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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Galle was known as ''Gimhathitha'', in ancient times and the term is believed to be derived from the classical [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]] term meaning "port near the river Gin". It is believed that the town got its name as ''Gaalla'' in the native tongue as a result of the large number of bullock carts that took shelter in the area, following the long slow journeys from remote areas of the island. "''Gaala''" in Sinhala means the place where cattle are herded together and hence the Sinhalese name for Galle, ගාල්ල is a development from ‘Gaala’.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mysrilankaholidays.com/galle-dutch-fort.html|title=VOC Galle Dutch Fort, South Coast, Sri Lanka (A World Heritage Site)|publisher=My Sri Lanka Holidays|accessdate=30 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://discover.lankanest.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=100&Itemid=71.html/|title=Galle and Galle Fort.|publisher=Discover Sri Lanka|date=9 March 2008|accessdate=30 September 2013|author=Lanka Nest}}</ref> Another theory is that the word Galle is derived from the Dutch word ‘Gallus’ which means [[rooster]]. The Dutch have also used the rooster as a symbol of Galle.
Galle was known as ''Gimhathitha'', in ancient times and the term is believed to be derived from the classical [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]] term meaning "port near the river Gin". It is believed that the town got its name as ''Gaalla'' in the native tongue as a result of the large number of bullock carts that took shelter in the area, following the long slow journeys from remote areas of the island. "''Gaala''" in Sinhala means the place where cattle are herded together and hence the Sinhalese name for Galle, ගාල්ල is a development from ‘Gaala’.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mysrilankaholidays.com/galle-dutch-fort.html|title=VOC Galle Dutch Fort, South Coast, Sri Lanka (A World Heritage Site)|publisher=My Sri Lanka Holidays|accessdate=30 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://discover.lankanest.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=100&Itemid=71.html/ |title=Galle and Galle Fort. |publisher=Discover Sri Lanka |date=9 March 2008 |accessdate=30 September 2013 |author=Lanka Nest |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003141427/http://discover.lankanest.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=100&Itemid=71.html/ |archivedate=3 October 2013 |df= }}</ref> Another theory is that the word Galle is derived from the Dutch word ‘Gallus’ which means [[rooster]]. The Dutch have also used the rooster as a symbol of Galle.


== History ==
== History ==
Line 195: Line 195:


===Wards===
===Wards===
Galle has 15 [[Wards of Sri Lanka|wards]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Administrations|url=http://www.galle.mc.gov.lk/en/Administrations/Administrations.php|website=Galle Municipal Council|accessdate=7 December 2014}}</ref>
Galle has 15 [[Wards of Sri Lanka|wards]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Administrations |url=http://www.galle.mc.gov.lk/en/Administrations/Administrations.php |website=Galle Municipal Council |accessdate=7 December 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110101801/http://galle.mc.gov.lk/en/Administrations/Administrations.php |archivedate=10 January 2015 |df= }}</ref>


{{colbegin||18em}}
{{colbegin||18em}}
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File:Galle Dutch Reformed church (1).jpg|Dutch Reformed Church [[Groote Kerk, Galle|(Groote Kerk)]] in Galle fort
File:Galle Dutch Reformed church (1).jpg|Dutch Reformed Church [[Groote Kerk, Galle|(Groote Kerk)]] in Galle fort
File:Galle Museum.jpg|[[National Museum of Galle|National Museum in Galle fort]]
File:Galle Museum.jpg|[[National Museum of Galle|National Museum in Galle fort]]
File:View near Point-De-Galle, Ceylon (IV, August 1847, p.84) - Copy.jpg|View near Point-De-Galle, Ceylon (1847)<ref name=Offering1847>{{cite journal|title=View near Point-De-Galle, Ceylon|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=August 1847|volume=IV|page=84|url=https://books.google.com.com/books?id=S1wEAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref>
File:View near Point-De-Galle, Ceylon (IV, August 1847, p.84) - Copy.jpg|View near Point-De-Galle, Ceylon (1847)<ref name=Offering1847>{{cite journal|title=View near Point-De-Galle, Ceylon |journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering |date=August 1847 |volume=IV |page=84 |url=https://books.google.com.com/books?id=S1wEAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=17 November 2015 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
</gallery>
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Revision as of 12:06, 7 January 2017

For other uses, see Galle (disambiguation).
Galle
ගාල්ල
காலி
City
City of Galle
Clockwise from top left: Galle Temple, Aerial view of Galle Fort, Interior of the Galle Fort, St. Aloysius College, Galle View of the Galle International Stadium from the Fort, Dutch Reformed Church of Galle, Galle Municipal Council
Clockwise from top left: Galle Temple, Aerial view of Galle Fort, Interior of the Galle Fort, St. Aloysius College, Galle View of the Galle International Stadium from the Fort, Dutch Reformed Church of Galle, Galle Municipal Council
CountrySri Lanka
ProvinceSouthern Province
Government
 • TypeGalle Municipal Council
 • MayorMethsiri De Silva
 • HeadquartersGalle Town Hall
Area
 • Total16.52 km2 (6.38 sq mi)
Elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total99,478
 • Density5,712/km2 (14,790/sq mi)
DemonymGalleans
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (Sri Lanka Standard Time Zone)
Area code091
Websitegalle.mc.gov.lk
Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications
UNESCO World Heritage Site
LocationSri Lanka
CriteriaCultural: iv
Reference451
Inscription1988 (12th Session)

Galle (Sinhala: ගාල්ල; Tamil: காலி) is a major city in Sri Lanka, situated on the southwestern tip, 119 km from Colombo. Galle is the administrative capital of Southern Province, Sri Lanka and is the district capital of Galle District.

Galle was known as Gimhathiththa[1](although Ibn Batuta in the 14th century refers to it as Qali[2]) before the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century, when it was the main port on the island. Galle reached the height of its development in the 18th century, during the Dutch colonial period. Galle is the best example of a fortified city built by the Portuguese in South and Southeast Asia, showing the interaction between Portuguese architectural styles and native traditions. The city was extensively fortified by the Dutch during the 17th century from 1649 onwards. The Galle fort is a world heritage site and is the largest remaining fortress in Asia built by European occupiers.

Other prominent landmarks in Galle include the city's natural harbor, the National Maritime Museum, St. Mary's Cathedral founded by Jesuit priests, one of the main Shiva temples on the island, and Amangalla the historic luxury hotel. On 26 December 2004 the city was devastated by the massive Tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake that occurred a thousand miles away, off the coast of Indonesia. Thousands were killed in the city alone. Galle is home to a cricket ground, the Galle International Stadium which is considered to be one of the most picturesque cricket grounds in the world.[3] The ground which was severely damaged by the tsunami, was rebuilt and test matches resumed there on December 18, 2007.

Important natural geographical features in Galle include Rumassala in Unawatuna, a large mound-like hill, which forms the eastern protective barrier to the Galle harbour. Local tradition associates this hill with some events of Ramayana, one of the great Hindu epics. The major river in the area is the Gin River (Gin Ganga), which begins from Gongala Kanda and passes villages such as Neluwa, Nagoda, Baddegama, Thelikada and Wakwella, reaches the sea at Ginthota. The river is bridged at Wakwella by the Wakwella Bridge.

Etymology

Galle was known as Gimhathitha, in ancient times and the term is believed to be derived from the classical Sinhalese term meaning "port near the river Gin". It is believed that the town got its name as Gaalla in the native tongue as a result of the large number of bullock carts that took shelter in the area, following the long slow journeys from remote areas of the island. "Gaala" in Sinhala means the place where cattle are herded together and hence the Sinhalese name for Galle, ගාල්ල is a development from ‘Gaala’.[4][5] Another theory is that the word Galle is derived from the Dutch word ‘Gallus’ which means rooster. The Dutch have also used the rooster as a symbol of Galle.

History

The port of Galle in 1754

According to James Emerson Tennent, Galle was the ancient seaport of Tarshish, from which King Solomon drew ivory, peacocks and other valuables. Cinnamon was exported from Sri Lanka as early as 1400 BC and the root of the word itself is Hebrew, so Galle may have been a main entrepot for the spice.[6]

Galle had been a prominent seaport long before western rule in the country. Persians, Arabs, Greeks, Romans, Malays, Indians, and Chinese were doing business through Galle port. In 1411, the Galle Trilingual Inscription, a stone tablet inscription in three languages, Chinese, Tamil and Persian, was erected in Galle to commemorate the second visit to Sri Lanka by the Chinese admiral Zheng He.

The "modern" history of Galle starts in 1502, when a small fleet of Portuguese ships, under the command of Lourenço de Almeida, on their way to the Maldives, were blown off course by a storm. Realising that the king resided in Kotte close to Colombo Lourenço proceeded there after a brief stop in Galle.

In 1640, the Portuguese had to surrender to the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch built the present fort in the year 1663. They built a fortified wall, using solid granite, and built three bastions, known as "Sun", "Moon" and "Star".

After the British took over the country from the Dutch in the year 1796, they preserved the Fort unchanged, and used it as the administrative centre of the district.

Climate

Galle features a tropical rainforest climate. The city has no true dry season, though it is noticeably drier in the months of January and February. As is commonplace with many cities with this type of climate, temperatures show little variation throughout the course of the year, with average temperatures hovering at around 26 degrees Celsius throughout.

Climate data for Galle
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.9
(94.8) 		34.6
(94.3) 		36.4
(97.5) 		35.5
(95.9) 		35.3
(95.5) 		32.6
(90.7) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.2
(88.2) 		33.1
(91.6) 		33.4
(92.1) 		33.5
(92.3) 		36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.0
(84.2) 		29.0
(84.2) 		29.9
(85.8) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.6
(87.1) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.0
(84.2) 		28.6
(83.5) 		28.4
(83.1) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.7
(83.7) 		29.1
(84.4) 		29.3
(84.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22.8
(73.0) 		23.0
(73.4) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.8
(76.6) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.1
(75.4) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.1
(73.6) 		24.2
(75.6)
Record low °C (°F) 18.7
(65.7) 		19.4
(66.9) 		17.1
(62.8) 		18.2
(64.8) 		17.1
(62.8) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.4
(68.7) 		20.7
(69.3) 		18.1
(64.6) 		18.9
(66.0) 		17.1
(62.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 85.1
(3.35) 		70.5
(2.78) 		111.3
(4.38) 		206.8
(8.14) 		290.4
(11.43) 		188.2
(7.41) 		163.2
(6.43) 		185.9
(7.32) 		255.8
(10.07) 		322.7
(12.70) 		321.0
(12.64) 		176.9
(6.96) 		2,377.8
(93.61)
Average rainy days 8 6 9 12 16 17 16 16 18 18 16 12 164
Source 1: World Meteorological Organisation[7]
Source 2: Department of Meteorology (records up to 2007)[8]

Cityscape

File:GalleAerialView.jpg
Aerial view of Galle fort and the wider city. The Fort one of the wards of Galle.

Wards

Galle has 15 wards:[9]

Governance

The Galle Municipal Council governs the City of Galle, established under the Municipalities Ordinance of 1865. It was at the time, only the 3rd municipal council in the country. The first mayor of the city was appointed in 1939 in the person of Wijeyananda Dahanayake, who later went on to become the fifth Prime Minister of Ceylon.

Last appointed mayor was [1] Methsiri de silva since 2009 to 2016 and now Government has been dissolved the Galle administration. Galle city present admin by commissioner. The main vision of the city is "Building of moderate city through the supply of relatively increased utility services to the citizens who pay taxes to the Galle Municipal Council ". The other vision is to brand Galle as "Green City-Green Galle" to create and promote Galle as one of Sri Lanka's cool and healthy coastal cities with a clean green canopy.[10]

Demographics

Galle is a sizeable city, by Sri Lankan standards, and has a population of 91 000, the majority of whom are of Sinhalese ethnicity. There is also a large Sri Lankan Moor minority, particularly in the fort area, who descend from Arab merchants that settled in the ancient port of Galle. Galle is also notable for its foreign population, both residents and owners of holiday homes.

Ethnicity in Galle (2001)
Population Percent
Sinhalese
 
 72.70%
Muslims
 
 25.55%
Tamils
 
 1.37%
Others
 
 0.38%
Ethnicity Population[11] % Of Total
Sinhalese 66,114 72.70
Sri Lankan Moors 23,234 25.55
Sri Lankan Tamils 989 1.09
Indian Tamils 255 0.28
Other (including Burgher, Malay) 342 0.38
Total 90,934 100

Education

Schools

Main article: List of schools in Sri Lanka

Galle is home to some of the oldest leading schools in Sri Lanka: 29 government schools and 5 international schools being part of the city's system. Some of the schools situated in Galle city are listed below.

School Date of Establishment
All Saints College 1867
Anula Devi Balika Vidyalaya 1941
British College Sri Lanka
Ceylinco Sussex College
Galle International College
Kingston International School
Leeds International School
Mahinda College 1892
Malharus Sulhiya National College
Muslim Ladies College
Olcott Maha Vidyalaya Galle 1937
Richmond College 1814
Rippon Girls' College 1817
Sacred Heart Convent 1896
St. Aloysius' College 1895
Sanghamitta Girls College 1919
Siridhamma College 1995
Southlands College 1842
Thomas Gall International School 2006
Vidyaloka College 1941

Universities

Faculty of Engineering, Galle

Two main faculties of the University of Ruhuna are located in Galle. The Faculty of Engineering is located at Hapugala about 6 km from the city center. The faculty of Medicine is located at Karapitiya near the Karapitiya Teaching Hospital. The Medical faculty is also located at about 5 km from the city center.The Division of Allied Health Sciences of the University of Ruhuna is located in Mahamodara in the city limits. A study centre of the Open University of Sri Lanka is also located in Galle at Labuduwa junction.

  • Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna
  • Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna
  • Division of Allied Health Sciences,University of Ruhuna
  • Study Centre, Open University of Sri Lanka
  • Advanced Technological Institute labuduwa

Higher Education Institutes

Advanced Technological Institute, Labuduwa
NIBM, Galle

Advanced Technological Institute in Labuduwa, Galle was started in year 2000 and it was planned to offer Higher National Diploma in Information Technology and Higher National Diploma in Agriculture Technology - HNDT (Agri). Since then Labuduwa ATI has been a pioneer in technological education in Sri Lanka. National Institute of Business Management in Galle was established in 2010 to provide higher education opportunities in the fields of Information Technology and Business Management.The Ruhunu National College of Education which is under the Ministry of Education for novice teachers training for government schools in Kurunduwatta,Galle.And also the Amarasooriya Teachers Training College for government school teachers is in Unawatuna,Galle.

  • Advanced Technological Institute (ATI)
  • National Institute of Business Management (NIBM)
  • Ruhunu National College of Education
  • Amarasooriya Teachers Training College
  • Merchantile Seaman Training Institute(MSTI)

Transport

Southern Expressway
Galle Railway Station

Galle is served by Sri Lanka Railways' Coastal Line and is connected by rail to Colombo and Matara. Galle Railway Station is a major station on the line, and serve as the meeting point of the west-coast and south-coast segments of the line.[12] The A2 highway, which is commonly known as the Galle Road runs through the city and connects Galle to Colombo by the west-coast portion, and to Hambanthota by the south-coast portion. The Southern Expressway, Sri Lanka's first E Class highway links the Sri Lankan capital Colombo with Galle and currently reduces the time spent for travel to one hour from the three hours taken by the regular A2 highway.

Twin city

The City of Galle is twinned with:

Country City State / Region Since
 Netherlands Velsen North Holland 1988

See also

References

  1. ^ Terraroli, Valerio (Ed) (2002). Archaeological Sites and Urban Centres: Treasury of world culture (Volume 1 of World Heritage Series) (1st ed.). Skira Editore/UNESCO. ISBN 978-88-8491-393-7.
  2. ^ "Medieval Traveller Ibn Battuta was a Guest of the Jaffna King in 1344". Ilankai Tamil Sangam. 2006.
  3. ^ "Pitching it Up: The Galle International Stadium". World Cricket Watch. 2011.
  4. ^ "VOC Galle Dutch Fort, South Coast, Sri Lanka (A World Heritage Site)". My Sri Lanka Holidays. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  5. ^ Lanka Nest (9 March 2008). "Galle and Galle Fort". Discover Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ District Disaster Management Coordinating Unit- Galle. "Psychosocial Forum District Data Mapping: Galle" (PDF). Psychosocial Forum District Data Mapping: Galle. Department of Social Services: Galle. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  7. ^ "World Weather Information Service — Galle". World Meteorological Organisation. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  8. ^ "Ever Recorded Daily Extreme Values" (PDF). Department of Meteorology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  9. ^ "Administrations". Galle Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Galle Green
  11. ^ "Population by Ethnicity according to D.S. Division and Sector: Galle District (Provisional)". Census of Population Housing 2001. Department of Census and Statistics. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2013-01-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Colombo - Galle - Matara by rail". Colombofort.com. 2011.
  13. ^ "View near Point-De-Galle, Ceylon". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. IV: 84. August 1847. Retrieved 17 November 2015.[permanent dead link]
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