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== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[i (newspaper)]]
*[[Independent Foreign Fiction Prize]]
*[[Independent Foreign Fiction Prize]]


Revision as of 11:27, 7 July 2011

"Independent Online" redirects here. For South African version, see Independent Online (South Africa).

Template:Other uses2

The Independent
Front page
Front page of The Independent from 30 April 2011
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatCompact
Owner(s)Alexander Lebedev, Evgeny Lebedev
PublisherIndependent Print Limited
EditorChris Blackhurst
Founded1986
Political alignmentLiberal / centre-left
HeadquartersNorthcliffe House,
London, UK
Circulation183,547[1]
Sister newspapersThe Independent on Sunday
i
ISSN0951-9467
OCLC number185201487
Websiteindependent.co.uk
The Independent on Sunday
TypeSunday newspaper
EditorJohn Mullin
Circulation155,661[1]
Sister newspapersThe Independent
ISSN0958-1723
OCLC number500339994

The Independent is a British national morning newspaper published in London by Independent Print Limited, owned since 2010 by Alexander Lebedev.[2] It is nicknamed the Indy, while the Sunday edition, The Independent on Sunday, is the Sindy. Launched in 1986, it is one of the youngest UK national daily newspapers. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards.

Originally a broadsheet newspaper, since 2003 it has been published in a tabloid (or self-described 'compact') format. The Independent is regarded as leaning to the left politically[3], however tends to take a classical liberal, pro-market, stance on economic issues[4], making it difficult to place it on the oft-used left/right spectrum. Furthermore, it generally has not affiliated itself to any political party, and has a range of views given on its editorial and comment pages. The newspaper describes itself as "free from party political bias, free from proprietorial influence" - a banner it carries on the front page of its daily edition.

In February 2010, the paper had a certified average daily circulation of 183,547, down 10.88% from the previous year.[1]

History

Creation in 1986

The Independent was first published on 7 October 1986 as a broadsheet. It was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwell's ownership. Marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing and Whittam Smith took control of the paper.

The paper was created at a time of tension in British journalism. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long-accepted practices and fighting with the print unions. In this atmosphere the new paper attracted staff from Murdoch broadsheets who preferred not to move to Wapping. Launched with the advertising slogan "It is. Are you?", and challenging The Guardian for centre-left readers, and The Times as a newspaper of record, it reached a circulation of over 400,000 in 1989. Competing in a moribund market, The Independent sparked a general freshening of newspaper design as well as a price war. The market was tight and when The Independent launched an independent Sunday edition in 1990, sales were less than anticipated (partly due to the launch of the ill-fated Sunday Correspondent some months earlier). Some aspects of production merged with the main paper, although with a largely distinct editorial staff.

In the 1990s, The Independent started an advertising campaign accusing The Times and The Daily Telegraph of reflecting the views of their proprietors, Rupert Murdoch and Conrad Black. It featured spoofs of their mastheads with the words 'THE RUPERT MURDOCH', 'The Conrad Black', and below, 'THE INDEPENDENT'.

1990s to the present day

By the 1990s, Newspaper Publishing had financial problems. Several other newspapers launched in the 1980s, including the Sunday Correspondent, had collapsed without enough readers to ensure profitability, and The Independent was experiencing similar problems. Two European media groups took small stakes. A number of other media companies were interested in the paper. Sir Tony O Reilly's media group and Mirror Group Newspapers developed substantial stakes by mid-1994. In March 1995 Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into Independent News & Media (43%), MGN (43%), and Prisa (El Pais, 12%). In the same month, Whittam Smith left the paper.[citation needed]

In April 1996 there was another refinancing and in March 1998 O'Reilly bought the other 54% of the company for £30 million, and assumed the company's debt. Brendan Hopkins headed Independent News while Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent and Rosie Boycott of The Independent on Sunday. Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, partly as a result of a limited promotional budget. Marr admitted his changes were foolhardy in his semi-autobiographical, My Trade.[citation needed]

Boycott left in April 1998 to The Daily Express and Marr in May 1998, later to join the BBC as political editor. Simon Kelner was made editor. By this time the circulation had fallen below 200,000. Independent News spent heavily to improve circulation and the paper had a number of redesigns. While circulation improved it did not approach 1989 or restore profitability and job cuts and financial controls took their toll on the journalists and their morale. Ivan Fallon, on the board since 1995 and once a key figure at the Sunday Times, replaced Hopkins as head of Independent News & Media in July 2002. By mid 2004, the newspaper was losing £5million a year. A gradual improvement meant that by 2006, circulation was at a nine-year high.[5]

On 28 November 2008, following staff cuts, a move of production was announced to Northcliffe House, headquarters of Associated Newspapers.[6] The two newspaper groups' editorial, management and commercial operations remained separate but shared services including security, IT, switchboard and payroll.

On 25 March 2010, Independent News & Media sold the newspaper to a company controlled by Alexander Lebedev and Evgeny Lebedev.[2] The father and son had bought a controlling stake in London's Evening Standard, a newspaper based in the same building, in 2009. Two weeks later, editor Roger Alton stood down.[7]

In October 2010 i, a (little) sister newspaper, was launched. i is a separate newspaper, but uses some of the same material.

Format and design changes

The Independent was originally published as a broadsheet but from September 2003 was produced in both broadsheet and tabloid versions, with the same content in each. The tabloid edition was termed “compact” to distance itself from the more sensationalist reporting style usually associated with "tabloid" newspapers in the UK.[8] After launching in the London area and subsequently the northwest,[9] the smaller format appeared gradually throughout the UK. Soon afterwards Rupert Murdoch's Times followed suit and introduced its own tabloid version.[10] Prior to these changes, The Independent had a daily circulation of around 217,500, the lowest of any major national British daily, climbing to claim a 15% rise by March 2004 (to 250,000). Throughout much of 2006, circulation stagnated at a quarter of a million. On 14 May 2004, The Independent produced its last weekday broadsheet, having stopped producing a Saturday broadsheet edition in January. The Independent on Sunday published its last simultaneous broadsheet on 9 October 2005, and has since followed a compact design.

On 12 April 2005, The Independent redesigned its layout to a more European feel, similar to France's Libération. The redesign was carried out by a Barcelona-based design studio. The weekday second section was subsumed within the main paper, double-page feature articles became common in the main news pages, and there were revisions to front and back covers.[11] A new second section, Extra, was introduced on 25 April 2006. It is similar to The Guardian's G2 and The Times' Times2, containing features, reportage and games, including sudoku. In June 2007 The Independent on Sunday consolidated its content into a news section which included sports and business, and a magazine focusing on life and culture.[12]

On 23 September 2008 the main newspaper became full-colour and "Extra" was replaced by a "Independent Life Supplement" focusing on different themes each day.[13]

Three weeks after the acquisition of the paper by Alexander Lebedev and Evgeny Lebedev in 2010, the paper was relaunched with another redesign on 20 April. The new format featured smaller headlines and a new pullout "Viewspaper" section, which contained the paper's comment and feature articles.[14] From 26 October 2010, the same day as its sister paper i was launched, The Independent started to be printed on slightly thicker paper than before and ceased to be full-colour throughout, with many photographs and pictures (though none of those used in adverts) being printed in black and white only.

Website

On 23 January 2008, The Independent relaunched its online edition, www.independent.co.uk.[15][16] The relaunched site introduced a new look, better access to the blog service, priority on image and video content and additional areas of the site including art, architecture, fashion, gadgets and health. The paper launched Podcast programmes such as The Independent Music Radio Show, The Independent Travel Guides, The Independent Sailing Podcasts, and The Independent Video Travel Guides. Since 2009, the website has carried short video news bulletins provided by the Al Jazeera English news channel.[17]

Political stance

When the paper was established in 1986, the founders intended its political stance to reflect the centre of the British political spectrum and thought that it would take readers primarily from The Times and The Daily Telegraph. However it is now seen as tending towards left-wing views, making it more a competitor to The Guardian, even though it still features conservative columnists such as Bruce Anderson and Dominic Lawson and tends to take a classical liberal, pro-market, stance on economic issues.[18] A 2004 poll by MORI showed 39% of readers were Liberal Democrat voters while 36% supported the Labour party.[19] However on 5 May 2010, the eve of the British general election, The Independent made its political stance unequivocally clear, advising its readers: "There is a strong case for progressively minded voters to lend their support to the Liberal Democrats."[20]

The paper took a strong editorial position against the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and aspects of US and UK foreign policy related to the War on Terrorism following the September 11 attacks. It has also been critical of Israeli government policies and highlighted what it refers to as “war crimes” being committed by pro-government forces in the Darfur region of Sudan.[21]

A leader published on the day of the London Mayoral election of 2008 which compared the candidates said that, if the newspaper had a vote, it would vote first for the Green Party candidate, Sian Berry, noting the similarity between her priorities and those of The Independent, and secondly, with "rather heavy heart", for the then incumbent, Ken Livingstone.[22]

The paper has also taken strong positions on environmental issues, and has run campaigns for electoral reform, against the introduction of ID cards and against the restriction of mass immigration to the UK. In 1997 The Independent on Sunday launched a campaign for the decriminalisation of cannabis, although ten years on it reversed that position, writing that it had underestimated the harm caused by the latest strains of the drug.[23] Originally it avoided royal stories, Whittam Smith later saying he thought the British press was "unduly besotted" with the Royal Family and that a newspaper could "manage without" stories that focused on the monarchy.[24] The Independent sponsors The Longford Prize, in memory of Lord Longford.[25]

Front pages

Following the switch in format, The Independent became known for its unorthodox and campaigning front pages, which frequently relied on images, graphics or lists rather than traditional headlines and written news content. For example, following the Kashmir earthquake in 2005 it used its front page to urge its readers to donate to its appeal fund, and following the publication of the Hutton Report into the death of British government scientist David Kelly, its front page simply carried the word "Whitewash?".[26] In 2003 the paper's editor, Simon Kelner, was named "Editor of the Year" at the "What the Papers Say" awards, partly in recognition of, according to the judges, his "often arresting and imaginative front-page designs".[27] In 2008 however, as he was stepping down as editor, he stated that it was possible to "overdo the formula" and that the style of the paper's front pages perhaps needed "reinvention".[28]

In 2007, Alan Rusbridger, editor of The Guardian, said of The Independent: "The emphasis on views, not news, means that the reporting is rather thin, and it loses impact on the front page the more you do that."[29] In a 12 June 2007 speech British Prime Minister Tony Blair called The Independent a "viewspaper", saying it "was started as an antidote to the idea of journalism as views not news. That was why it was called the Independent. Today it is avowedly a viewspaper not merely a newspaper".[30] The Independent criticised Blair's comments the following day.[31][32] The newspaper has since ironically changed format to include a 'Viewspaper' insert in the centre of the regular newspaper, designed to feature most of the opinion columns and arts reviews. Satirical magazine Private Eye frequently refers to The Independent as The Indescribablyboring.

The (RED) Independent

The Independent has supported U2 lead singer Bono's Product RED brand by creating The (RED) Independent, an occasional edition that gives half the day's proceeds to the charity.[33] The first edition was in May 2006. Edited by Bono, it drew high sales.[34]

A September 2006 edition of The RED Independent, designed by fashion designer Giorgio Armani, drew controversy due to its cover shot, showing model Kate Moss in blackface for an article about AIDS in Africa.[35]

Sections

The weekday, Saturday and Sunday editions of The Independent all include supplements and pull-out subsections -

Daily Monday to Friday The Independent

  • The Viewspaper: A pull-out containing the paper's comment and op-ed section, and features. Introduced as part of an April 2010 redesign.

Saturday's The Independent

  • The Information: A compact, primarily listings magazine, including television schedules, film and DVD reviews and events listings for the coming week. It also includes a round-up of the "50 best" items in a particular category. For example over the Christmas period there are weekly supplements of 'Gifts for him' and 'Gifts for her'
  • The Independent Traveller: Contains travel articles, advertisements etc.
  • The Independent Magazine: A features magazine including sections on food, interiors, fashion etc.

The Independent on Sunday

  • The New Review: A features magazine

Editors

The Independent

1986: Andreas Whittam Smith
1994: Ian Hargreaves
1995: Charles Wilson
1996: Andrew Marr
1998: Rosie Boycott
1998: Andrew Marr and Rosie Boycott
1998: Simon Kelner
2008: Roger Alton
2010: Simon Kelner
2011: Chris Blackhurst[36]

The Independent on Sunday

1990: Stephen Glover
1991: Ian Jack
1995: Peter Wilby
1996: Rosie Boycott
1998: Kim Fletcher
1999: Janet Street-Porter
2002: Tristan Davies
2008: John Mullin

There have also been various guest editors over the years, such as Elton John on 1 December 2010, the Body Shop's Anita Roddick on 19 June 2003 and U2's Bono in 2006.

Writers and columnists

Predominantly The Independent

Predominantly The Independent on Sunday

Notable photographers

  • Timothy Allen
  • David Ashdown
  • Jonathan Evans
  • Brian Harris
  • Tom Pilston
  • David Rose

Political allegiance

The newspaper's name is reflected in its tradition of not swaying to the support of any political party - unusual for a leading national newspaper. Its political stories traditionally debate, rather than support or criticise, political initiatives. However, they traditionally operate as a centre-left newspaper in the style of a Liberal Democrat supporter rather than a supporter of the traditionally right-wing Conservatives and the left-wing Labour Party. The Independent has been particularly critical of the Iraq War, in which Britain has participated since March 2003, when Labour's Tony Blair was six years into his 10-year period as prime minister.[37] In 2008, the paper endorsed the Green Party candidate for the mayoral election in London, Siân Berry.[38]

Since the purchase by Lebedev some have raised concerns about its direction, particularly after an article praising St Petersburg's governor Valentina Matviyenko was published in October 2010 including phrases such as: ‘...her whole career... a near-ideal reflection of her country's experience... a phenomenal power of recall... the city's birthrate has risen rapidly... families are moving to the city from many other parts of Russia, including Moscow, for the culture and quality of life... one of very few Russian politicians to be actively tackling corruption... the administrative competence the Governor oozes when she speaks, and her boundless enthusiasm for her adopted city...’[39] 33 Russian intellectuals launched a complaint with the Press Complaints Commission.[40] The writer, Mary Dejevsky, has denied being paid for the article.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Brook, Stephen (25 March 2010). "Lebedev buys Independent newspapers". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Independent titles sold to Lebedev family company". The Independent. London. 2010-03-25. Retrieved 2010-03-25. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ U.K. paper follows rivals into tabloid format: At The Times, size matters, International Herald Tribune, 8 December 2003.
  4. ^ Wilby, Peter (14 April 2008). "It is. Is he?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  5. ^ Lelic, Sarah (19 September 2006). "INM eyes Independent profit". mad.co.uk.
  6. ^ Sweney, Mark (28 November 2008). "Independent titles to relocate to Associated Newspapers HQ". London: Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
  7. ^ Dominic Ponsford, "Roger Alton steps down as Independent editor", Press Gazette, 9 April 2010
  8. ^ Carney, Beth (1 December 2004). "British papers shrink to conquer". Business Week. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  9. ^ "The Independent announces launch of compact version in North-west". London: The Independent. 3 November 2003. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  10. ^ Billings, Claire (5 December 2003). "Times tabloid pushes up sales". Brand Republic. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  11. ^ Brook, Stephen (12 April 2005). "Independent redesign takes it forward". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  12. ^ Dominic Ponsford. "News magazine look for relaunched Independent on Sunday". Press Gazette.
  13. ^ Luft, Oliver (23 September 2008). "Independent goes full colour". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  14. ^ Ponsford, Dominic (20 April 2010). "Independent relaunch". Press Gazette. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  15. ^ "Welcome to The Independent's new website". The Independent (web only). 23 January 2008.
  16. ^ "Independent unveils revamped website". Journalism.co.uk. 23 January 2008.
  17. ^ Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (15 January 2009). "Independent in al-Jazeera video tie-up". guardian.co.uk (web only). Retrieved 1 May 2009.
  18. ^ Wilby, Peter (14 April 2008). "It is. Is he?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  19. ^ Mori poll[dead link]
  20. ^ "This historic opportunity must not be missed". The Independent. London. 5 May 2010.
  21. ^ Grice, Andrew (2 August 2007). "Darfur: The evidence of war crimes". The Independent. London. Retrieved 1 May 2009.
  22. ^ "So consonant are her priorities with those of this paper that, if we could vote for mayor today, we would place our first-preference cross against her name. This would underscore the importance of the environment to both London and to the rest of the nation. Then, and with rather heavy heart, it would be illogical to do anything other than make Ken Livingstone our second choice." "If newspapers had a vote, this one would put its cross beside... (leader)". The Independent. London. 1 May 2008. p. 28.
  23. ^ Owen, Jonathan (18 March 2007). "Were we out of our minds? No, but then came skunk". The Independent on Sunday. London. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  24. ^ Whittam Smith, Andreas (11 December 2000). "Debate the monarchy's future, but it will change nothing". The Independent. London. Retrieved 1 May 2009.
  25. ^ Morris, Nigel (23 November 2007). "Prisoners Abroad charity wins Longford prize". The Independent. London. Retrieved 1 May 2009.
  26. ^ Whitehead, Jennifer (12 October 2005). "Independent breaks front page mould again". PRWeek. Retrieved 1 May 2009. [dead link]
  27. ^ Burrell, Ian (18 December 2003). "Independent editor wins top award". The Independent. London. Retrieved 1 May 2009.
  28. ^ Brook, Stephen (5 June 2008). "Kelner says it's time to rethink "viewspaper" front pages". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 May 2009.
  29. ^ Morgan, Piers (2 April 2007). "What happened when the Guardian editor met Piers Morgan". The Independent. London.
  30. ^ "Blair on the media". BBC News. 12 June 2007.
  31. ^ Grice, Andrew (13 June 2007). "Blair's attack provokes anger among newspaper editors and broadcasters". The Independent (London). Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  32. ^ Kelner, Simon (13 June 2007). "Would you be saying this, Mr Blair, if we supported your war in Iraq?". The Independent. London. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  33. ^ Vallely, Paul (15 May 2006). "A red revolution on the high street". The Independent. London.
  34. ^ "They found what they were looking for". NewsDesigner.com. 23 May 2006.
  35. ^ Pool, Hannah (22 September 2006). "Return to the dark ages". The Guardian. London.
  36. ^ "A new editor for The Independent". The Independent. London. 2 July 2011.
  37. ^ Supanet.com
  38. ^ "Leading article: If newspapers had a vote, this one would put its cross beside". The Independent. London. 1 May 2008.
  39. ^ Lebedev's tangled web, opendemocracy.net
  40. ^ Russians complain to PCC over 'propaganda article' in The Independent, Guardian
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