Anti-Pakistan sentiment: Difference between revisions
m →Afghanistan: move link to first usage |
more sources |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{multiple issues|POV=February 2012|disputed=February 2012|original research=February 2012}} |
{{multiple issues|POV=February 2012|disputed=February 2012|original research=February 2012}} |
||
{{Discrimination sidebar}} |
{{Discrimination sidebar}} |
||
'''Anti-Pakistan sentiment''' or '''Pakistan-phobia'''<ref>http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/06-Dec-2011/Americas-Pakistan-phobia</ref> is a term defined by political scientists{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} and media as a diverse spectrum of ostensible "prejudices, dislike or fear"{{cn|date=February 2012}} of the state of [[Pakistan]], its politics, [[Government of Pakistan|government]], [[Culture of Pakistan|its culture]], or [[People of Pakistan|people]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} The concept exists throughout several countries, including [[India]], [[Afghanistan]], the [[Western world]] and the [[Arab world]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} Foreign governments, peoples and even media outlets are routinely accused by [[Pakistani nationalism|Pakistani nationalists]] of displaying Anti-Pakistan sentiment. |
'''Anti-Pakistan sentiment''' or '''Pakistan-phobia'''<ref>http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/06-Dec-2011/Americas-Pakistan-phobia</ref><ref>http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=YsL-7mlzEY8C&pg=PA239&dq=Pakistan-phobia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4x86T5PwL4eYhQev35yeCg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pakistan-phobia&f=false</ref><ref>http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=LDBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Pakistan-phobia&dq=Pakistan-phobia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4x86T5PwL4eYhQev35yeCg&redir_esc=y</ref><ref>http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=1xkeAAAAMAAJ&q=Pakistan-phobia&dq=Pakistan-phobia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4x86T5PwL4eYhQev35yeCg&redir_esc=y</ref> is a term defined by political scientists{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} and media as a diverse spectrum of ostensible "prejudices, dislike or fear"{{cn|date=February 2012}} of the state of [[Pakistan]], its politics, [[Government of Pakistan|government]], [[Culture of Pakistan|its culture]], or [[People of Pakistan|people]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} The concept exists throughout several countries, including [[India]], [[Afghanistan]], the [[Western world]] and the [[Arab world]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} Foreign governments, peoples and even media outlets are routinely accused by [[Pakistani nationalism|Pakistani nationalists]] of displaying Anti-Pakistan sentiment. |
||
==India== |
==India== |
||
Revision as of 08:51, 14 February 2012
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
No issues specified. Please specify issues, or remove this template. |
| Part of a series on |
| Discrimination |
|---|
 |
Anti-Pakistan sentiment or Pakistan-phobia[1][2][3][4] is a term defined by political scientists[citation needed] and media as a diverse spectrum of ostensible "prejudices, dislike or fear"[citation needed] of the state of Pakistan, its politics, government, its culture, or people.[citation needed] The concept exists throughout several countries, including India, Afghanistan, the Western world and the Arab world.[citation needed] Foreign governments, peoples and even media outlets are routinely accused by Pakistani nationalists of displaying Anti-Pakistan sentiment.
India
The Bharatiya Janata Party has used anti-Pakistan rhetoric to garner support.[5]
In 2004, a Pakistani newspaper article claimed that some Indian Bollywood films depict Pakistan in a hostile manner by portraying certain anti-Pakistan stereotypes.[6] Bollywood movies, however, have been highly popular in Pakistan and India's biggest Bollywood movie star Shah Rukh Khan has advocated India-Pakistan reconciliation. Although Bollywood films were banned for 40 years prior to 2008 because Indian culture was officially viewed as being "vulgar", there had been an active black market during the period and little was done to disrupt it.[7]
Afghanistan
Afghanistan and Pakistan are engaged in a border dispute over the Durand Line. The Durand border, cutting through Pashtun tribal areas and what was once known as historic Pashtunistan (Afghanistan) thereby taking away huge chunks of territory from historic Afghanistan, especially by the Afghan Pashtuns, is regarded as having been imposed on Afghanistan by then British India (now Pakistan). Meanwhile Pakistan regards the territory as rightfully inherited by British India. From 1947 till 1960, a regional dispute increased the tensions between the two coutries.
Pakistan's support to the anti-nationalist Afghan Taliban regime led to strong anti-Pakistan sentiments in Afghanistan. According to Pakistani Afghanistan expert Ahmed Rashid, "between 1994 and 1999, an estimated 80,000 to 100,000 Pakistanis trained and fought in Afghanistan" keeping the Taliban regime in power.[8] The role of the Pakistani military during that time has been described by international observers as a "creeping invasion" of Afghanistan.[8] UN documents also reveal the role of Arab and Pakistani support troops in Taliban massacre campaigns.[9]
In the course of the Taliban insurgency (2003-present) anti-Pakistan sentiment was again fueled after a spate of suicide bombings by the Taliban, which in 2011 caused 80 % of the civilian casualties in Afghanistan, and which the Afghan government and many international officials claim is supported by Pakistan.[10][11] Demonstrations in Afghanistan have denounced Pakistan politically for its alleged role in Taliban attacks.[12] Afghan leaders such as Amrullah Saleh or Ahmad Wali Massoud (a younger brother of Ahmad Shah Massoud) have said, that their criticism is directed at the politics of the Pakistani military and not at Pakistan as a country. Both reiterated the distinction by saying that the Pakistani people had been very generous in providing shelter to Afghan refugees but that it was the policy of the Pakistani military which had caused so much suffering to the Afghan people.[13]
In 2011, while lecturing at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, former Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf claimed the reason for anti-Pakistan sentiment was Afghanistan's relationship to the former Soviet Union and India.[14] His statement came despite Afghanistan being known for its historically fierce anti-Soviet resistance.
Bangladesh
Sentiments against the government and establishment of Pakistan were rife during the days of calls for seccession in Bangladesh. The Anti-Pakistan sentiment grew strongly in 1950s and in 1960s in East-Pakistan, now Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Forces fought shoulders-to-shoulders with Indian Armed Forces in the conflict which later become to known as Bangladesh Liberation War. However, relations have improved with Pakistan although historical issues such as the divisions of assets and atrocities continue to hinder relations from improving.[citation needed] The ties were at low point during the democratic governmental regime of Benazir Bhutto. However, in 1998, following Pakistan's nuclear tests, the ties were immensely improved. Common concerns over India's regional power have influenced strategic cooperation leading to a gift of several squadrons of F-6 fighter aircraft to the Bangladesh Air Force in the late 1980s although they was no serious effort to maintain them as there were later left to be destroyed by a cyclone. Members of the Bangladeshi Army are frequently received open admission at the National Defence University, a higher institution of civil and military studies.[citation needed]
United Kingdom
As of 2005[update], the United Kingdom had the largest overseas Pakistani community, who are known as British Pakistanis.[15] There have been periodic ethnic tensions faced by the Pakistani community. The first recorded use of the term "Paki" in a derogatory way was in the United Kingdom. It has also been used for non-Pakistani ethnic groups. The word is being reclaimed by younger British Pakistanis, who use it themselves.[16]
Pakistani reactions
Pakistani cable operators have accused foreign news organisations of airing "anti-Pakistan" material, according to the BBC. In November 2011 that organisation was itself blocked from view in Pakistan after it broadcast a documentary called Secret Pakistan and it noted that while it was officially the action of broadcast operators in the country, "the Pakistani government is likely to have put pressure on [them] to impose the ban". The government denied this, saying that it was committed to "freedom of press and media".[17]
References
- ^ http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/06-Dec-2011/Americas-Pakistan-phobia
- ^ http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=YsL-7mlzEY8C&pg=PA239&dq=Pakistan-phobia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4x86T5PwL4eYhQev35yeCg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Pakistan-phobia&f=false
- ^ http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=LDBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Pakistan-phobia&dq=Pakistan-phobia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4x86T5PwL4eYhQev35yeCg&redir_esc=y
- ^ http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=1xkeAAAAMAAJ&q=Pakistan-phobia&dq=Pakistan-phobia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4x86T5PwL4eYhQev35yeCg&redir_esc=y
- ^ Khan, Saira (2005). T. V. Paul (ed.). The India-Pakistan conflict: an enduring rivalry. Cambridge University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0521671262.
- ^ Hasan, Khalid (3 April 2004). "Indian film festival to screen anti-Pakistan films". Daily Times. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ Foreign Policy: How Pakistan Fell in Love With Bollywood
- ^ a b Maley, William (2009). The Afghanistan wars. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 288. ISBN 978-0230213135.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Newsday (2001). "Taliban massacres outlined for UN". Chicago Tribune.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Gall, Carlotta (15 February 2006). "Afghan Suicide Bombings, Tied to Taliban, Point to Pakistan". New York Times.
- ^ Joscelyn, Thomas (22 September 2011). "Admiral Mullen: Pakistani ISI sponsoring Haqqani attacks". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
During a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing today, Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, highlighted the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence Agency's role in sponsoring the Haqqani Network - including attacks on American forces in Afghanistan. "The fact remains that the Quetta Shura [Taliban] and the Haqqani Network operate from Pakistan with impunity," Mullen said in his written testimony. "Extremist organizations serving as proxies of the government of Pakistan are attacking Afghan troops and civilians as well as US soldiers." Mullen continued: "For example, we believe the Haqqani Network--which has long enjoyed the support and protection of the Pakistani government and is, in many ways, a strategic arm of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Agency--is responsible for the September 13th attacks against the U.S. Embassy in Kabul."
- ^ "Protests break out at Afghanistan peace negotiator's funeral". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. 2011.
Angry protests against Afghan President Hamid Karzai erupted Friday at the burial of his government's chief peace negotiator, who was killed this week by a suicide bomber posing as a Taliban envoy. The daylong funeral observances for Burhanuddin Rabbani, a former president, brought Afghanistan's capital to a near-standstill, with some of the heaviest security in recent memory. Police and soldiers in armored vehicles patrolled the streets, checkpoints dotted major boulevards and traffic circles, and a large part of central Kabul was blocked to all but foot traffic. Helicopters buzzed overhead. ... Mourners also shouted slogans denouncing Pakistan, which is seen as fomenting insurgent violence ...
- ^ Amrullah Saleh on the BBC's Hardtalk
- ^ Here [1]
- ^ Werbner, Pnina (2005). "Pakistani migration and diaspora religious politics in a global age". In Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian (eds.). Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures around the World. New York: Springer. p. 475. ISBN 0306483211.
- ^ Rajni Bhatia (11 June 2007). "After the N-word, the P-word" "After the N-word, the P-word". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
Its first recorded use was in 1964, when hostility in Britain to immigration from its former colonies in the Asian sub-continent, was beginning to find a voice.
{{cite news}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ BBC News - Pakistan blocks BBC World News TV channel. Bbc.co.uk (2011-11-30). Retrieved on 2011-12-31.
External links
Template:Anti-cultural sentiment
