
Source: DNE

References

  1. ^ "Argentina's opposition wins legislative polls ahead of 2023 election". www.efe.com. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b Struminger, Brenda (21 April 2023). "El presidente Alberto Fernández bajó su candidatura y no irá por la reelección" [Alberto Fernández drops out of re-election, and will not be a candidate for president]. Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Cristina Kirchner: "No voy a ser candidata a nada, mi nombre no va a estar en ninguna boleta". El fuerte mensaje de la vicepresidente contra el lawfare" [Cristina Kirchner: "I will not be a candidate for anything, my name will not be on any ballot". The strong message of the vice president against lawfare]. Pagina 12 (in Spanish). 29 April 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  4. ^ "Argentina presidential election: Javier Milei and Sergio Massa head for run-off vote". BBC. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  5. ^ Tereschuk, Nicolás (28 October 2019). "Perdió Macri". Infobae (in Spanish).
  6. ^ "Argentina orders exceptional lockdown in bid to contain virus". Bloomberg. 20 March 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Debt, default and disorder: Macri nears end with familiar crisis". Financial Times. 29 August 2019.
  8. ^ "Preliminary data shows Argentina's economy grew 5.2% in 2022". Buenos Aires Times. 23 February 2023.
  9. ^ "Argentina inflation forecast to top 100% as prices spiral". Reuters. 7 October 2022. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  10. ^ "Buenos Aires Times | Poll: 75% of voters disapprove of President Fernández's government". www.batimes.com.ar. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  11. ^ "Report on presidential approval ratings in Latin America: May/June 2021 – Directorio Legislativo". Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  12. ^ "The Economist analyzed the phenomenon of weak presidents, who came to power thanks to the auspices of leaders stronger than themselves". 15 November 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  13. ^ "The strong editorial of The Economist on Alberto Fernández: "He is a president without plan"". 3 December 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  14. ^ "Alberto Fernández indicated that he constantly consults Cristina". 12 January 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  15. ^ "Argentina president suffers severe setback in midterm elections", Deutsche Welle, 15 November 2021, archived from the original on 29 November 2021, retrieved 15 November 2021
  16. ^ Ap (15 November 2021). "Argentina President suffers big loss in midterm elections". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  17. ^ "Argentina's Peronists set to lose control of Congress". Al Jazeera. 15 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  18. ^ Bronstein, Hugh; Misculin, Nicolás (15 November 2021). "Argentina's Peronists on the ropes after bruising midterm defeat". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  19. ^ "Mauricio Macri anunció que no será candidato en las próximas elecciones". Infobae (in Spanish). 26 March 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  20. ^ "Jujuy: heridos y detenidos tras los violentos enfrentamientos entre la Policía y disidentes de la reforma constitucional" [Jujuy: injured and detained people after the violent clashes between the police and constitutional amendment dissenters] (in Spanish). La Nación. 18 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  21. ^ "Jujuy: protesta, desalojo y detenidos en medio del rechazo a la reforma Constitucional" [Jujuy: Protests, dispersions and detainees amid the rejection to the constitutional amendment] (in Spanish). Clarín. 18 June 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Argentina votes in election rocked by radical candidate". BBC News. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  23. ^ "Primer Debate Presidencial 2023". 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ David Hodari (23 October 2015). "Argentina elections 2015: a guide to the parties, polls and electoral system". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  25. ^ Chamber of Deputies: Electoral system Archived 31 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine IPU
  26. ^ Voto de los Jóvenes de 16 y 17 años0 Archived 2017-03-30 at the Wayback Machine Camara Nacional Electoral
  27. ^ "IPU PARLINE database: ARGENTINA (Cámara de Diputados), Electoral system". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  28. ^ "Elecciones 2019: qué se vota en cada provincia". Chequeado (in Spanish). 5 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  29. ^ "Qué provincias renuevan bancas en el Senado durante el 2023". Memo (in Spanish). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  30. ^ a b c d e "Fórmulas presidenciales 2023: los 19 binomios que se confirmaron para las PASO". La Nación (in Spanish). 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  31. ^ "Sergio Massa será el único candidato a Presidente de Unión por la Patria". Clarín (in Spanish). 23 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  32. ^ David Feliba (18 April 2022). "He raffles off his salary. He could be Argentina's next president". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  33. ^ Javier Milei sobre su candidatura a la presidencia en 2023: 'Es una decisión tomada' (in Spanish), 3 April 2022, retrieved 30 April 2022
  34. ^ "Patricia Bullrich habló de su candidatura a Presidenta: "A mí no me baja nadie, aunque juegue Macri"". Infobae. 21 February 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  35. ^ "Elecciones 2023: Juan Schiaretti confirmó que será precandidato a presidente y pidió superar "la maldita grieta" para ser "un país normal"". Clarín. 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  36. ^ "Myriam Bregman anunció que es una de las precandidatas a presidenta del Frente de Izquierda". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). 1 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  37. ^ "Grabois anunció que se presentará a las PASO, a pesar de la candidatura de Massa". cadena3.com (in Spanish). 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  38. ^ "Rodríguez Larreta se lanzó con un video grabado en Santa Cruz y un mensaje anti-grieta: "Quiero ser buen Presidente"" [Rodríguez Larreta jumps with a video recorded in Santa Cruz and with a anti-rift message: "I want to be a good President"] (in Spanish). Infobae. 23 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  39. ^ Pereyra, Lucía (7 February 2023). "Atravesado por sus internas, el Frente de Izquierda posiciona a sus candidatos en tres listas pero no descarta un acuerdo". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  40. ^ "Guillermo Moreno lanzó su candidatura a presidente para 2023 con un curioso spot: "Hagamos Argentina grande otra vez"". A24. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  41. ^ a b c d "Elecciones 2023: 27 fórmulas competirán por la Presidencia". Ahora (in Spanish). 4 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  42. ^ "Manuela Castañeira empuja una PASO en la izquierda: "Algunos deberían darse un baño de humildad"". Página 12 (in Spanish). 20 April 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  43. ^ "Libres del Sur presento su fórmula presidencial". libresdelsur.org.ar (in Spanish). 7 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  44. ^ "Marcelo Ramal también será precandidato para las presidenciales". infonews.com (in Spanish). 27 May 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  45. ^ Blanco, Pablo Javier (24 June 2023). "El frente "libertario" que va a las PASO, pero sin Javier Milei: un líder tuitero de los cacerolazos anti-K contra Julio Bárbaro". Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  46. ^ "Ramiro Vasena será precandidato a presidente por LiberAr". Realpolitik (in Spanish). 28 June 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  47. ^ "Las mujeres trans que se postularon para presidentes en Argentina y Venezuela". infonews.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  48. ^ "Martín Ayerbe: "No podemos abandonar nuestra religión del trabajo, que se llama Justicialismo"". Radio Gráfica (in Spanish). 10 April 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  49. ^ "Movimiento de Acción Vecinal Lista 57". movimientodeaccionvecinal.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  50. ^ "Tras 34 años, la UCeDe vuelve a presentar candidato a presidente". Perfil (in Spanish). 30 June 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023_Argentine_general_election&oldid=1182078055"