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== Autarchists == |
== Autarchists == |
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[[Robert LeFevre]], a "self-proclaimed autarchist"<ref name=grubbs>{{cite journal|last=Grubbs Jr. |first=K. E. |title=Book Review: Robert LeFevre: Truth Is Not a Half-way Place by Carl Watner|journal=[[The Freeman]]|volume=39|issue=6|date=June 1989 |publisher=[[Foundation for Economic Education]]|url=http://www.fee.org/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=2763}}</ref> recognized as such by [[Murray Rothbard]],<ref name=rothbard>Rothbard, Murray N. (2007). ''[https://mises.org/books/betrayal.pdf The Betrayal of the American Right]'', [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]], pg. 187. ISBN 978-1-933550-13-8</ref> distinguished autarchism from [[anarchy]], whose [[anarchist economics|economics]] he felt entailed interventions contrary to freedom, in contrast to his own ''[[laissez-faire]]'' economics of the [[Austrian School]].<ref name="anarchy">[http://fair-use.org/rampart-journal/1965/12/autarchy-versus-anarchy Autarchy vs Anarchy by Robert LeFevre] - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 1, No. 4 (Winter, 1965): 30–49</ref> In professing "a sparkling and shining [[individualism]]" while "it advocates some kind of procedure to interfere with the processes of a [[free market]]", anarchy seemed to LeFevre to be self-contradictory.<ref name="anarchy"/> He situated the fundamental premise of autarchy within the [[Stoicism]] of [[philosophers]] such as [[Zeno of Citium|Zeno]], [[Epicurus]] and [[Marcus Aurelius]], which he summarized in the credo, "Control yourself".<ref name="autarchy">[http://fair-use.org/rampart-journal/1966/06/autarchy Autarchy by Robert LeFevre] - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1966): 1–18</ref> Fusing these influences together, he arrived at the autarchist philosophy: "The Stoics provide the moral framework; the [[Epicureanism|Epicureans]], the motivation; the [[praxeology|praxeologists]], the methodology. I propose to call this package of ideological systems autarchy, because autarchy means self-rule."<ref name="autarchy"/> LeFevre stated that "the bridge between [[Lysander Spooner|Spooner]] and modern-day autarchists was constructed primarily by persons such as [[H. L. Mencken]], [[Albert Jay Nock]], and [[Mark Twain]]".<ref name="anarchy"/> |
[[Robert LeFevre]], a "self-proclaimed autarchist"<ref name=grubbs>{{cite journal|last=Grubbs Jr. |first=K. E. |title=Book Review: Robert LeFevre: Truth Is Not a Half-way Place by Carl Watner |journal=[[The Freeman]] |volume=39 |issue=6 |date=June 1989 |publisher=[[Foundation for Economic Education]] |url=http://www.fee.org/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=2763 }}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> recognized as such by [[Murray Rothbard]],<ref name=rothbard>Rothbard, Murray N. (2007). ''[https://mises.org/books/betrayal.pdf The Betrayal of the American Right]'', [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]], pg. 187. ISBN 978-1-933550-13-8</ref> distinguished autarchism from [[anarchy]], whose [[anarchist economics|economics]] he felt entailed interventions contrary to freedom, in contrast to his own ''[[laissez-faire]]'' economics of the [[Austrian School]].<ref name="anarchy">[http://fair-use.org/rampart-journal/1965/12/autarchy-versus-anarchy Autarchy vs Anarchy by Robert LeFevre] - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 1, No. 4 (Winter, 1965): 30–49</ref> In professing "a sparkling and shining [[individualism]]" while "it advocates some kind of procedure to interfere with the processes of a [[free market]]", anarchy seemed to LeFevre to be self-contradictory.<ref name="anarchy"/> He situated the fundamental premise of autarchy within the [[Stoicism]] of [[philosophers]] such as [[Zeno of Citium|Zeno]], [[Epicurus]] and [[Marcus Aurelius]], which he summarized in the credo, "Control yourself".<ref name="autarchy">[http://fair-use.org/rampart-journal/1966/06/autarchy Autarchy by Robert LeFevre] - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1966): 1–18</ref> Fusing these influences together, he arrived at the autarchist philosophy: "The Stoics provide the moral framework; the [[Epicureanism|Epicureans]], the motivation; the [[praxeology|praxeologists]], the methodology. I propose to call this package of ideological systems autarchy, because autarchy means self-rule."<ref name="autarchy"/> LeFevre stated that "the bridge between [[Lysander Spooner|Spooner]] and modern-day autarchists was constructed primarily by persons such as [[H. L. Mencken]], [[Albert Jay Nock]], and [[Mark Twain]]".<ref name="anarchy"/> |
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[[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], although he did not call himself an autarchist, is considered to have espoused autarchy. [[Philip Jenkins]] has stated that "Emersonian ideas stressed individual liberation, autarchy, self-sufficiency and self-government, and strenuously opposed social conformity.".<ref name=jenkins>{{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Philip|year=1995 |title=A History of the United States |location= |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=0-312-16361-4 |page=108}}</ref> [[Robert D. Richardson]] stated that the anarchy Emerson had in mind "would be 'autarchy', rule by self".<ref name=richardson>{{cite book |last=Richardson, Jr. |first=Robert D|year=1997 |title=Emerson: The Mind on Fire |location= |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-20689-4 |page=535}}</ref> |
[[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], although he did not call himself an autarchist, is considered to have espoused autarchy. [[Philip Jenkins]] has stated that "Emersonian ideas stressed individual liberation, autarchy, self-sufficiency and self-government, and strenuously opposed social conformity.".<ref name=jenkins>{{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Philip|year=1995 |title=A History of the United States |location= |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=0-312-16361-4 |page=108}}</ref> [[Robert D. Richardson]] stated that the anarchy Emerson had in mind "would be 'autarchy', rule by self".<ref name=richardson>{{cite book |last=Richardson, Jr. |first=Robert D|year=1997 |title=Emerson: The Mind on Fire |location= |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-20689-4 |page=535}}</ref> |
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The essay "Autarchy, or, the art of self government," published in 1691 in [[London]] and listing the author as "G.B.," is attributed to George Burghope by ''NUC'' and to both Burghope and George Bright by [[Donald Goddard Wing]].<ref>[https://catalog.library.jhu.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=12835570HQO95.27926&profile=general&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!1515132~!1&ri=2&aspect=advanced&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=George+Burghope+&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=advanced&menu=search&ri=2 Johns Hopkins University Libraries Catalog], text available by request from microfilm. For more on attribution-source information on the JHULC page: "NUC pre-1956 Imprints," see ''[[National Union Catalog]]''; Wing see ([http://eebo.chadwyck.com/about/about.htm#wing Bibliographer Donald Wing (1904-1972)] from "About Early English Books II, 1641-1700 (STC II, Wing)"] Section "Wing." An Early English Books Online (EEBO) [[FAQ]]. Retrieved 2010-09-03.</ref> |
The essay "Autarchy, or, the art of self government," published in 1691 in [[London]] and listing the author as "G.B.," is attributed to George Burghope by ''NUC'' and to both Burghope and George Bright by [[Donald Goddard Wing]].<ref>[https://catalog.library.jhu.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=12835570HQO95.27926&profile=general&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!1515132~!1&ri=2&aspect=advanced&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=George+Burghope+&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=advanced&menu=search&ri=2 Johns Hopkins University Libraries Catalog]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, text available by request from microfilm. For more on attribution-source information on the JHULC page: "NUC pre-1956 Imprints," see ''[[National Union Catalog]]''; Wing see ([http://eebo.chadwyck.com/about/about.htm#wing Bibliographer Donald Wing (1904-1972)] from "About Early English Books II, 1641-1700 (STC II, Wing)"] Section "Wing." An Early English Books Online (EEBO) [[FAQ]]. Retrieved 2010-09-03.</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [http://members.aol.com/xeqtr1/voluntaryist/nomahg.html The Nature of Man and His Government by Robert LeFevre] - an introduction by [[Rose Wilder Lane]] (1959). |
* [http://members.aol.com/xeqtr1/voluntaryist/nomahg.html The Nature of Man and His Government by Robert LeFevre] - an introduction by [[Rose Wilder Lane]] (1959). |
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* [http://fair-use.org/rampart-journal/1966/06/on-the-other-hand On the Other Hand by Robert LeFevre] - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1966): 83–88 |
* [http://fair-use.org/rampart-journal/1966/06/on-the-other-hand On the Other Hand by Robert LeFevre] - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1966): 83–88 |
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* [http://www.fee.org/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=2317 Self-Government by Donald J. Boudreaux] - The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty - September 2000 Vol. 50 No. 9 |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071109070113/http://www.fee.org:80/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=2317 Self-Government by Donald J. Boudreaux] - The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty - September 2000 Vol. 50 No. 9 |
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* [http://centerforselfrule.org The Center For Self Rule] - Educational organization advocating Autarchism |
* [http://centerforselfrule.org The Center For Self Rule] - Educational organization advocating Autarchism |
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Revision as of 04:06, 22 October 2016
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Autarchism (from Greek, "belief in self rule") is a political philosophy that upholds the principle of individual liberty, rejects compulsory government, and supports the elimination of government in favor of ruling oneself and no other. Advocates of the philosophy are autarchists (from Greek, "one who believes in self rule"), while the state in which everyone rules themselves and no one else is called autarchy (from Greek αὐταρχία autarchia, "state of self rule").[citation needed]
Autarchists
Robert LeFevre, a "self-proclaimed autarchist"[1] recognized as such by Murray Rothbard,[2] distinguished autarchism from anarchy, whose economics he felt entailed interventions contrary to freedom, in contrast to his own laissez-faire economics of the Austrian School.[3] In professing "a sparkling and shining individualism" while "it advocates some kind of procedure to interfere with the processes of a free market", anarchy seemed to LeFevre to be self-contradictory.[3] He situated the fundamental premise of autarchy within the Stoicism of philosophers such as Zeno, Epicurus and Marcus Aurelius, which he summarized in the credo, "Control yourself".[4] Fusing these influences together, he arrived at the autarchist philosophy: "The Stoics provide the moral framework; the Epicureans, the motivation; the praxeologists, the methodology. I propose to call this package of ideological systems autarchy, because autarchy means self-rule."[4] LeFevre stated that "the bridge between Spooner and modern-day autarchists was constructed primarily by persons such as H. L. Mencken, Albert Jay Nock, and Mark Twain".[3]
Ralph Waldo Emerson, although he did not call himself an autarchist, is considered to have espoused autarchy. Philip Jenkins has stated that "Emersonian ideas stressed individual liberation, autarchy, self-sufficiency and self-government, and strenuously opposed social conformity.".[5] Robert D. Richardson stated that the anarchy Emerson had in mind "would be 'autarchy', rule by self".[6]
The essay "Autarchy, or, the art of self government," published in 1691 in London and listing the author as "G.B.," is attributed to George Burghope by NUC and to both Burghope and George Bright by Donald Goddard Wing.[7]
See also
- Autocracy
- Individualism
- Libertarianism
- Rational anarchism
- Individualist anarchism
- Anarcho-capitalism
References
- ^ Grubbs Jr., K. E. (June 1989). "Book Review: Robert LeFevre: Truth Is Not a Half-way Place by Carl Watner". The Freeman. 39 (6). Foundation for Economic Education.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Rothbard, Murray N. (2007). The Betrayal of the American Right, Ludwig von Mises Institute, pg. 187. ISBN 978-1-933550-13-8
- ^ a b c Autarchy vs Anarchy by Robert LeFevre - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 1, No. 4 (Winter, 1965): 30–49
- ^ a b Autarchy by Robert LeFevre - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1966): 1–18
- ^ Jenkins, Philip (1995). A History of the United States. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 108. ISBN 0-312-16361-4.
- ^ Richardson, Jr., Robert D (1997). Emerson: The Mind on Fire. University of California Press. p. 535. ISBN 0-520-20689-4.
- ^ Johns Hopkins University Libraries Catalog[permanent dead link], text available by request from microfilm. For more on attribution-source information on the JHULC page: "NUC pre-1956 Imprints," see National Union Catalog; Wing see (Bibliographer Donald Wing (1904-1972) from "About Early English Books II, 1641-1700 (STC II, Wing)"] Section "Wing." An Early English Books Online (EEBO) FAQ. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
External links
Look up autarchy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Politics by Ralph Waldo Emerson - In it, he advocates the practice of self-government as the most rightful way to organize individuals in society (1844).
- The Nature of Man and His Government by Robert LeFevre - an introduction by Rose Wilder Lane (1959).
- On the Other Hand by Robert LeFevre - Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1966): 83–88
- Self-Government by Donald J. Boudreaux - The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty - September 2000 Vol. 50 No. 9
- The Center For Self Rule - Educational organization advocating Autarchism