Haplogroup K-M9: Difference between revisions
Niceguyedc (talk | contribs) m v1.36 - Repaired 1 link to disambiguation page - (You can help) - Alor |
→Origins and distribution: "Various corrections" |
||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
==Origins and distribution== |
==Origins and distribution== |
||
Y-DNA haplogroup K-M9 is an old lineage that arose approximately 47,000 years ago,<ref name = "Karafet"/> probably in [[South Asia]] or [[West Asia]]. It is very rare, although less than 1% in Europe it reaches 12% among [[Mongolians]]. In [[Europe]] it is very spotty, but is recorded in [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], the [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Shetland]].<ref>[http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2004-07/1090823397 David Faux. GENEALOGY-DNA-L Archives - Origins of R1a, Q and K in Scandanavia - Part 1]</ref> K-M9 is absent in [[Africa]] and is also very frequent among [[Japanese people|Japanese]] individuals (65.6%).<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15222681 "Heterogeneity of the Y chromosome in Afro-Brazilian populations." Abe-Sandes K., Silva W.A. Jr., Zago M.A. Hum Biol. 2004 Feb;76(1):77-86.]</ref> |
|||
Y-DNA haplogroup K-M9 is an old lineage that arose approximately 47,000 years ago,<ref name = "Karafet"/> probably in [[South Asia]] or [[West Asia]]. |
|||
The basal paragroup K* is exceptionally rare, although it has been reported at low frequencies in various parts of [[Eurasia]], [[Oceania]] and [[Africa]].<ref name="ISOGG 2015 KM9"/> |
The basal paragroup K* is exceptionally rare, although it has been reported at low frequencies in various parts of [[Eurasia]], [[Oceania]] and [[Africa]].<ref name="ISOGG 2015 KM9"/> |
Revision as of 02:37, 1 November 2015
Haplogroup K | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 47,000 years BP[1] |
Possible place of origin | South or West Asia |
Ancestor | IJK |
Descendants | haplogroup K2,[2] and LT |
Defining mutations | M9, P128/PF5504, P131/PF5493, P132/PF5480 |
Haplogroup K or K-M9 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A descendant of Haplogroup IJK, K-M9 and its descendant haplogroups comprise a populous geographically diverse haplogroup; they have long been found in men on every continent other than Antarctica.
The direct descendants of K-M9 are Haplogroup K2 (formerly KxLT; K-M526) and Haplogroup LT (L298 = P326).[2][3]
Origins and distribution
Y-DNA haplogroup K-M9 is an old lineage that arose approximately 47,000 years ago,[1] probably in South Asia or West Asia. It is very rare, although less than 1% in Europe it reaches 12% among Mongolians. In Europe it is very spotty, but is recorded in Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands and Shetland.[4] K-M9 is absent in Africa and is also very frequent among Japanese individuals (65.6%).[5]
The basal paragroup K* is exceptionally rare, although it has been reported at low frequencies in various parts of Eurasia, Oceania and Africa.[2]
The descendants of haplogroup K2 include:
- Haplogroup NO (K2a), the ancestor of Haplogroups N and O, and;
- Haplogroup K2b – the ancestor of Haplogroups M, P, Q, R, S.[6]
Structure
Haplogroup LT (K1). Widely distributed at low concentrations. Haplogroup L is found at its highest frequency in Pakistan, western India and among the Balochs of Afghanistan. T is most common among: Wodaabe Fulanis (Sahelian Africans), Ethiopians, in Somalia, Djibouti, some alpine regions of Europe, the Aegean Islands and a few populations in India | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
K2 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
K2b |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
K2c (P261). Minor lineage of Bali. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
K2d (P402). Minor lineage of Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
K2e (M147). Highly rare lineage; two cases in South Asia.[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ^ a b Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (May 2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Res. 18 (5): 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e International Society of Genetic Genealogy, 2015 Y-DNA Haplogroup K and its Subclades – 2015 (5 April 2015).
- ^ Chiaroni, J.; Underhill, P. A.; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (December 2009). "Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (48): 20174–9. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620174C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910803106. JSTOR 25593348. PMC 2787129. PMID 19920170.
- ^ David Faux. GENEALOGY-DNA-L Archives - Origins of R1a, Q and K in Scandanavia - Part 1
- ^ "Heterogeneity of the Y chromosome in Afro-Brazilian populations." Abe-Sandes K., Silva W.A. Jr., Zago M.A. Hum Biol. 2004 Feb;76(1):77-86.
- ^ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (May 2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5): 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Sudoyo H, Lansing JS, Hammer MF (June 2014). "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia". European Journal of Human Genetics. 23: 369–373. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.106. PMID 24896152.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Raghavan M, Skoglund P, Graf KE, et al. (January 2014). "Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans". Nature. 505 (7481): 87–91. doi:10.1038/nature12736. PMC 4105016. PMID 24256729.
- ^ Rasmussen M, Anzick SL, Waters MR, et al. (February 2014). "The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana". Nature. 506 (7487): 225–9. doi:10.1038/nature13025. PMID 24522598.
- ^ Hollard C, Keyser C, Giscard PH, et al. (September 2014). "Strong genetic admixture in the Altai at the Middle Bronze Age revealed by uniparental and ancestry informative markers". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 12: 199–207. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.05.012. PMID 25016250.
- ^ Fregel R, Gomes V, Gusmão L, et al. (2009). "Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9: 181. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-181. PMC 2728732. PMID 19650893.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Grugni V, Battaglia V, Hooshiar Kashani B, et al. (2012). "Ancient migratory events in the Middle East: new clues from the Y-chromosome variation of modern Iranians". PLOS ONE. 7 (7): e41252. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252. PMC 3399854. PMID 22815981.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, et al. (2012). "Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events". PloS One. 7 (3): e34288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288. PMC 3314501. PMID 22470552.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, et al. (2013). "Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775. PMC 3576335. PMID 23431392.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Rosser ZH, Zerjal T, Hurles ME, et al. (December 2000). "Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language". American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (6): 1526–43. doi:10.1086/316890. PMC 1287948. PMID 11078479.
- ^ Pichler I, Mueller JC, Stefanov SA, et al. (August 2006). "Genetic structure in contemporary south Tyrolean isolated populations revealed by analysis of Y-chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu polymorphisms". Human Biology. 78 (4): 441–64. doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0057. PMID 17278620.
- ^ Robino C, Varacalli S, Gino S, et al. (October 2004). "Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from continental Greece, and the islands of Crete and Chios". Forensic Science International. 145 (1): 61–4. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.026. PMID 15374596.
- ^ Trivedi, R.; Sahoo, Sanghamitra; Singh, Anamika; Bindu, G. Hima; Banerjee, Jheelam; Tandon, Manuj; Gaikwad, Sonali; Rajkumar, Revathi; Sitalaximi, T; Ashma, Richa; Chainy, G. B. N.; Kashyap, V. K. (2007). "High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y-Chromosomes Reveal the Genetic Signatures of Pleistocene Origin of Indian Populations" (PDF). Anthropology Today: Trends, Scope and Applications.
- ^ Hirbo, Jibril Boru (2011). Complex Genetic History of East African Human Populations (PhD Thesis). hdl:1903/11443.[page needed]
- ^ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513103016352[full citation needed]
- ^ Cruciani F, Trombetta B, Sellitto D, et al. (July 2010). "Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (7): 800–7. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.231. PMC 2987365. PMID 20051990.
- ^ yhrd.org[full citation needed]
- ^ Zhong, Hua; Shi, Hong; Qi, Xue-Bin; Duan, Zi-Yuan; Tan, Ping-Ping; Jin, Li; Su, Bing; Ma, Runlin Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
- ^ http://www.phylotree.org/Y/tree/index.htm[full citation needed]
- ^ Magoon, Gregory R; Banks, Raymond H; Rottensteiner, Christian; Schrack, Bonnie E; Tilroe, Vincent O; Robb, Terry; Grierson, Andrew J (2013). "Generation of high-resolution a priori Y-chromosome phylogenies using 'next-generation' sequencing data". bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/000802.
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpS.html