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[[File:Kh-35E maq maks2009.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Kh-35E maq maks2009.jpg|thumb]]


The Kh-35 missile is a subsonic weapon featuring a normal aerodynamic configuration with cruciform wings and fins and a semisubmerged air duct intake. The propulsion unit is a [[turbofan]] engine. The missile is guided to its target at the final leg of the trajectory by commands fed from the [[active radar homing]] head and the [[radio altimeter]].<ref name="Rosoboronexport" >{{citation | title=AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue | url=http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf | publisher=Rosoboronexport State Corporation | last=Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service|page=123}}</ref>
The Kh-35 missile is a subsonic weapon featuring a normal aerodynamic configuration with cruciform wings and fins and a semisubmerged air duct intake. The propulsion unit is a [[turbofan]] engine. The missile is guided to its target at the final leg of the trajectory by commands fed from the [[active radar homing]] head and the [[radio altimeter]].<ref name="Rosoboronexport">{{citation|title=AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue |url=http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |publisher=Rosoboronexport State Corporation |last=Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service |page=123 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


Target designation data can be introduced into the missile from the launch aircraft or ship or external sources. Flight mission data is inserted into the missile control system after input of target coordinates. An [[inertial]] system controls the missile in flight, stabilizes it at an assigned altitude and brings it to a target location area. At a certain target range, the homing head is switched on to search for, lock on and track the target. The inertial control system then turns the missile toward the target and changes its flight altitude to an extremely low one. At this altitude, the missile continues the process of homing by the data fed from the homing head and the inertial control system until a hit is obtained.
Target designation data can be introduced into the missile from the launch aircraft or ship or external sources. Flight mission data is inserted into the missile control system after input of target coordinates. An [[inertial]] system controls the missile in flight, stabilizes it at an assigned altitude and brings it to a target location area. At a certain target range, the homing head is switched on to search for, lock on and track the target. The inertial control system then turns the missile toward the target and changes its flight altitude to an extremely low one. At this altitude, the missile continues the process of homing by the data fed from the homing head and the inertial control system until a hit is obtained.
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*'''Kh-35V''' - Version for Russia, launched from a helicopter.
*'''Kh-35V''' - Version for Russia, launched from a helicopter.
*'''3M-24EMV''' - Export version of Kh-35 missile-target without warhead for Vietnam.
*'''3M-24EMV''' - Export version of Kh-35 missile-target without warhead for Vietnam.
* '''Kh-35 ''Uran/Uran-E''''' (SS-N-25 'Switchblade', 3M-24) - Shipborne equipment of the control system with a missile Kh-35/Kh-35E.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/uran/index.shtml |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911014416/http://www.granit-electron.ru:80/products/mil/complex/uran/index.shtml |archivedate=2012-09-11 |df= }}</ref>
* '''Kh-35 ''Uran/Uran-E''''' (SS-N-25 'Switchblade', 3M-24) - Shipborne equipment of the control system with a missile Kh-35/Kh-35E.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/uran/index.shtml |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911014416/http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/uran/index.shtml |archivedate=2012-09-11 |df= }}</ref>
* '''Bal/Bal-E''' - Coastal ('''SSC-6 Sennight''') missile complex with Kh-35/Kh-35E missiles (2008).
* '''Bal/Bal-E''' - Coastal ('''SSC-6 Sennight''') missile complex with Kh-35/Kh-35E missiles (2008).
* '''KN-09''' - Reported North Korean copy of the Kh-35U.
* '''KN-09''' - Reported North Korean copy of the Kh-35U.
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*{{IRI}}
*{{IRI}}
*{{RUS}} - 112 Kh-35 (3M-24) delivered in 2009-2010.<ref name=AnnualReport>Annual report Tactical Missiles Corporation 2010.p. 92</ref>
*{{RUS}} - 112 Kh-35 (3M-24) delivered in 2009-2010.<ref name=AnnualReport>Annual report Tactical Missiles Corporation 2010.p. 92</ref>
**As of October 2016 the Russian Navy has deployed 4 Bal units, each of 16 mobile launch systems:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/1273606.html|title=Береговой ракетный комплекс "Бал" поступил на Тихоокеанский флот|publisher=|accessdate=8 October 2015}}</ref>
**As of October 2016 the Russian Navy has deployed 4 Bal units, each of 16 mobile launch systems:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/1273606.html |title=Береговой ракетный комплекс "Бал" поступил на Тихоокеанский флот |publisher= |accessdate=8 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116080133/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/1273606.html |archivedate=16 January 2016 |df= }}</ref>
**As part of the 11th Black Sea Fleet Brigade, Utash, Krasnodar
**As part of the 11th Black Sea Fleet Brigade, Utash, Krasnodar
**As part of the 46th Separate Division of the Caspian Flotilla, Dagestan
**As part of the 46th Separate Division of the Caspian Flotilla, Dagestan

Revision as of 21:35, 5 April 2017

Kh-35
(NATO reporting name: AS-20 'Kayak')
3M24 Uran (SS-N-25 'Switchblade')
3K60 Bal (SSC-6 'Sennight')
Kh-35E in MAKS-2009
Typeair-to-surface, surface-to-surface missile
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service2003
Used byRussian Navy
Indian Navy
Vietnamese People's Navy
Production history
DesignerZvezda
Designed1983-2003
ManufacturerTactical Missiles Corporation
Unit cost$500,000 (2010)[1]
Produced1996 for export, 2003 for Russia
Specifications
Mass520 kg (1,150 lb)[2]
610 kg (1,340 lb)[2] (heli version)
Length385 cm (152 in)[2]
440 cm (173 in)[2] (heli version)
Diameter42.0 cm (16.5 in)[2]
Wingspan133 cm (52.4 in)[2]
WarheadHE shaped charge
Warhead weight145 kg (320 lb)[2]
Engineturbofan
450 kgf
Propellantkerosene
Operational
range
130 km (70 nmi)
300 km (160 nmi) (2015)[3]
Flight altitude10-15 m en route and about 4 m at terminal area
Maximum speed Mach 0.8 (609 mph; 980 km/h)
Guidance
system
inertial guidance and ARGS-35E X-band terminal active radar homing[4]
Launch
platform
Su-24, MiG-29M/K, Su-27SM, Su-30MKI, Su-34, HAL Tejas, Ka-27, Ka-28,[2] also ships and boats, coastal, LACM, TEL variants.

The Zvezda Kh-35U ('Star', Russian: Х-35У, AS-20 'Kayak') is the jet-launched version of a Russian subsonic anti-ship missile. The same missile can also be launched from helicopters, surface ships and coastal defence batteries with the help of a rocket booster, in which case it is known as Uran ('Uranus', SS-N-25 'Switchblade', GRAU 3M24) or Bal ('Ball', SSC-6 'Sennight', GRAU 3K60). It is also nicknamed "Harpoonski", because it looks like and functions very similar to the American Harpoon Anti-Ship missile. It is designed to attack vessels up to 5000 tonnes.[2]

Development

Zvezda started work on the Kh-35 in 1983 by a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers and the USSR CPSU Central Committee to arm ships of medium tonnage.

Design

The Kh-35 missile is a subsonic weapon featuring a normal aerodynamic configuration with cruciform wings and fins and a semisubmerged air duct intake. The propulsion unit is a turbofan engine. The missile is guided to its target at the final leg of the trajectory by commands fed from the active radar homing head and the radio altimeter.[2]

Target designation data can be introduced into the missile from the launch aircraft or ship or external sources. Flight mission data is inserted into the missile control system after input of target coordinates. An inertial system controls the missile in flight, stabilizes it at an assigned altitude and brings it to a target location area. At a certain target range, the homing head is switched on to search for, lock on and track the target. The inertial control system then turns the missile toward the target and changes its flight altitude to an extremely low one. At this altitude, the missile continues the process of homing by the data fed from the homing head and the inertial control system until a hit is obtained.

The Kh-35 can be employed in fair and adverse weather conditions at sea states up to 5-6, by day and night, under enemy fire and electronic countermeasures. Its aerodynamic configuration is optimized for high subsonic-speed sea-skimming flight to ensure stealthy characteristics of the missile. The missile has low signatures thanks to its small dimensions, sea-skimming capability and a special guidance algorithm ensuring highly secure operational modes of the active radar seeker.

Its ARGS-35E active radar seeker operates in both single-and-multiple missile launch modes, acquiring and locking on targets at a maximum range of up to 20 km.[5] A new radar seeker, Gran-KE have been developed by SPE Radar MMS[6] and will be replacing the existing ARGS-35E X band seeker.[7]

[5][8] Kh-35 Kh-35U
Length: Ship/Land/Heliborne
Aircraft
4.4 m (14 ft)
3.85 m (12.6 ft)
Diameter
0.42 m (17 in)
Wingspan
1.33 m (4.4 ft)
Weight: Ship/Land-based
Aircraft
Heliborne 		620 kg (1,370 lb)
520 kg (1,150 lb)
610 kg (1,340 lb) 		670 kg (1,480 lb)
550 kg (1,210 lb)
650 kg (1,430 lb)
Guidance Inertial, active radar Inertial, satellite navigation, active/passive radar
Range 130 km (81 mi; 70 nmi) 7–260 km (4–162 mi; 4–140 nmi)
Seeker range 20 km (12 mi; 11 nmi) 50 km (31 mi; 27 nmi)
Speed Mach 0.8 (609 mph; 980 km/h) Mach 0.8 – Mach 0.85 (609–647 mph; 980–1,041 km/h)
Cruising altitude
Terminal altitude
10–15 m
4 m
Warhead 145 kg (320 lb) HE penetrator 145 kg (320 lb) penetrating HE frag

Operational history

The Kh-35 missile entered service in 2003. In July 2003, the system created by the "Tactical Missiles Corporation" successfully passed the state tests and began to come into service of ships of the Russian Navy. Today it is generally accepted[by whom?] that in the criterion of "cost-effectiveness", "Uran-E" is one of the best systems in the world.[9] It has also been acquired by India.[10] The Bal coastal missile system in the fall of 2004 showed excellent results in the state tests and entered service in 2008.[11] A Bal system has four self-propelled launcher vehicles each carrying eight missiles for a total of 32 missiles in a salvo, plus reloads for another wave. The launchers can be up to 10 km from the coast and hit targets at ranges up to 120 km (75 mi; 65 nmi).[12] In 2015, plans were announced to equip the Bal system with an upgraded version of the Kh-35E to increase range to 300 km (190 mi; 160 nmi).[13] From 2001-2015, Russia supplied Vietnam with 198 Kh-35E missiles for sea-based use. By June 2016, Vietnam was planning to start serial production of their indigenous KCT-15 anti-ship missile based on the Kh-35E, covering three types of Kh-35E missiles for sea-launched, air-launched, and coastal defense as part of the 3K60 Bal/SSC-6 Sennight mobile coastal defense system.[14]

Variants

Bal - coastal mobile missile complex
  • Kh-35 (3M-24) - Base naval version for Russia (2003).[5]
  • Kh-35E (3M-24E) - Export version of Kh-35 (1996).
  • Kh-35U - Base upgrade unified missile (can be used with any carrier), version for Russia in production (as of July 1, 2015).[8][15]
  • Kh-35UE - Export version of Kh-35U, in production.
  • Kh-35V - Version for Russia, launched from a helicopter.
  • 3M-24EMV - Export version of Kh-35 missile-target without warhead for Vietnam.
  • Kh-35 Uran/Uran-E (SS-N-25 'Switchblade', 3M-24) - Shipborne equipment of the control system with a missile Kh-35/Kh-35E.[16]
  • Bal/Bal-E - Coastal (SSC-6 Sennight) missile complex with Kh-35/Kh-35E missiles (2008).
  • KN-09 - Reported North Korean copy of the Kh-35U.
  • Kh-37 or Kh-39 - possible name for nuclear-tipped variant.
  • KCT-15 - License-produced Kh-35E by Vietnam.[14]

Operators

Map with Kh-35 operators in blue

Current operators

  •  Algeria
  •  Azerbaijan - Bal Coastal missile complex being delivered
  •  India
  •  Iran
  •  Russia - 112 Kh-35 (3M-24) delivered in 2009-2010.[17]
    • As of October 2016 the Russian Navy has deployed 4 Bal units, each of 16 mobile launch systems:[18]
    • As part of the 11th Black Sea Fleet Brigade, Utash, Krasnodar
    • As part of the 46th Separate Division of the Caspian Flotilla, Dagestan
    • As part of the 15th Black Sea Fleet Brigade, Sevastopol, Crimea
    • As part of the 72nd Pacific Fleet Regiment, Smolyaninovo, Primorsky Krai.
    • At least one more complex was delivered to the Western Military District in mid-2016.[19]
  •  Venezuela - Bal Coastal missile complex being delivered.
  •  Vietnam
  •  Myanmar Navy
  •  North Korea - KN-09/Kh-35U surface to surface.

Similar weapons

Notes and references

  1. ^ annual report Tactical Missiles Corporation 2010.p. 92
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service, AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue (PDF), Rosoboronexport State Corporation, p. 123[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ "Новая ракета X-35: гроза американских эсминцев". Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  4. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20120402214415/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Radar-and-Electronic-Warfare-Systems/ARGS-35E-Algeria.html. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2011. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b c "Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC Kh-35E". Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-09-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ "Russia: JSC Tactical Missile Arms Presents New Target Seeker". Naval Today. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  8. ^ a b "Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC Kh-35UE". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  9. ^ ""Уран-Э": рождение конструкторского замысла". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  10. ^ "Kh-37", Jane's Air-Launched Weapons, 2008-08-01[dead link]
  11. ^ "/". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  12. ^ Bal-E coastal missile system with Kh-35 antiship missile to defend Russia coast of Caspian Sea - Navyrecognition.com, 5 December 2011
  13. ^ Russia's Bal-E coastal defense system to be equipped with upgraded Kh-35 missile - Navyrecognition.com, 28 October 2015
  14. ^ a b Vietnam to launch Kh-35-based Anti-ship Missile Production - Navyrecognition.com, 12 June 2016
  15. ^ "ТАСС: Армия и ОПК - "Тактическое ракетное вооружение" за три года запустило в серию 14 видов ракет". ТАСС. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  16. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2012-04-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ Annual report Tactical Missiles Corporation 2010.p. 92
  18. ^ "Береговой ракетный комплекс "Бал" поступил на Тихоокеанский флот". Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ http://tass.com/defense/907916

External Sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kh-35&oldid=774032139"