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Revision as of 09:49, 17 August 2013

Republic of Khakassia
Republic
Республика Хакасия
Other transcription(s)
 • KhakasХакас Республиказы
Flag of Republic of Khakassia
Flag
Coat of arms of Republic of Khakassia
Coat of arms
Anthem: none
CountryRussia
Federal districtSiberian[1]
Economic regionEast Siberian[2]
CapitalAbakan
Government
 • BodySupreme Council[3]
 • Head[5]Viktor Zimin[4]
Area
[6]
 • Total61,900 km2 (23,900 sq mi)
 • Rank46th
Population
 (2010 census)[7]
 • Total532,403
 • Estimate 
(2018)[8]
537,513 (+1%)
 • Rank70th
 • Density8.6/km2 (22/sq mi)
 • Urban
67.3%
 • Rural
32.7%
Time zoneUTC+7 (MSK+4 Edit this on Wikidata[9])
ISO 3166 codeRU-KK
License plates19
OKTMO ID95000000
Official languagesRussian;[10] Khakas[11]
Websitehttp://www.r-19.ru

The Republic of Khakassia (Russian: Респу́блика Хака́сия, Respublika Khakasiya; Khakass: Хакас Республиказы[12]) or Khakasiya (Хака́сия) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in south-central Siberia. Its capital city is Abakan, which is also the largest city in the republic. Population: 532,403 (2010 Census).[7]

The Khakas language has co-official status in the republic.

History

From the 6th century Khakassia was the core of the old Kyrgyz state. In the 13th century, following defeat by the Mongols, the majority of the Kyrgyz people migrated southwest to their current homeland in Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan). Modern Khakassians regard themselves as the descendants of those Kyrgyz who remained in Siberia. Khakassia was incorporated into the Russian state in 1707.

In 1727 this was confirmed in a treaty between Russia and China. Tsarist policy was to deport convicted criminals from European Russia to Siberia and forts were quickly constructed in Khakassia (1707 and 1718). Many prisoners stayed in the area on their release. Many of the indigenous Khakassian people converted to the Russian Orthodox church and were gradually forced to abandon their nomadic way of life.

By the time of the Russian Revolution Russians made up approximately half of the population. Under Soviet rule autonomy was granted on 10 October 1930. During the 1920s and 1930s the Soviet authorities resettled an estimated quarter of a million Russians in the region. These were followed by 10,000 Volga Germans deported in World War II. By the time of the 1959 census ethnic Khakassians represented little more than one in ten of the population. Khakassia was given full autonomous republic status in 1991.

Administrative divisions

Map of the Republic of Khakassia
Main article: Administrative divisions of Khakassia

Demographics

Population: 532,403 (2010 Census);[7] 546,072 (2002 Census);[13] 568,605 (1989 Soviet census).[14]

Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Fertility rates
1970 448 7,347 3,749 3,598 16.4 8.4 8.0
1975 476 9,106 4,485 4,621 19.1 9.4 9.7
1980 508 9,994 5,345 4,649 19.7 10.5 9.2
1985 541 10,382 5,546 4,836 19.2 10.3 8.9
1990 572 8,724 6,060 2,664 15.3 10.6 4.7 2,27
1991 573 8,114 6,195 1,919 14.2 10.8 3.3 2,14
1992 574 6,917 6,843 74 12.0 11.9 0.1 1,81
1993 574 6,152 8,387 - 2,235 10.7 14.6 - 3.9 1,58
1994 572 6,219 9,426 - 3,207 10.9 16.5 - 5.6 1,57
1995 571 5,807 8,186 - 2,379 10.2 14.3 - 4.2 1,44
1996 569 5,727 8,093 - 2,366 10.1 14.2 - 4.2 1,40
1997 566 5,309 7,766 - 2,457 9.4 13.7 - 4.3 1,28
1998 563 5,602 7,821 - 2,219 10.0 13.9 - 3.9 1,34
1999 559 5,312 8,304 - 2,992 9.5 14.8 - 5.3 1,26
2000 556 5,634 8,104 - 2,470 10.1 14.6 - 4.4 1,32
2001 552 5,576 8,561 - 2,985 10.1 15.5 - 5.4 1,28
2002 547 6,118 9,280 - 3,162 11.2 17.0 - 5.8 1,39
2003 542 6,417 9,660 - 3,243 11.8 17.8 - 6.0 1,44
2004 539 6,453 8,763 - 2,310 12.0 16.3 - 4.3 1,43
2005 536 6,198 9,411 - 3,213 11.6 17.6 - 6.0 1,35
2006 533 6,465 7,927 - 1,462 12.1 14.9 - 2.7 1,40
2007 531 7,384 7,324 60 13.9 13.8 0.1 1,60
2008 531 7,935 7,427 508 14.9 14.0 1.0 1,72
2009 531 8,062 7,255 807 15.2 13.7 1.5 1,81
2010 531 8,010 7,373 637 15.0 13.8 1.2 1,80
2011 532 8,052 7,166 886 15.1 13.5 1.6 1,83
2012 533 8,503 7,082 1,421 16.0 13.3 2.7 1,98(e)

In 2007, the republic recorded a positive natural increase of population for the first time in many years (Although very small, less than +0.01% per year), being one of the 20 Russian regions to have a positive natural population growth rate. [2] [3]

Note: Data for Total fertility rate (2012) is estimate based on age and sex structure of Khakassia at the beginning of 2012, number of births in 2012 and fertility structure in previous years.[15]TFR source 2009, 2010, 2011.[16]

Ethnic groups

According to the 2010 Russian Census,[7] ethnic Russians make up 81.7% of the republic's population, while ethnic Khakas are only 12.1%. Other groups include ethnic Germans (1.1%), Ukrainians (1%), Tatars (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Ethnic
group 		1926 census 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002 census 2010 census1
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Khakas 44,219 49.8% 45,799 16.8% 48,512 11.8% 54,750 12.3% 57,281 11.5% 62,859 11.1% 65,421 12.0% 63,643 12.1%
Russians 41,390 46.6% 205,254 75.3% 314,455 76.5% 349,362 78.4% 395,953 79.4% 450,430 79.5% 438,395 80.3% 427,647 81.7%
Germans 46 0.1% 333 0.1% 10,512 2.6% 10,547 2.4% 11,130 2.2% 11,250 2.0% 9,161 1.7% 5,976 1.1%
Ukrainians 836 0.9% 7,788 2.9% 14,630 3.6% 9,480 2.1% 10,398 2.1% 13,223 2.3% 8,360 1.5% 5,039 1.0%
Others 2,381 2.7% 13,556 5.0% 22,938 5.6% 21,685 4.9% 23,622 4.7% 29,099 5.4% 24,735 4.5% 21,409 4.1%
1 8,689 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[17]

Religion

Main article: Religion in Khakassia

Religion in Khakassia (2012)[18][19]

  Russian Orthodox (31.6%)
  Unaffiliated Christian (6%)
  Rodnover and Tengrist (2%)
  Other Orthodox (1%)
  Muslim (1%)
  Protestant (1%)
  Hindu (0.4%)
  Buddhist (0.4%)
  Spiritual but not religious (38%)
  Atheist and undeclared (18.6%)

According to a 2012 official survey[18] 31.6% of the population of Khakassia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% adheres to other Orthodox Churches. 2% of the population adheres to Slavic Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism) or to Khakas Tengrism, 1% to Islam, 1% to forms of Protestantism, 0.4% to forms of Hinduism (Vedism, Krishnaism or Tantrism) and another 0.4% to Tibetan Buddhism. In addition, 38% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% is atheist, and 2.6% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[18]

Economy

The main industries in the republic are coal mining, ore mining and timber.

Sports

Sayany-Khakasiya[20] has been playing in the highest division of Russian Bandy League for a long time. Now they play in the 2nd highest division.

Views of Khakassia

  • Khakassian view (photo 2000)
    Khakassian view (photo 2000)
  • Eagle on megalith near the village of Kazanovka in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
    Eagle on megalith near the village of Kazanovka in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
  • Megalith near the village of Kazanovka in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
    Megalith near the village of Kazanovka in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
  • Megalith near the village of Safronov in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
    Megalith near the village of Safronov in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
  • Megalith near the village of Safronov in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
    Megalith near the village of Safronov in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
  • Sunset near the town of Askiz in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
    Sunset near the town of Askiz in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
  • Rape valley in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)
    Rape valley in the Republic of Khakassia, Russian Federation (photo 2000)

See also

References

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Constitution, Article 72
  4. ^ Official website of the Republic of Khakassia. Viktor Mikhaylovich Zimin Template:Ru icon
  5. ^ Constitution, Article 88
  6. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  8. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  9. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  10. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  11. ^ Constitution, Article 69
  12. ^ Name used in head of official documents, i.e.: [1] – ТРАНСПОРТ ПАЗА ЧОЛ ХОНИИНЫҢ МИНИСТЕРСТВОЗЫ ХАКАС РЕСПУБЛИКАЗЫ (ХАКАСИЯНЫН МИНТРАНЗЫ)
  13. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  14. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  15. ^ http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b12_111/Main.htm
  16. ^ http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312
  17. ^ http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
  18. ^ a b c Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
  19. ^ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
  20. ^ Official home page

Sources

  • Верховный Совет Республики Хакасия. №45 25 мая 1995 г. «Конституция Республики Хакасия», в ред. Конституционного закона №19-ЗРХ от 13 апреля 2007 г. (Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia. #45 May 25, 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia, as amended by the Constitutional Law #19-ZRKh of April 13, 2007. ).

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