Jump to content

Rhetoric of Donald Trump: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 13: Line 13:
=== Analysis ===
=== Analysis ===


Trump uses rhetoric that political scientists have deemed to be both dehumanizing and connected to physical violence by his followers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nacos |first1=Brigitte L. |last2=Shapiro |first2=Robert Y. |last3=Bloch-Elkon |first3=Yaeli |date=2020 |title=Donald Trump: Aggressive Rhetoric and Political Violence |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26940036 |journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=2–25 |issn=2334-3745 |jstor=26940036}}</ref> Sociologist [[Arlie Russell Hochschild|Arlie Hochschild]] states that emotional themes in Trump's rhetoric are fundamental, writing that his "speeches—evoking dominance, bravado, clarity, national pride, and personal uplift—inspire an emotional transformation," deeply resonating with their "emotional self-interest".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hochschild |first=Arlie Russel |title=Strangers in their own land: anger and mourning on the American right |date=2016 |publisher=The new press |isbn=978-1-62097-225-0 |location=New York London |pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Derek |date=2020-12-29 |title=The Deep Story of Trumpism |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/12/deep-story-trumpism/617498/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref>
Trump uses rhetoric that political scientists have deemed to be both dehumanizing and connected to physical violence by his followers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nacos |first1=Brigitte L. |last2=Shapiro |first2=Robert Y. |last3=Bloch-Elkon |first3=Yaeli |date=2020 |title=Donald Trump: Aggressive Rhetoric and Political Violence |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26940036 |journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=2–25 |issn=2334-3745 |jstor=26940036}}</ref> Sociologist [[Arlie Russell Hochschild|Arlie Hochschild]] states that emotional themes in Trump's rhetoric are fundamental, writing that his "speeches—evoking dominance, bravado, clarity, national pride, and personal uplift—inspire an emotional transformation," deeply resonating with their "emotional self-interest".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hochschild |first=Arlie Russel |title=Strangers in their own land: anger and mourning on the American right |date=2016 |publisher=The new press |isbn=978-1-62097-225-0 |location=New York London |pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Derek |date=2020-12-29 |title=The Deep Story of Trumpism |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/12/deep-story-trumpism/617498/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> One study suggests that significant environmental deregulation occurred during the first year of the Trump administration due to its concurrent use of spectacular racist rhetoric but escaped much media attention. According to the authors, this served political objectives of dehumanizing its targets, eroding democratic norms, and consolidating power by emotionally connecting with and inflaming resentments among the base of followers, but most importantly served to distract media attention from [[deregulatory]] policymaking by igniting intense media coverage of the distractions, precisely due to their radically transgressive nature.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pulido |first=Laura |last2=Bruno |first2=Tianna |last3=Faiver-Serna |first3=Cristina |last4=Galentine |first4=Cassandra |date=2019-03-04 |title=Environmental Deregulation, Spectacular Racism, and White Nationalism in the Trump Era |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24694452.2018.1549473 |journal=Annals of the American Association of Geographers |language=en |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=520–532 |doi=10.1080/24694452.2018.1549473 |issn=2469-4452}}</ref>


According to civil rights lawyer [[Burt Neuborne]] and political theorist [[William E. Connolly]], Trump's rhetoric employs [[Trope (literature)|tropes]] similar to those used by [[fascists]] in Germany<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Connolly |first=William E. |title=Aspirational fascism: the struggle for multifaceted democracy under Trumpism |date=2017 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-1-5179-0512-5 |series=Forerunners |location=Minneapolis |pages=7}}</ref> to persuade citizens (at first a minority) to give up democracy, by using a barrage of falsehoods, half-truths, personal invective, threats, [[xenophobia]], [[national-security]] scares, religious bigotry, [[white racism]], exploitation of economic insecurity, and a never-ending search for [[scapegoats]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neuborne |first=Burt |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/When_at_Times_the_Mob_is_Swayed.html?id=NqxQswEACAAJ |title=When at Times the Mob is Swayed: A Citizen's Guide to Defending Our Republic |date=2019 |publisher=New Press |isbn=978-1-62097-358-5 |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> Connolly presents a similar list in his book ''Aspirational Fascism'' (2017), adding comparisons of the integration of theatrics and crowd participation with rhetoric, involving grandiose bodily gestures, grimaces, hysterical charges, dramatic repetitions of alternate reality falsehoods, and totalistic assertions incorporated into signature phrases that audiences are strongly encouraged to join in chanting.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Connolly |first=William E. |title=Aspirational fascism: the struggle for multifaceted democracy under Trumpism |date=2017 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-1-5179-0512-5 |series=Forerunners |location=Minneapolis |pages=11}}</ref> Despite the similarities, Connolly stresses that Trump is no [[Nazi]] but "is rather, an aspirational fascist who pursues crowd adulation, hyperaggressive nationalism, white triumphalism, and militarism, pursues a [[Law and order (politics)|law-and-order]] regime giving unaccountable power to the police, and is a practitioner of a rhetorical style that regularly creates fake news and smears opponents to mobilize support for the [[Big Lie|Big Lies]] he advances."<ref name=":0" />
According to civil rights lawyer [[Burt Neuborne]] and political theorist [[William E. Connolly]], Trump's rhetoric employs [[Trope (literature)|tropes]] similar to those used by [[fascists]] in Germany<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Connolly |first=William E. |title=Aspirational fascism: the struggle for multifaceted democracy under Trumpism |date=2017 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-1-5179-0512-5 |series=Forerunners |location=Minneapolis |pages=7}}</ref> to persuade citizens (at first a minority) to give up democracy, by using a barrage of falsehoods, half-truths, personal invective, threats, [[xenophobia]], [[national-security]] scares, religious bigotry, [[white racism]], exploitation of economic insecurity, and a never-ending search for [[scapegoats]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neuborne |first=Burt |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/When_at_Times_the_Mob_is_Swayed.html?id=NqxQswEACAAJ |title=When at Times the Mob is Swayed: A Citizen's Guide to Defending Our Republic |date=2019 |publisher=New Press |isbn=978-1-62097-358-5 |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> Connolly presents a similar list in his book ''Aspirational Fascism'' (2017), adding comparisons of the integration of theatrics and crowd participation with rhetoric, involving grandiose bodily gestures, grimaces, hysterical charges, dramatic repetitions of alternate reality falsehoods, and totalistic assertions incorporated into signature phrases that audiences are strongly encouraged to join in chanting.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Connolly |first=William E. |title=Aspirational fascism: the struggle for multifaceted democracy under Trumpism |date=2017 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-1-5179-0512-5 |series=Forerunners |location=Minneapolis |pages=11}}</ref> Despite the similarities, Connolly stresses that Trump is no [[Nazi]] but "is rather, an aspirational fascist who pursues crowd adulation, hyperaggressive nationalism, white triumphalism, and militarism, pursues a [[Law and order (politics)|law-and-order]] regime giving unaccountable power to the police, and is a practitioner of a rhetorical style that regularly creates fake news and smears opponents to mobilize support for the [[Big Lie|Big Lies]] he advances."<ref name=":0" />

Revision as of 13:07, 23 December 2023

Trump speaking at one of his rallies in Arizona, October 2020
This article is part of
a series about
Donald Trump
Business and personal
45th President of the United States
Tenure
Policies
Appointments
Presidential campaigns
Impeachments
Prosecutions
Interactions involving Russia
COVID-19 pandemic

Donald Trump's signature

Seal of the President of the United States

The political rhetoric of Donald Trump, the president of the United States from 2017 to 2021, has been examined in an extensive body of reporting and analysis by linguists, political scientists, and others.[1] Generally categorized as populist, emotional, and antagonistic, Trump's style of rhetoric has been identified as central reason behind his 2016 election victory.

Overview

Trump's rhetoric has its roots in a populist political method that suggests nationalistic answers to political, economic, and social problems.[2] It employs absolutist framings and threat narratives[3] characterized by a rejection of the political establishment.[4] His absolutist rhetoric emphasizes non-negotiable boundaries and moral outrage at their supposed violation,[5] and heavily favors crowd reaction over veracity, with a large number of falsehoods which Trump presents as facts.[6] Trump's scenic construction (introduction of characters and setting stage depicting an issue) uses black and white terms like "totally", "absolutely", "every", "complete", and "forever" to describe malevolent forces, or the coming victory. For example, Trump described John Kerry as a "total disaster", and said that Obamacare would "destroy American health care forever". Kenneth Burke referred to this type of "all or none" staging as characteristic of "burlesque" rhetoric.[7] This rhetorical pattern within a Trump rally is common for authoritarian movements. First, it elicits a sense of depression, humiliation, and victimhood. Second, it separates the world into two opposing groups: a relentlessly demonized set of others versus those who have the power and will to overcome them.[8] This involves vividly identifying the enemy supposedly causing the current state of affairs and then promoting paranoid conspiracy theories and fearmongering to inflame fear and anger. After cycling these first two patterns through the populace, the final message aims to produce a cathartic release of pent-up ochlocracy and mob energy, with a promise that salvation is at hand because there is a powerful leader who will deliver the nation back to its former glory.[9]

Analysis

Trump uses rhetoric that political scientists have deemed to be both dehumanizing and connected to physical violence by his followers.[10] Sociologist Arlie Hochschild states that emotional themes in Trump's rhetoric are fundamental, writing that his "speeches—evoking dominance, bravado, clarity, national pride, and personal uplift—inspire an emotional transformation," deeply resonating with their "emotional self-interest".[11][12] One study suggests that significant environmental deregulation occurred during the first year of the Trump administration due to its concurrent use of spectacular racist rhetoric but escaped much media attention. According to the authors, this served political objectives of dehumanizing its targets, eroding democratic norms, and consolidating power by emotionally connecting with and inflaming resentments among the base of followers, but most importantly served to distract media attention from deregulatory policymaking by igniting intense media coverage of the distractions, precisely due to their radically transgressive nature.[13]

According to civil rights lawyer Burt Neuborne and political theorist William E. Connolly, Trump's rhetoric employs tropes similar to those used by fascists in Germany[14] to persuade citizens (at first a minority) to give up democracy, by using a barrage of falsehoods, half-truths, personal invective, threats, xenophobia, national-security scares, religious bigotry, white racism, exploitation of economic insecurity, and a never-ending search for scapegoats.[15] Connolly presents a similar list in his book Aspirational Fascism (2017), adding comparisons of the integration of theatrics and crowd participation with rhetoric, involving grandiose bodily gestures, grimaces, hysterical charges, dramatic repetitions of alternate reality falsehoods, and totalistic assertions incorporated into signature phrases that audiences are strongly encouraged to join in chanting.[16] Despite the similarities, Connolly stresses that Trump is no Nazi but "is rather, an aspirational fascist who pursues crowd adulation, hyperaggressive nationalism, white triumphalism, and militarism, pursues a law-and-order regime giving unaccountable power to the police, and is a practitioner of a rhetorical style that regularly creates fake news and smears opponents to mobilize support for the Big Lies he advances."[14]

Trumpisms

Trump's "Make America Great Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

Trumpisms or Trump-speak are the mannerisms, rhetoric, and characteristic phrases or statements of former President Trump.[17][18] They have been described as colorful comments that "only Trump could get away with".[19][20] By 2016, Politico observed that what used to be called Trump's gaffes now had the official designation of "Trumpisms".[21][22] They have become well-known and are the subject of numerous comedic impersonations that imitate Trump's confident exaggerations and general lack of detail.[23][24] An MIT student built a Twitter bot that used artificial intelligence to parody the President with "remarkably Trump-like statements".[25] Artificial intelligence has also been used to analyze Trump-speak.[26] Trump's children have acknowledged his atypical speech patterns, with both Ivanka and Eric Trump stating that they share some of their father's Trumpisms.[27]

Journalist Emily Greenhouse noted in a 2023 Bloomberg article that Trump may be most quotable man in politics and highlighted the following example:[28]

I'm the most successful person ever to run for the presidency, by far. Nobody's ever been more successful than me. I'm the most successful person ever to run. Ross Perot isn't successful like me. Romney—I have a Gucci store that's worth more than Romney.[29]

Trumpisms frequently come in the form of insults directed at his critics, labeling them "dogs", "losers", and "enemies of the people".[30][31]

Violence and dehumanization

Trump's 2024 campaign has been noted for using increasingly dehumanizing and violent rhetoric against his political enemies.[32][33][34][35] Examples include Trump calling for shoplifters to be shot and for Mark Milley, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff appointed by him, to be executed for treason. He also made fun of the hammer attack that critically injured the husband of the then House speaker Nancy Pelosi.[33]

Trump has used Nazi racial hygiene rhetoric in a video interview on a right-wing website, and has twice stated that undocumented immigrants were "poisoning the blood of our country", a term echoing white supremacists and Adolf Hitler.[34][36][37][38] Trump's anti-immigration tone is noted to have grown harsher from his previous time as president, where, as reported in The New York Times, he "privately mused about developing a militarized border like Israel’s, asked whether migrants crossing the border could be shot in the legs and wanted a proposed border wall topped with flesh-piercing spikes and painted black to burn migrants’ skin." Other rhetoric from his 2024 campaign includes statements that foreign leaders are deliberately emptying insane asylums to send the patients across America’s southern border as migrants, and comparing migrants to the fictional serial killer Hannibal Lecter.[39] Trump has described immigrants as deadly snakes during his rallies, repurposing lyrics from the 1968 song "The Snake."[38]

In a campaign speech and social media post, Trump called some of his political opponents "vermin", promising to "root out" the "communists, Marxists, fascists and the radical left thugs that live like vermin within the confines of our country that lie and steal and cheat on elections".[35][40][41] The term “vermin” was used by dictators Hitler and Benito Mussolini and in Nazi propaganda to dehumanize people, and Trump said they were a greater threat to the United States than countries such as Russia, China, and North Korea.[35][40] Trump campaign spokesman Steven Cheung responded to criticism by saying:

Those who try to make that ridiculous assertion are clearly snowflakes grasping for anything because they are suffering from Trump Derangement Syndrome, and their sad, miserable existence will be crushed when President Trump returns to the White House.[40]

According to The New York Times, scholars are undecided about whether Trump's "rhetorical turn into more fascist-sounding territory is just his latest public provocation of the left, an evolution in his beliefs, or the dropping of a veil." Experts say that Trump "exhibits traits similar to current strongmen like Viktor Orban of Hungary or Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey."[42]

Falsehoods

During and after his term as President of the United States, Trump made tens of thousands of false or misleading claims. The Washington Post's fact-checkers documented 30,573 false or misleading claims during his presidential term, an average of about 21 per day.[43][44][45][46] The Toronto Star tallied 5,276 false claims from January 2017 to June 2019, an average of 6.1 per day.[47] Commentators and fact-checkers have described the scale of Trump's mendacity as "unprecedented" in American politics,[53] and the consistency of falsehoods a distinctive part of his business and political identities.[54] Scholarly analysis of Trump's tweets found "significant evidence" of an intent to deceive.

By June 2019, after initially resisting, many news organizations began to describe some of his falsehoods as "lies".[55] The Washington Post said his frequent repetition of claims he knew to be false amounted to a campaign based on disinformation.[56] Trump campaign CEO and presidency chief strategist Steve Bannon said that the press, rather than Democrats, was Trump's primary adversary and "the way to deal with them is to flood the zone with shit."[57][58]

As part of their attempts to overturn the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Trump and his allies repeatedly falsely claimed there had been massive election fraud and that Trump had won the election.[46] Their effort was characterized by some as an implementation of the big lie propaganda technique.[59]

On June 8, 2023, a grand jury indicted Trump on one count of making "false statements and representations", specifically by hiding subpoenaed classified documents from his own attorney who was trying to find and return them to the government.[60] In August 2023, 21 of Trump's falsehoods about the 2020 election were listed in his Washington, D.C. indictment,[61] while 27 were listed in his Georgia indictment.[62]

References

  1. ^ Collinson, Stephen (November 14, 2023). "Analysis: Trump's extreme rhetoric conjures the prospect of a presidency like no other | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  2. ^ Rowland, Robert C. (2019). "The Populist and Nationalist Roots of Trump's Rhetoric". Rhetoric and Public Affairs. 22 (3): 343–388. doi:10.14321/rhetpublaffa.22.3.0343. ISSN 1094-8392. JSTOR 10.14321/rhetpublaffa.22.3.0343. S2CID 211443408.
  3. ^ Marietta, Morgan; Farley, Tyler; Cote, Tyler; Murphy, Paul (July 26, 2017). "The Rhetorical Psychology of Trumpism: Threat, Absolutism, and the Absolutist Threat". The Forum. 15 (2): 330. doi:10.1515/for-2017-0019. ISSN 1540-8884.
  4. ^ Tarnoff, Ben (November 9, 2016). "The triumph of Trumpism: the new politics that is here to stay". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  5. ^ Marietta, Morgan; Farley, Tyler; Cote, Tyler; Murphy, Paul (July 26, 2017). "The Rhetorical Psychology of Trumpism: Threat, Absolutism, and the Absolutist Threat". The Forum. 15 (2): 313, 317. doi:10.1515/for-2017-0019. ISSN 1540-8884.
  6. ^ Kessler, Glenn; Kelly, Meg (December 7, 2021). "Analysis | President Trump has made more than 2,000 false or misleading claims over 355 days". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  7. ^ Appel, Edward C. (March 15, 2018). "Burlesque, Tragedy, and a (Potentially) "Yuuuge" "Breaking of a Frame": Donald Trump's Rhetoric as "Early Warning"?". Communication Quarterly. 66 (2): 157–175. doi:10.1080/01463373.2018.1439515. ISSN 0146-3373.
  8. ^ Löwenthal, Leo; Guterman, Norbert (1970) [1949]. Prophets of Deceit: A Study of the Techniques of the American Agitator (PDF). New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 93. ISBN 978-0870151828. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  9. ^ Smith, David Livingstone (2020). On inhumanity: dehumanization and how to resist it. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-19-092302-0.
  10. ^ Nacos, Brigitte L.; Shapiro, Robert Y.; Bloch-Elkon, Yaeli (2020). "Donald Trump: Aggressive Rhetoric and Political Violence". Perspectives on Terrorism. 14 (5): 2–25. ISSN 2334-3745. JSTOR 26940036.
  11. ^ Hochschild, Arlie Russel (2016). Strangers in their own land: anger and mourning on the American right. New York London: The new press. ISBN 978-1-62097-225-0.
  12. ^ Thompson, Derek (December 29, 2020). "The Deep Story of Trumpism". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  13. ^ Pulido, Laura; Bruno, Tianna; Faiver-Serna, Cristina; Galentine, Cassandra (March 4, 2019). "Environmental Deregulation, Spectacular Racism, and White Nationalism in the Trump Era". Annals of the American Association of Geographers. 109 (2): 520–532. doi:10.1080/24694452.2018.1549473. ISSN 2469-4452.
  14. ^ a b Connolly, William E. (2017). Aspirational fascism: the struggle for multifaceted democracy under Trumpism. Forerunners. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-5179-0512-5.
  15. ^ Neuborne, Burt (2019). When at Times the Mob is Swayed: A Citizen's Guide to Defending Our Republic. New Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-62097-358-5.
  16. ^ Connolly, William E. (2017). Aspirational fascism: the struggle for multifaceted democracy under Trumpism. Forerunners. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-5179-0512-5.
  17. ^ Homolar, Alexandra; Scholz, Ronny (May 4, 2019). "The power of Trump-speak: populist crisis narratives and ontological security". Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 32 (3): 344–364. doi:10.1080/09557571.2019.1575796. ISSN 0955-7571. S2CID 150639180.
  18. ^ Bradner, Eric; Mattingly, Phill (June 6, 2016). "GOP to Trump: Stop alienating Latinos". CNN. Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  19. ^ Phillips, Amber. "The 6 Trumpisms Donald Trump will trumpet in the Trump debate". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on February 22, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  20. ^ "6 'Trumpisms' that would mean a political end for anyone but Trump". PBS NewsHour. September 6, 2015. Archived from the original on February 22, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  21. ^ "The 155 Craziest Things Trump Said This Election". POLITICO Magazine. November 5, 2016. Archived from the original on December 2, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  22. ^ "Mythbuster: What Donald Trump didn't say about Africa". BBC News. November 11, 2016. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  23. ^ Mascaro, Lisa (September 12, 2016). "'Believe me': People say Trump's language is affecting political discourse 'bigly'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 1, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  24. ^ Stieb, Matt (August 25, 2022). "Jamie Foxx Is Secretly a World-Class Trump Impersonator". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  25. ^ Misener, Dan (October 25, 2016). "Twitter bot creates 'remarkably Trump-like' tweets". CBC. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
  26. ^ Bierman, Noah (May 7, 2020). "Can't decipher Trump-speak? Meet Margaret, the computer bot". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
  27. ^ Effron, Lauren (November 19, 2015). "Donald Trump's Children Dish on Their Dad's 'Trumpisms' and What They Think of His Hair". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 11, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  28. ^ Greenhouse, Emily (June 1, 2015). "Donald Trump: 'I'm the Most Successful Person Ever to Run for the Presidency'". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  29. ^ Hafner, Josh. "Trump: I won't do straw poll if everyone backs out". The Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on April 16, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  30. ^ Glasser, Susan B. (October 24, 2019). "On "Human Scum" and Trump in the Danger Zone". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
  31. ^ Pappas, Stephanie (February 25, 2016). "Trumpisms: Political Insults Erode Voters' Faith". Live Science. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
  32. ^ Nacos, Brigitte L.; Shapiro, Robert Y.; Bloch-Elkon, Yaeli (2020). "Donald Trump: Aggressive Rhetoric and Political Violence". Perspectives on Terrorism. 14 (5). International Centre for Counter-Terrorism: 2–25. ISSN 2334-3745. JSTOR 26940036.
  33. ^ a b Haberman, Maggie; Nehamas, Nicholas; McFadden, Alyce (October 3, 2023). "Trump Said Shoplifters Should Be Shot, Part of a String of Violent Remarks". The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  34. ^ a b Gabriel, Trip (October 5, 2023). "Trump Escalates Anti-Immigrant Rhetoric With 'Poisoning the Blood' Comment". The New York Times.
  35. ^ a b c LeVine, Marianne (November 12, 2023). "Trump calls political enemies 'vermin,' echoing dictators Hitler, Mussolini". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  36. ^ Sullivan, Kate (October 6, 2023). "Trump's anti-immigrant comments draw rebuke". CNN. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  37. ^ Kim, Soo Rin; Ibbsa, Lalee (November 13, 2023). "Trump compares political opponents to 'vermin' who he will 'root out,' alarming historians". ABC News. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  38. ^ a b Layne, Nathan (December 16, 2023). "Trump repeats 'poisoning the blood' anti-immigrant remark". Reuters.
  39. ^ Charlie Savage; Maggie Haberman; Jonathan Swan (November 11, 2023). "Sweeping Raids, Giant Camps and Mass Deportations: Inside Trump's 2025 Immigration Plans". The New York Times.
  40. ^ a b c Gold, Michael (November 13, 2023). "After Calling Foes 'Vermin,' Trump Campaign Warns Its Critics Will Be 'Crushed'". The New York Times. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  41. ^ Dorn, Sara (November 12, 2023). "Trump Compares Political Foes To 'Vermin' On Veterans Day—Echoing Nazi Propaganda". Forbes. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  42. ^ Michael C. Bender; Michael Gold (November 20, 2023). "Trump's Dire Words Raise New Fears About His Authoritarian Bent". New York Times. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  43. ^ Fact Checker (January 20, 2021). "In four years, President Trump made 30,573 false or misleading claims". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021.
  44. ^ Kessler, Glenn (January 23, 2021). "Trump made 30,573 false or misleading claims as president. Nearly half came in his final year". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  45. ^ Elfrink, Tim (August 14, 2020). "'Do you regret at all, all the lying you've done?': A reporter's blunt question to Trump goes unanswered". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  46. ^ a b Higgins, Andrew (January 10, 2021). "The Art of the Lie? The Bigger the Better – Lying as a political tool is hardly new. But a readiness, even enthusiasm, to be deceived has become a driving force in politics around the world, most recently in the United States". The New York Times. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  47. ^ Dale, Daniel (June 5, 2019). "Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019.
  48. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kessler_12/30/2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  49. ^ Cite error: The named reference McGranahan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  50. ^ Cite error: The named reference Skjeseth_2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  51. ^ Baker, Peter (March 17, 2018). "Trump and the Truth: A President Tests His Own Credibility". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  52. ^ Dale, Daniel (October 22, 2018). "Donald Trump's strategy as midterms approach: lies and fear-mongering". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on October 23, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  53. ^ [48][49][50][51][52]
  54. ^ Glasser, Susan B. (August 3, 2018). "It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on October 23, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  55. ^ Farhi, Paul (June 5, 2019). "Lies? The news media is starting to describe Trump's 'falsehoods' that way". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 7, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
  56. ^ Kessler, Glenn (December 10, 2018). "Meet the Bottomless Pinocchio, a new rating for a false claim repeated over and over again". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  57. ^ Remnick, David (July 30, 2018). "Trump vs. the Times: Inside an Off-the-Record Meeting". The New Yorker. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  58. ^ Illing, Sean (January 16, 2020). ""Flood the zone with shit": How misinformation overwhelmed our democracy". Vox.
  59. ^ Multiple sources:
  60. ^ "Trump's 2nd indictment: Read the full document text". Politico. June 9, 2023. pp. 40–41. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
  61. ^ Dale, Daniel (August 2, 2023). "21 Donald Trump election lies listed in his new indictment". CNN Politics. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  62. ^ Dale, Daniel (August 16, 2023). "27 Donald Trump election lies listed in his Georgia indictment". CNN. Retrieved August 19, 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump&oldid=1191422477"