Eastern Orthodoxy by country: Difference between revisions
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| align="right" | 173,645{{ref label|Albania|B|B}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://shqiptarja.com/uploads/ckeditor/667eb96647c4bcens-2023.pdf |title=CENSI I POPULLSISË DHE BANESAVE NË SHQIPËRI 2023 |access-date=2024-07-10}}</ref> |
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| {{flag|Armenia}} ([[Religion in Armenia|details]]) |
| {{flag|Armenia}} ([[Religion in Armenia|details]]) |
Latest revision as of 17:52, 10 July 2024
Part of a series on the |
Eastern Orthodox Church |
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Overview |
Based on the numbers of adherents, the Eastern Orthodox Church (also known as Eastern Orthodoxy) is the second largest Christian communion in the world, after the Roman Catholic Church, with the most common estimates of baptised members being approximately 220 million.[1][2][3] The numerous Protestant groups in the world, if taken all together, substantially outnumber the Eastern Orthodox,[4] but they differ theologically and do not form a single communion.[5]
Overview
[edit]Eastern Orthodoxy is the predominant religion in Russia (77%),[6][7][8] where roughly half the world's Eastern Orthodox Christians live. The religion is also heavily concentrated in the rest of Eastern Europe, where it is the majority religion in Ukraine (65.4%[9]–77%),[10] Romania (82%),[11] Belarus (48%[12]–73%[13]), Greece (95%–98%),[11] Serbia (97%),[11] Bulgaria (62.7%),[14][15] Moldova (93%),[11] Georgia (84%),[11] North Macedonia (65%),[11] Cyprus (89%)[11] and Montenegro (72%);[11] it is also predominant in the disputed territories of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria.
Significant minorities are present in several European countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina (31%),[11] Latvia (18%), Estonia (14%), Albania (7%),[16] Lithuania (4%), Croatia (4%), Slovenia (2%), and Finland (1.5%). In the former Soviet republics of Central Asia, Eastern Orthodoxy constitutes the dominant religion in northern Kazakhstan, representing 23.9% of the population of the region,[17] and is also a significant minority in Kyrgyzstan (17%), Turkmenistan (5%), Uzbekistan (5%), Azerbaijan (2%),[11] and Tajikistan (1%). In the Levant, the most significant Eastern Orthodox populations are[when?] in Lebanon (8%),[18] Syria (5–8% prior to the 2011 civil war) in Palestine (0.5%–2.5%)[19] and Jordan (over 1%).[citation needed]
The percentage of Christians in Turkey, home to an historically large and influential Eastern Orthodox community, fell from 19% in 1914 to 2.5% in 1927,[20] due to genocide,[21] demographic upheavals caused by the population exchange between Greece and Turkey,[22] and the emigration of Christians to foreign countries (mostly in Europe and the Americas).[23] Today[when?] there are more than 160,000 people of different Christian denominations.[24]
Recent[when?] immigration and missionary activity have raised[citation needed] the numbers of Eastern Orthodox adherents in traditionally Catholic and Protestant countries, including Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, Canada and Switzerland, where they comprise roughly 2% of the population in each.[citation needed]
Eastern Orthodox population by country
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png/500px-World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png)
The number of members of the Eastern Orthodox Church in each country has been subject to debate.[by whom?]
Each study performed that seeks to discover the number of adherents in a country may use different criteria, and be submitted to different populations. As such, some numbers may be inflated, and therefore inaccurate. Examples of this are Greece and Russia, where estimates of adherence to Eastern Orthodoxy may reach 80–98%, but where surveys found lower percentages professing Eastern Orthodoxy or belief in God. The likely reason for this disparity is that many people in majority Eastern Orthodox countries will culturally identify with the Eastern Orthodox Church, especially if they were baptized as children, even if they are not currently practicing. This includes those who may be irreligious, yet culturally identify with the Eastern Orthodox Church, or for whom Eastern Orthodox Christianity is listed on official state records. Other cases of incongruent data also might be due to counting ethnic groups from Eastern Orthodox countries rather than actual adherents. For example, the Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the United States, which has large numbers of immigrants from Eastern Orthodox countries, have collectively reported a total of 2–3 million across the country.[citation needed]
However, a 2010 study by Alexei Krindatch sought data from each parish, with the specific criteria of annual participation, discovering that there were only about 817,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians actively practicing their faith (i.e., attending church services on a regular basis) in the United States. The study explained that such a difference was due to a variety of circumstances, for example the higher numbers having counted all people who self-identify as Eastern Orthodox on a census regardless of active participation, or all people belonging to ethnic groups originating in Eastern Orthodox countries. This study, while initially controversial, proved groundbreaking, and has since been officially approved for use by the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America.[citation needed]
Country | Total population | % Eastern Orthodox | Eastern Orthodox total |
---|---|---|---|
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2,621,977 | 7.22%[B] | 173,645[B][25] |
![]() |
3,018,854 | 0.25% | 7,587[26] |
![]() |
23,824,600 | 2.6% | 563,100[27] |
![]() |
8,773,000 | 6% | 500,000 |
![]() |
9,624,900 | 2.5% | 240,000 |
![]() |
9,349,645 | 83.3%[28] | 7,788,254 |
![]() |
3,502,227 | 31%[11] | 1,086,733 |
![]() |
210,147,125 | 0.064% | 135,000 |
![]() |
7,348,328[29] | 59.4%[30] | 4,374,135 |
![]() |
33,476,688 | 1.7% | 550,690[31] |
![]() |
1,386,000,000 | 0.001% | 15,000 |
![]() |
4,284,889 | 4.44%[32] | 195,969 |
![]() |
838,897 | 89.1%[11] | 781,900 |
![]() |
10,538,275 | 0.2% | 20,533 |
![]() |
105,000,000 | 0.3% | 350,000[33] |
![]() |
1,294,486 | 13.66% | 176,773[34][35] |
![]() |
67,150,000 | 1% | 500,000–700,000[36] |
![]() |
912,241 | 0.02% | 200+[37] |
![]() |
5,477,359 | 1.1%[38] | 70,000 |
![]() |
3,713,804 | 83.4% | 3,097,312 |
![]() |
84,270,625 | 3.56% | 3,000,000[39] |
![]() |
10,423,054 | 90%[40] | 9,380,749 |
![]() |
107,317 | 0.1% | 100[41] |
![]() |
17,263,239 | 3% | 200,000–550,000 |
![]() |
9,010,050[11] | 0.67%[11] | 100,000 |
![]() |
60,795,612 | 1.5% | 900,000[42] |
![]() |
126,226,568 | 0.02% | 20,000[43] |
![]() |
9,531,712 | 2–4.5% | 150,000–350,000 |
![]() |
17,948,816 | 23.9% | 4,300,000[17] |
![]() |
51,413,925 | 0.01% | 6,000 |
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1,433,842 | 1.5%[A] | 25,837[C] |
![]() |
5,895,100 | 17%[44] | 1,000,000 |
![]() |
2,027,000 | 17.9% | 370,000[45] |
![]() |
4,525,247 | 9% | 330,000 |
![]() |
2,966,954 | 4.2% | 125,189[46] |
![]() |
26,262,313 | 0.06% | 15,000[47] |
![]() |
121,736,809 | 0.01% | 15,000 |
![]() |
3,383,332 | 93.3% | 3,158,015[48] |
![]() |
629,320 | 81% | 509,749[49] |
![]() |
4,599,327 | 0.3% | 13,883[17] |
![]() |
2,022,547 | 69.8% | 1,610,184[50] |
![]() |
5,328,212 | 0.41% | 21,993[51] |
![]() |
4,550,368 | 2.5%[19] | 100,000 |
![]() |
109,035,343[52] | 0.002% | 2,500[53] |
![]() |
38,386,000 | 1.4% | 504,400[54] |
![]() |
20,121,641 | 81.1% | 16,321,389[55] |
![]() |
145,500,000 | 72%[6][7] | 101,450,000[57]–104,000,000[58][59] |
![]() |
7,237,375 | 84% | 6,079,395[60] |
![]() |
5,397,036 | 0.9% | 49,133[61] |
![]() |
2,055,496 | 2.2% | 45,000 |
![]() |
46,464,053 | 3.1% | 1,500,000 |
![]() |
9,775,572 | 1.5% | 145,279[62] |
![]() |
8,211,700 | 1.7% | 140,000[63] |
![]() |
22,457,336 | 3.1% | 700,000 |
![]() |
8,208,000 | 2% | 160,000 |
![]() |
505,153 | 91%[64] | 460,000 |
![]() |
84,277,439 | 0.02% | 16,000[65] |
![]() |
5,171,643 | 5.3%[66] | 270,000 |
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40,000,000 | 65.4–76.6%[10] | 27,802,000[9]–34,850,000[10] |
![]() |
321,163,157 | 0.3% | 1,043,850[67] |
![]() |
67,886,011 | 0.7% | 475,000 |
![]() |
29,559,100 | 5%[68] | 1,000,000 |
TOTAL | 3,331,625,296 | 4%[69] | ~220 million[2] |
A Unreliable census (boycotted by most Serbs). |
B Unreliable census |
Eastern Orthodox Church by jurisdiction
[edit]Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches
[edit]The Eastern Orthodox Church is organized as a union of several autocephalous subdivisions, which are also called "Churches" (or, sometimes, "jurisdictions"). Some are associated with a specific country, while others are not. This table presents some known data regarding individual jurisdictions. "NA" means that data is not available.
Jurisdiction | Bishops | Priests | Monastics | Monasteries | Parishes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constantinople | 125 | NA | 1,800[Note 1] | 142 | 648 |
Alexandria | 41 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Antioch | 36 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Jerusalem | 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Russia | 217 | 30,675 | NA | 807 | 30,142 |
Serbia | 45 | NA | NA | 286 | 3,100 |
Romania | 53 | 15,068 | 7,605 | 359 | 15,717 |
Bulgaria | 15 | 1,500 | NA | 120 | 2,600 |
Georgia | 37 | 730 | NA | NA | 600 |
Cyprus | 16 | NA | NA | 67 | NA |
Greece | 101 | 10,000 | 3,541[70] | 646[70] | 9,146[71] |
Poland | 12 | NA | NA | NA | 400 |
Albania | 6 | 135 | NA | 150 | 909 |
Czech Lands & Slovakia | 6 | NA | NA | NA | 172 |
Orthodox Church in America | 50 | 2700 | NA | 100 | 1200 |
Ukraine | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7,000[72][73] |
North Macedonia/ Macedonian Orthodox Church |
NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Total | 743 | 54,382 | 12,946 | 2,256 | 61,939 |
Notes
[edit]- ^ This is including Mount Athos
References
[edit]- ^ Fairchild, Mary (17 March 2017). "Eastern Orthodox Denomination". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
- ^ a b Brien, Joanne O.; Palmer, Martin (2007). The Atlas of Religion. Univ of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-520-24917-2.
There are over 220 million Orthodox Christians worldwide.
- ^ "BBC – Religions – Christianity: Eastern Orthodox Church". www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ Jay Diamond, Larry. Plattner, Marc F. and Costopoulos, Philip J. World Religions and Democracy. 2005, page 119.(also in PDF file Archived 2008-04-13 at the Wayback Machine, p. 49), saying "Not only do Protestants presently constitute 13 percent of the world's population—about 800 million people—but since 1900 Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America." "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved 2013-07-03.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ a b VTSIOM
- ^ a b Public Opinion Foundation
- ^ There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, ARENA determined that about 46.8% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the Levada Center Archived 2012-12-31 at the Wayback Machine determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the Public Opinion Foundation determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with Pew's 2010 survey, which determined that 73.6% of Russians are Christians, with VTSIOM's 2010 survey (~77% Christian), and with Ipsos MORI Archived 2013-01-17 at the Wayback Machine's 2011 survey (69%).
- ^ a b РЕЛІГІЯ, ЦЕРКВА, СУСПІЛЬСТВО І ДЕРЖАВА: ДВА РОКИ ПІСЛЯ МАЙДАНУ (Religion, Church, Society and State: Two Years after Maidan) Archived 2017-04-22 at the Wayback Machine, 2016 report by Razumkov Center in collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches. pp. 27-29.
- ^ a b c "Pewforum: Christianity (2010)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-08-05. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Field Listing :: Religions". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ Religion and denominations in the Republic of Belarus by the Commissioner on Religions and Nationalities of the Republic of Belarus from November 2011
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- ^ National Statistical Institute (2022). "Population by Religious Denomination, Statistical Regions and Districts as of 07/09/2021".
- ^ "Преброяване 2021: Етнокултурна характеристика на населението" [2021 Census: Ethnocultural characteristics of the population] (PDF). National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 November 2022.
- ^ Religion in Albania#Religious demography
- ^ a b c Table 28, 2013 Census Data – QuickStats About Culture and Identity – Tables.
- ^ Lebanon – International Religious Freedom Report 2010 U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 14 February 2010.
- ^ a b The World Factbook
- ^ İçduygu, Ahmet; Toktaş, Şule; Ali Soner, B. (1 February 2008). "The politics of population in a nation-building process: emigration of non-Muslims from Turkey". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 31 (2): 358–389. doi:10.1080/01419870701491937. hdl:11729/308. S2CID 143541451.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Schaller, Dominik J; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies—Introduction". Journal of Genocide Research. 10 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820. S2CID 71515470.
- ^ Chapter The refugees question in Greece (1821-1930) in "Θέματα Νεοελληνικής Ιστορίας", ΟΕΔΒ ("Topics from Modern Greek History"). 8th edition. Nikolaos Andriotis. 2008.
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- ^ "CENSI I POPULLSISË DHE BANESAVE NË SHQIPËRI 2023" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-07-10.
- ^ "Armenian Census 2011" (PDF) (in Armenian). p. 7. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ^ "2071.0 - Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013". Archived from the original on 2016-04-25. Retrieved 2015-07-08.
- ^ "Generations and Gender Survey, 2020 Belarus Wave 1". ggpsurvey.ined.fr. Archived from the original on 2022-10-16. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
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- ^ "Naslovna".
- ^ "Egypt Religions & Peoples". Encyclopedia. LookLex. September 30, 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-02-01.
- ^ "PC0454: AT LEAST 15-YEAR-OLD PERSONS BY RELIGION, SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY, 31 DECEMBER 2011". Statistics Estonia. 31 December 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
- ^ "PHC 2011: over a quarter of the population are affiliated with a particular religion". Statistics Estonia. 29 April 2013. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
- ^ "France currently home to 500-700,000 Orthodox Christians and growing".
- ^ "Επίσκεψη στην Ορθόδοξη Ιεραποστολή στα νησιά Φίτζι (ΦΩΤΟΡΕΠΟΡΤΑΖ)". 29 September 2018.
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- ^ "Religious affiliation in central and eastern Europe". 10 May 2017.
- ^ "St. George's: Orthodox Community in Grenada to open New Mission Parish".
- ^ Caritas Dossier Immigrazione 2007 Archived November 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Religions in Japan | PEW-GRF". Global Religious Futures Project.
- ^ United States Department of State
- ^ "Tieslietu ministrija iesniegtie religisko organizaciju parskati par darbibu 2011. gada" (in Latvian). Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
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- ^ 2004 census
- ^ "Popis stanovništva, domacinstava i stanova u Crnoj Gori 2011. godine" [Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011] (PDF) (Press release) (in Serbo-Croatian and English). Statistical office, Montenegro. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
- ^ http://www.stat.gov.mk/publikacii/knigaX.pdf [bare URL PDF]
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- ^ "Population and Housing | Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines". psa.gov.ph. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
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- ^ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Mały Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 2016, Warszawa 2017, tab. 18(80), s. 115
- ^ 2011 Census Religion Statistics (final results) Archived 2020-08-07 at the Wayback Machine (in Romanian)
- ^ There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, ARENA determined that about 46.8% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the Levada Center Archived 2012-12-31 at the Wayback Machine determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the Public Opinion Foundation determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with Pew's 2010 survey, which determined that 73.6% of Russians are Christians, with VTSIOM's 2010 survey (~77% Christian), and with Ipsos MORI Archived 2013-01-17 at the Wayback Machine's 2011 survey (69%).
- ^ http://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953 Public Opinion Foundation
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- ^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Transnistria (unrecognised state): Overview". Refworld. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- ^ "Rum Orthodox Christians". minorityrights.org. 5 February 2005. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015.
- ^ "Religions in Turkmenistan | PEW-GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
- ^ Krindatch, Alexei (2011). "Orthodox Christian Churches in the United States: 2010" (PDF). Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches. Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-935317-23-4.
- ^ United States Department of State
- ^ "Eastern Orthodoxy by Country 2024". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
- ^ a b "CNEWA – Church of Greece". Archived from the original on 2009-08-02. Retrieved 2013-07-03.
- ^ Apostolos Lakasas (6 January 2017). "Greece's many places of worship". www.ekathimerini.com. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
- ^ "Epifaniy: Orthodox Church of Ukraine counts nearly 7,000 parishes and is open to other communities". risu.org.ua.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) In the CPC, the number of parishes and commented on the seizure of temples, Ukrayinska Pravda (21 December 2018)